yum与apt命令比较，yum安装出现No package vim available解决办法

yum (Yellowdog Updater Modified)是一个集与查找，安装，更新和删除程序的Linux软件。它运行在RPM包兼容的Linux发行版本上，如：RedHat, Fedora, SUSE, CentOS, Mandriva。

今天我在用CentOS 5.5的yum命令安装的时候出现如下错误：

[root@malu2 ~]# yum install vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.hosting90.cz
* extras: mirror.hosting90.cz
* updates: mirror.hosting90.cz
Setting up Install Process
No package vim available.
Nothing to do

 

对于此错误，我一般习惯性先去更新一下yum仓库：

#yum -y update


再次运行安装，发现错误依旧，看来这种猜包名的方法不适用；所以接下来可以通过yum的查找参数来列出vim相关的包名:

[root@malu2 yum.repos.d]# yum search vim
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.hosting90.cz
* extras: mirror.hosting90.cz
* updates: mirror.hosting90.cz
===================== Matched: vim ===================
vim-X11.x86_64 : The VIM version of the vi editor for the X Window System.
vim-common.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor.
vim-enhanced.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent
: enhancements.
vim-minimal.x86_64 : A minimal version of the VIM editor.

 

通过查看，我们可以看到，yum列出了详细的vim相关的包名，这样就可以顺利的安装vim了：

#yum -y install vim-enhanced.x86_64


以上命令就能执行成功了。当然不仅仅vim安装，其他程序比如mysql我们也同样只要先进行yum查找，再通过匹配详细包名来进行安装，就不会出现上述错误了

Yum的更新及安装操作

更新及安装：yum install package 安装指定的安装包packageyum localinstall package 本地安装软件包yum update 全部更新 yum update package 更新指定程序包package yum check-update 检查可更新的程序查找和显示yum info <package> 显示安装包信息 yum list 显示所有已经安装和可以安装的程序包 yum list <package> 显示指定程序包安装情况 yum search <keyword>查找软件包

Yum和Apt-get对比

TaskRed Hat/FedoraUbuntu/DebianAdding, Removing and Upgrading PackagesRefresh list of available packagesYum refreshes each time it’s usedapt-get updateInstall a package from a repositoryyum installpackage_nameapt-get installpackage_nameInstall a package fileyum installpackage.rpmrpm -ipackage.rpmdpkg –install package.debRemove a packagerpm -e package_nameapt-get removepackage_nameCheck for package upgradesyum check-updateapt-get -s upgradeapt-get -s dist-upgradeUpgrade packagesyum updaterpm -Uvh [args]apt-get dist-upgradeUpgrade the entire systemyum upgradeapt-get dist-upgradePackage InformationGet information about an available packageyum searchpackage_nameapt-cache searchpackage_nameShow available packagesyum list availableapt-cache dumpavailList all installed packagesyum list installedrpm -qadpkg –listGet information about a packageyum info package_nameapt-cache showpackage_nameGet information about an installed packagerpm -qi package_namedpkg –statuspackage_nameList files in an installed packagerpm -ql package_namedpkg –listfilespackage_nameList documentation files in an installed packagerpm -qd package_name-List configuration files in an installed packagerpm -qc package_name-Show the packages a given package depends onrpm -qR package_nameapt-cache dependsShow other packages that depend on agiven package (reverse dependency)rpm -q -whatrequires [args]apt-cache rdependsPackage File InformationGet information about a package filerpm -qpi package.rpmdpkg –info package.debList files in a package filerpm -qpl package.rpmdpkg –contentspackage.debList documentation files in a package filerpm -qpd package.rpm-List configuration files in a package filerpm -qpc package.rpm-Extract files in a packagerpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio -viddpkg-deb –extractpackage.deb dir-to-extract-toFind package that installed a filerpm -qf filenamedpkg –search filenameFind package that provides a particular fileyum provides filenameapt-file search filenameMisc. Packaging System ToolsShow stats about the package cache-apt-cache statsVerify all installed packagesrpm -VadebsumsRemove packages from the local cache directoryyum clean packagesapt-get cleanRemove only obsolete packages from the local cache directory-apt-get autocleanRemove header files from the local cache directory(forcing a new download of same on next use)yum clean headersapt-file purgeGeneral Packaging System InformationPackage file extension.rpm.debRepository location configuration/etc/yum.conf

/etc/apt/sources.list