linux下只有rman备份集的异机不同目录恢复

昨天在客户那里做了一次rman异机的恢复，把生产库弄一份给测试库用，总库大概80G，总共花费了2个小时，当时客户的环境是windows 11.2.0.3，今天早晨在linux下重新测试了一下，记录下来供大家参考

环境:

所有操作都是按主机名区分

源库:

主机名  bre1  实例名为bre1  数据文件目录在/u01/app/oradata下

目标库:

主机名 bre2   数据文件准备放在/bre1/oradata下

废话不多说，下面是实际操作步骤

1.在源库创建备份集，并且拷贝到目标库

拷贝的目录可用和原来的备份的时候的目录一致，也可以不一致

备份system表空间rman会自动备份参数文件和控制文件

RMAN> backup database format '/home/oracle/%U.bak';Starting backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:35using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setinput datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/system01.dbfinput datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/sysaux01.dbfinput datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/undotbs01.dbfinput datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/test.dbfinput datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/users01.dbfchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:36channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:51piece handle=/home/oracle/03pggb7o_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140821T100336 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setincluding current control file in backup setincluding current SPFILE in backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:52channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:53piece handle=/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140821T100336 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:03:53[oracle@bre2 ~]$ scp bre1:/home/oracle/03pggb7o_1_1.bak .The authenticity of host 'bre1 (192.168.56.45)' can't be established.RSA key fingerprint is 73:56:4c:3a:01:3f:50:c8:d8:3a:5d:d5:21:00:6a:fe.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yesWarning: Permanently added 'bre1,192.168.56.45' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.oracle@bre1's password: 03pggb7o_1_1.bak                                                                                     100%  336MB  37.3MB/s   00:09    [oracle@bre2 ~]$ scp bre1:/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak .oracle@bre1's password: 04pggb87_1_1.bak                                                                                     100% 9600KB   9.4MB/s   00:00  

2.还原spfile，使用nomount打开数据库

编辑一个最简单的pfile，只有db_name即可：

[oracle@bre2 dbs]$ vi initbre1.ora[oracle@bre2 dbs]$ cat initbre1.ora db_name=bre1

然后就可以nomount打开数据库了：

SQL> startup nomount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  229683200 bytesFixed Size    2251936 bytesVariable Size  171967328 bytesDatabase Buffers   50331648 bytesRedo Buffers    5132288 bytesSQL> 

再使用rman来恢复spfile：

RMAN> restore spfile from '/home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak';Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 9:39:31using target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=171 device type=DISKchannel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bakchannel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP completeFinished restore at 21-AUG-2014 9:39:32RMAN> 

使用spfile来打理数据库试试

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Aug 21 10:08:01 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startup nomount;ORA-01078: failure in processing system parametersLRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbre1.ora'SQL> startup nomount;ORA-01078: failure in processing system parametersLRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbre1.ora'SQL> startup nomount;ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail fileLinux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 9925

有很多相关目录没有创建，可以使用strings spfilebre1.ora来查看一下spfile里面的内容，建好相关的目录，并且赋予权限。。这些都搞好后nomount打开数据库不再报错。

3.恢复控制文件

登陆到rman，控制文件还原的时候将还原到参数文件指定的位置，所以参数文件指定的控制文件目录必须存在，否则报错，例如下面一开始我没有创建就报错，后来创建完成就不报错了，如果你想还原到其他地方，可以修改参数文件指定到相应地址。

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak';Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:26:14using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control fileRMAN-00571: ===========================================================RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============RMAN-00571: ===========================================================RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/21/2014 10:26:15ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bakORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl"ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create fileLinux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 1RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak';Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:26:50using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control fileRMAN-00571: ===========================================================RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============RMAN-00571: ===========================================================RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/21/2014 10:26:51ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl"ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create fileLinux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directoryAdditional information: 1ORA-19600: input file is control file  (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl)ORA-19601: output file is control file  (/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl)RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak';Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:27:24using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control filechannel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctloutput file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctlFinished restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:27:25

4.mount数据库,注册备份集

重启数据库，直接就可以启动到mount

SQL> startup mount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  835104768 bytesFixed Size    2257840 bytesVariable Size  503319632 bytesDatabase Buffers  322961408 bytesRedo Buffers    6565888 bytesDatabase mounted.SQL> 

如果此时备份集所在文件目录改变，需要手工catalog注册备份集，这里我们将拷过来的备份文件复制到/home/oracle/backup下，演示一下手工catalog备份集

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ ls03pggb7o_1_1.bak  04pggb87_1_1.bak  pfile.ora  test[oracle@bre2 ~]$ mkdir backup[oracle@bre2 ~]$ mv *.bak backup[oracle@bre2 ~]$ ls backup03pggb7o_1_1.bak  04pggb87_1_1.bakRMAN> catalog backuppiece '/home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak';Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:10using target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISKCrosschecked 1 objectsFinished implicit crosscheck backup at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:10Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:10using channel ORA_DISK_1Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 21-AUG-2014 10:32:11searching for all files in the recovery areacataloging files...no files catalogedcataloged backup piecebackup piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak RECID=2 STAMP=856175531RMAN>  catalog backuppiece '/home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak';cataloged backup piecebackup piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/04pggb87_1_1.bak RECID=3 STAMP=856175550

5.使用set newname将数据文件还原到不同目录

原来的数据文件目录在/u01/admin/oradata下面,我们将数据文件恢复到/bre1/oradata下面，%b的意思是只获取文件名，没有目录信息

[root@bre2 ~]# mkdir -p /bre1/oradata[root@bre2 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /bre1[oracle@bre2 ~]$ rman target /Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Aug 21 10:36:10 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.connected to target database: BRE1 (DBID=2522432392, not open)run{allocate channel ch1 device type disk;set newname for database to '/bre1/oradata/%b';restore database;release channel ch1;6> }using target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: ch1channel ch1: SID=396 device type=DISKexecuting command: SET NEWNAMEStarting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:38:03channel ch1: starting datafile backup set restorechannel ch1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup setchannel ch1: restoring datafile 00001 to /bre1/oradata/system01.dbfchannel ch1: restoring datafile 00002 to /bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbfchannel ch1: restoring datafile 00003 to /bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbfchannel ch1: restoring datafile 00004 to /bre1/oradata/users01.dbfchannel ch1: restoring datafile 00005 to /bre1/oradata/test.dbfchannel ch1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bakchannel ch1: piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/03pggb7o_1_1.bak tag=TAG20140821T100336channel ch1: restored backup piece 1channel ch1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45Finished restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:38:48released channel: ch1数据文件都在了：[root@bre2 ~]# ls -l /bre1/oradatatotal 1564468-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Aug 21 10:38 sysaux01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 Aug 21 10:38 system01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 Aug 21 10:38 test.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209723392 Aug 21 10:38 undotbs01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   6561792 Aug 21 10:38 users01.dbf

资料上说可以使用switch datafile all来直接修改控制文件中的文件目录，但是我试了一下貌似不行，还是需要在手工rename，下面是我手工修改控制文件中的数据文件目录，先看一下当前的数据文件目录

SQL> select name from v$datafile;NAME--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/system01.dbf/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/sysaux01.dbf/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/undotbs01.dbf/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/users01.dbf/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/test.dbfSQL> select name from v$tempfile;NAME--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/temp01.dbfSQL> select member from v$logfile;MEMBER--------------------------------------------------------------------------------/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo01.log/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo02.log/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo03.log

我自己写了一个拼接sql来将数据文件目录做转换：

select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$datafile
union all
select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$tempfile
union all
select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(member,length(member)-INSTR(reverse(member),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(member),'/'))||''';' from v$logfile
;

select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$datafileunion allselect 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(name,length(name)-INSTR(reverse(name),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(name),'/'))||''';' from v$tempfileunion allselect 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to ''/bre1/oradata'||substr(member,length(member)-INSTR(reverse(member),'/')+1,INSTR(reverse(member),'/'))||''';' from v$logfile  6  ;'ALTERDATABASERENAMEFILE'''||NAME||'''TO''/BRE1/ORADATA'||SUBSTR(NAME,LENGTH(NAME)-INSTR(REVERSE(NAME),'/')+1,INSTR(REVERSE(NAME),'/'))||''';'--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/system01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/system01.dbf';alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf';alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf';alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/users01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/users01.dbf';alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/test.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/test.dbf';alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/temp01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/temp01.dbf';alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/redo01.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo01.log';alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/redo02.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo02.log';alter database rename file '/bre1/oradata/redo03.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo03.log';alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/system01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/system01.dbf';alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/sysaux01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf';alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/undotbs01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf';alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/users01.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/users01.dbf';alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/test.dbf' to '/bre1/oradata/test.dbf';alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo01.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo01.log';alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo02.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo02.log';Database altered.SQL> Database altered.SQL> Database altered.SQL> Database altered.SQL> Database altered.SQL> Database altered.SQL> Database altered.SQL> alter database rename file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/redo03.log' to '/bre1/oradata/redo03.log';Database altered.

rename之后控制文件中的数据文件目录都已经改到了/bre1/oradata下，那么就可以进行恢复了。
6.恢复数据库

我这里是测试就没有恢复什么归档日志，如果是正式生产库，还需要恢复归档日志，可能还需要使用到CATALOG ARCHIVELOG 来注册归档的备份集和在RMAN中使用
RUN
{ 
  SET ARCHIVELOG DESTINATION TO '/home/oracle';
  RESTORE ARCHIVELOG all;       
}    
来还原出归档日志。
或者还可以在controlfile中修改归档目录来恢复。恢复出归档日志之后，就可以进行数据库恢复。

[oracle@bre2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Aug 21 11:16:06 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;ORA-00279: change 830841 generated at 08/21/2014 10:03:36 needed for thread 1ORA-00289: suggestion : /arch1_42_851018056.dbfORA-00280: change 830841 for thread 1 is in sequence #42Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}cancelMedia recovery cancelled.SQL> alter database open resetlogs;Database altered.

open 过程中可能会遇到ora-00392错误，
解决办法：
使用SQL> alter database clear logfile group 2;
到此恢复成功！

总结：
主要的难点是需要对rman比较熟悉，需要使用语句修改控制文件中的文件位置，否则会报错找不到相关文件。
如果备份集的目录改变了，需要手工catalog注册备份集到控制文件，并且rename file。