大数模板

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要好好研究一下。。。。。。。


模板一:

#include <iostream>    #include <cstring>    using namespace std;        #define DIGIT   4      //四位隔开,即万进制    #define DEPTH   10000        //万进制    #define MAX     251    //题目最大位数/4,要不大直接设为最大位数也行 typedef int bignum_t[MAX+1];         /************************************************************************/   /* 读取操作数,对操作数进行处理存储在数组里                             */   /************************************************************************/   int read(bignum_t a,istream&is=cin)    {        char buf[MAX*DIGIT+1],ch ;        int i,j ;        memset((void*)a,0,sizeof(bignum_t));        if(!(is>>buf))return 0 ;        for(a[0]=strlen(buf),i=a[0]/2-1;i>=0;i--)        ch=buf[i],buf[i]=buf[a[0]-1-i],buf[a[0]-1-i]=ch ;        for(a[0]=(a[0]+DIGIT-1)/DIGIT,j=strlen(buf);j<a[0]*DIGIT;buf[j++]='0');        for(i=1;i<=a[0];i++)        for(a[i]=0,j=0;j<DIGIT;j++)        a[i]=a[i]*10+buf[i*DIGIT-1-j]-'0' ;        for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);        return 1 ;    }         void write(const bignum_t a,ostream&os=cout)    {        int i,j ;        for(os<<a[i=a[0]],i--;i;i--)        for(j=DEPTH/10;j;j/=10)        os<<a[i]/j%10 ;    }         int comp(const bignum_t a,const bignum_t b)    {        int i ;        if(a[0]!=b[0])        return a[0]-b[0];        for(i=a[0];i;i--)        if(a[i]!=b[i])        return a[i]-b[i];        return 0 ;    }         int comp(const bignum_t a,const int b)    {        int c[12]=        {            1         }        ;        for(c[1]=b;c[c[0]]>=DEPTH;c[c[0]+1]=c[c[0]]/DEPTH,c[c[0]]%=DEPTH,c[0]++);        return comp(a,c);    }         int comp(const bignum_t a,const int c,const int d,const bignum_t b)    {        int i,t=0,O=-DEPTH*2 ;        if(b[0]-a[0]<d&&c)        return 1 ;        for(i=b[0];i>d;i--)        {            t=t*DEPTH+a[i-d]*c-b[i];            if(t>0)return 1 ;            if(t<O)return 0 ;        }        for(i=d;i;i--)        {            t=t*DEPTH-b[i];            if(t>0)return 1 ;            if(t<O)return 0 ;        }        return t>0 ;    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 大数与大数相加                                                       */   /************************************************************************/   void add(bignum_t a,const bignum_t b)    {        int i ;        for(i=1;i<=b[0];i++)        if((a[i]+=b[i])>=DEPTH)        a[i]-=DEPTH,a[i+1]++;        if(b[0]>=a[0])        a[0]=b[0];        else        for(;a[i]>=DEPTH&&i<a[0];a[i]-=DEPTH,i++,a[i]++);        a[0]+=(a[a[0]+1]>0);    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 大数与小数相加                                                       */   /************************************************************************/   void add(bignum_t a,const int b)    {        int i=1 ;        for(a[1]+=b;a[i]>=DEPTH&&i<a[0];a[i+1]+=a[i]/DEPTH,a[i]%=DEPTH,i++);        for(;a[a[0]]>=DEPTH;a[a[0]+1]=a[a[0]]/DEPTH,a[a[0]]%=DEPTH,a[0]++);    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 大数相减(被减数>=减数)                                               */   /************************************************************************/   void sub(bignum_t a,const bignum_t b)    {        int i ;        for(i=1;i<=b[0];i++)        if((a[i]-=b[i])<0)        a[i+1]--,a[i]+=DEPTH ;        for(;a[i]<0;a[i]+=DEPTH,i++,a[i]--);        for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 大数减去小数(被减数>=减数)                                           */   /************************************************************************/   void sub(bignum_t a,const int b)    {        int i=1 ;        for(a[1]-=b;a[i]<0;a[i+1]+=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH,a[i]-=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH*DEPTH,i++);        for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);    }         void sub(bignum_t a,const bignum_t b,const int c,const int d)    {        int i,O=b[0]+d ;        for(i=1+d;i<=O;i++)        if((a[i]-=b[i-d]*c)<0)        a[i+1]+=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH,a[i]-=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH*DEPTH ;        for(;a[i]<0;a[i+1]+=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH,a[i]-=(a[i]-DEPTH+1)/DEPTH*DEPTH,i++);        for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 大数相乘,读入被乘数a,乘数b,结果保存在c[]                          */   /************************************************************************/   void mul(bignum_t c,const bignum_t a,const bignum_t b)    {        int i,j ;        memset((void*)c,0,sizeof(bignum_t));        for(c[0]=a[0]+b[0]-1,i=1;i<=a[0];i++)        for(j=1;j<=b[0];j++)        if((c[i+j-1]+=a[i]*b[j])>=DEPTH)        c[i+j]+=c[i+j-1]/DEPTH,c[i+j-1]%=DEPTH ;        for(c[0]+=(c[c[0]+1]>0);!c[c[0]]&&c[0]>1;c[0]--);    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 大数乘以小数,读入被乘数a,乘数b,结果保存在被乘数                   */   /************************************************************************/   void mul(bignum_t a,const int b)    {        int i ;        for(a[1]*=b,i=2;i<=a[0];i++)        {            a[i]*=b ;            if(a[i-1]>=DEPTH)            a[i]+=a[i-1]/DEPTH,a[i-1]%=DEPTH ;        }        for(;a[a[0]]>=DEPTH;a[a[0]+1]=a[a[0]]/DEPTH,a[a[0]]%=DEPTH,a[0]++);        for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);    }         void mul(bignum_t b,const bignum_t a,const int c,const int d)    {        int i ;        memset((void*)b,0,sizeof(bignum_t));        for(b[0]=a[0]+d,i=d+1;i<=b[0];i++)        if((b[i]+=a[i-d]*c)>=DEPTH)        b[i+1]+=b[i]/DEPTH,b[i]%=DEPTH ;        for(;b[b[0]+1];b[0]++,b[b[0]+1]=b[b[0]]/DEPTH,b[b[0]]%=DEPTH);        for(;!b[b[0]]&&b[0]>1;b[0]--);    }    /**************************************************************************/   /* 大数相除,读入被除数a,除数b,结果保存在c[]数组                         */   /* 需要comp()函数                                                         */   /**************************************************************************/   void div(bignum_t c,bignum_t a,const bignum_t b)    {        int h,l,m,i ;        memset((void*)c,0,sizeof(bignum_t));        c[0]=(b[0]<a[0]+1)?(a[0]-b[0]+2):1 ;        for(i=c[0];i;sub(a,b,c[i]=m,i-1),i--)        for(h=DEPTH-1,l=0,m=(h+l+1)>>1;h>l;m=(h+l+1)>>1)        if(comp(b,m,i-1,a))h=m-1 ;        else l=m ;        for(;!c[c[0]]&&c[0]>1;c[0]--);        c[0]=c[0]>1?c[0]:1 ;    }         void div(bignum_t a,const int b,int&c)    {        int i ;        for(c=0,i=a[0];i;c=c*DEPTH+a[i],a[i]=c/b,c%=b,i--);        for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 大数平方根,读入大数a,结果保存在b[]数组里                           */   /* 需要comp()函数                                                       */   /************************************************************************/   void sqrt(bignum_t b,bignum_t a)    {        int h,l,m,i ;        memset((void*)b,0,sizeof(bignum_t));        for(i=b[0]=(a[0]+1)>>1;i;sub(a,b,m,i-1),b[i]+=m,i--)        for(h=DEPTH-1,l=0,b[i]=m=(h+l+1)>>1;h>l;b[i]=m=(h+l+1)>>1)        if(comp(b,m,i-1,a))h=m-1 ;        else l=m ;        for(;!b[b[0]]&&b[0]>1;b[0]--);        for(i=1;i<=b[0];b[i++]>>=1);    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 返回大数的长度                                                       */   /************************************************************************/   int length(const bignum_t a)    {        int t,ret ;        for(ret=(a[0]-1)*DIGIT,t=a[a[0]];t;t/=10,ret++);        return ret>0?ret:1 ;    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 返回指定位置的数字,从低位开始数到第b位,返回b位上的数               */   /************************************************************************/   int digit(const bignum_t a,const int b)    {        int i,ret ;        for(ret=a[(b-1)/DIGIT+1],i=(b-1)%DIGIT;i;ret/=10,i--);        return ret%10 ;    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 返回大数末尾0的个数                                                  */   /************************************************************************/   int zeronum(const bignum_t a)    {        int ret,t ;        for(ret=0;!a[ret+1];ret++);        for(t=a[ret+1],ret*=DIGIT;!(t%10);t/=10,ret++);        return ret ;    }         void comp(int*a,const int l,const int h,const int d)    {        int i,j,t ;        for(i=l;i<=h;i++)        for(t=i,j=2;t>1;j++)        while(!(t%j))        a[j]+=d,t/=j ;    }         void convert(int*a,const int h,bignum_t b)    {        int i,j,t=1 ;        memset(b,0,sizeof(bignum_t));        for(b[0]=b[1]=1,i=2;i<=h;i++)        if(a[i])        for(j=a[i];j;t*=i,j--)        if(t*i>DEPTH)        mul(b,t),t=1 ;        mul(b,t);    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 组合数                                                               */   /************************************************************************/   void combination(bignum_t a,int m,int n)    {        int*t=new int[m+1];        memset((void*)t,0,sizeof(int)*(m+1));        comp(t,n+1,m,1);        comp(t,2,m-n,-1);        convert(t,m,a);        delete[]t ;    }    /************************************************************************/   /* 排列数                                                               */   /************************************************************************/   void permutation(bignum_t a,int m,int n)    {        int i,t=1 ;        memset(a,0,sizeof(bignum_t));        a[0]=a[1]=1 ;        for(i=m-n+1;i<=m;t*=i++)        if(t*i>DEPTH)        mul(a,t),t=1 ;        mul(a,t);    }        #define SGN(x) ((x)>0?1:((x)<0?-1:0))    #define ABS(x) ((x)>0?(x):-(x))         int read(bignum_t a,int&sgn,istream&is=cin)    {        char str[MAX*DIGIT+2],ch,*buf ;        int i,j ;        memset((void*)a,0,sizeof(bignum_t));        if(!(is>>str))return 0 ;        buf=str,sgn=1 ;        if(*buf=='-')sgn=-1,buf++;        for(a[0]=strlen(buf),i=a[0]/2-1;i>=0;i--)        ch=buf[i],buf[i]=buf[a[0]-1-i],buf[a[0]-1-i]=ch ;        for(a[0]=(a[0]+DIGIT-1)/DIGIT,j=strlen(buf);j<a[0]*DIGIT;buf[j++]='0');        for(i=1;i<=a[0];i++)        for(a[i]=0,j=0;j<DIGIT;j++)        a[i]=a[i]*10+buf[i*DIGIT-1-j]-'0' ;        for(;!a[a[0]]&&a[0]>1;a[0]--);        if(a[0]==1&&!a[1])sgn=0 ;        return 1 ;    }    struct bignum     {        bignum_t num ;        int sgn ;        public :        inline bignum()        {            memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t));            num[0]=1 ;            sgn=0 ;        }        inline int operator!()        {            return num[0]==1&&!num[1];        }        inline bignum&operator=(const bignum&a)        {            memcpy(num,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t));            sgn=a.sgn ;            return*this ;        }        inline bignum&operator=(const int a)        {            memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t));            num[0]=1 ;            sgn=SGN (a);            add(num,sgn*a);            return*this ;        }        ;        inline bignum&operator+=(const bignum&a)        {            if(sgn==a.sgn)add(num,a.num);            else if                    (sgn&&a.sgn)            {                int ret=comp(num,a.num);                if(ret>0)sub(num,a.num);                else if(ret<0)                {                    bignum_t t ;                    memcpy(t,num,sizeof(bignum_t));                    memcpy(num,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t));                    sub (num,t);                    sgn=a.sgn ;                }                else memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t)),num[0]=1,sgn=0 ;            }            else if(!sgn)                memcpy(num,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t)),sgn=a.sgn ;            return*this ;        }        inline bignum&operator+=(const int a)        {            if(sgn*a>0)add(num,ABS(a));            else if(sgn&&a)            {                int  ret=comp(num,ABS(a));                if(ret>0)sub(num,ABS(a));                else if(ret<0)                {                    bignum_t t ;                    memcpy(t,num,sizeof(bignum_t));                    memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t));                    num[0]=1 ;                    add(num,ABS (a));                    sgn=-sgn ;                    sub(num,t);                }                else memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t)),num[0]=1,sgn=0 ;            }            else if                (!sgn)sgn=SGN(a),add(num,ABS(a));            return*this ;        }        inline bignum operator+(const bignum&a)        {            bignum ret ;            memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof (bignum_t));            ret.sgn=sgn ;            ret+=a ;            return ret ;        }        inline bignum operator+(const int a)        {            bignum ret ;            memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof (bignum_t));            ret.sgn=sgn ;            ret+=a ;            return ret ;        }        inline bignum&operator-=(const bignum&a)        {            if(sgn*a.sgn<0)add(num,a.num);            else if                    (sgn&&a.sgn)            {                int ret=comp(num,a.num);                if(ret>0)sub(num,a.num);                else if(ret<0)                {                    bignum_t t ;                    memcpy(t,num,sizeof(bignum_t));                    memcpy(num,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t));                    sub(num,t);                    sgn=-sgn ;                }                else memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t)),num[0]=1,sgn=0 ;            }            else if(!sgn)add (num,a.num),sgn=-a.sgn ;            return*this ;        }        inline bignum&operator-=(const int a)        {            if(sgn*a<0)add(num,ABS(a));            else if(sgn&&a)            {                int  ret=comp(num,ABS(a));                if(ret>0)sub(num,ABS(a));                else if(ret<0)                {                    bignum_t t ;                    memcpy(t,num,sizeof(bignum_t));                    memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t));                    num[0]=1 ;                    add(num,ABS(a));                    sub(num,t);                    sgn=-sgn ;                }                else memset(num,0,sizeof(bignum_t)),num[0]=1,sgn=0 ;            }            else if                (!sgn)sgn=-SGN(a),add(num,ABS(a));            return*this ;        }        inline bignum operator-(const bignum&a)        {            bignum ret ;            memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof(bignum_t));            ret.sgn=sgn ;            ret-=a ;            return ret ;        }        inline bignum operator-(const int a)        {            bignum ret ;            memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof(bignum_t));            ret.sgn=sgn ;            ret-=a ;            return ret ;        }        inline bignum&operator*=(const bignum&a)        {            bignum_t t ;            mul(t,num,a.num);            memcpy(num,t,sizeof(bignum_t));            sgn*=a.sgn ;            return*this ;        }        inline bignum&operator*=(const int a)        {            mul(num,ABS(a));            sgn*=SGN(a);            return*this ;        }        inline bignum operator*(const bignum&a)        {            bignum ret ;            mul(ret.num,num,a.num);            ret.sgn=sgn*a.sgn ;            return ret ;        }        inline bignum operator*(const int a)        {            bignum ret ;            memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof (bignum_t));            mul(ret.num,ABS(a));            ret.sgn=sgn*SGN(a);            return ret ;        }        inline bignum&operator/=(const bignum&a)        {            bignum_t t ;            div(t,num,a.num);            memcpy (num,t,sizeof(bignum_t));            sgn=(num[0]==1&&!num[1])?0:sgn*a.sgn ;            return*this ;        }        inline bignum&operator/=(const int a)        {            int t ;            div(num,ABS(a),t);            sgn=(num[0]==1&&!num [1])?0:sgn*SGN(a);            return*this ;        }        inline bignum operator/(const bignum&a)        {            bignum ret ;            bignum_t t ;            memcpy(t,num,sizeof(bignum_t));            div(ret.num,t,a.num);            ret.sgn=(ret.num[0]==1&&!ret.num[1])?0:sgn*a.sgn ;            return ret ;        }        inline bignum operator/(const int a)        {            bignum ret ;            int t ;            memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof(bignum_t));            div(ret.num,ABS(a),t);            ret.sgn=(ret.num[0]==1&&!ret.num[1])?0:sgn*SGN(a);            return ret ;        }        inline bignum&operator%=(const bignum&a)        {            bignum_t t ;            div(t,num,a.num);            if(num[0]==1&&!num[1])sgn=0 ;            return*this ;        }        inline int operator%=(const int a)        {            int t ;            div(num,ABS(a),t);            memset(num,0,sizeof (bignum_t));            num[0]=1 ;            add(num,t);            return t ;        }        inline bignum operator%(const bignum&a)        {            bignum ret ;            bignum_t t ;            memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof(bignum_t));            div(t,ret.num,a.num);            ret.sgn=(ret.num[0]==1&&!ret.num [1])?0:sgn ;            return ret ;        }        inline int operator%(const int a)        {            bignum ret ;            int t ;            memcpy(ret.num,num,sizeof(bignum_t));            div(ret.num,ABS(a),t);            memset(ret.num,0,sizeof(bignum_t));            ret.num[0]=1 ;            add(ret.num,t);            return t ;        }        inline bignum&operator++()        {            *this+=1 ;            return*this ;        }        inline bignum&operator--()        {            *this-=1 ;            return*this ;        }        ;        inline int operator>(const bignum&a)        {            return sgn>0?(a.sgn>0?comp(num,a.num)>0:1):(sgn<0?(a.sgn<0?comp(num,a.num)<0:0):a.sgn<0);        }        inline int operator>(const int a)        {            return sgn>0?(a>0?comp(num,a)>0:1):(sgn<0?(a<0?comp(num,-a)<0:0):a<0);        }        inline int operator>=(const bignum&a)        {            return sgn>0?(a.sgn>0?comp(num,a.num)>=0:1):(sgn<0?(a.sgn<0?comp(num,a.num)<=0:0):a.sgn<=0);        }        inline int operator>=(const int a)        {            return sgn>0?(a>0?comp(num,a)>=0:1):(sgn<0?(a<0?comp(num,-a)<=0:0):a<=0);        }        inline int operator<(const bignum&a)        {            return sgn<0?(a.sgn<0?comp(num,a.num)>0:1):(sgn>0?(a.sgn>0?comp(num,a.num)<0:0):a.sgn>0);        }        inline int operator<(const int a)        {            return sgn<0?(a<0?comp(num,-a)>0:1):(sgn>0?(a>0?comp(num,a)<0:0):a>0);        }        inline int operator<=(const bignum&a)        {            return sgn<0?(a.sgn<0?comp(num,a.num)>=0:1):(sgn>0?(a.sgn>0?comp(num,a.num)<=0:0):a.sgn>=0);        }        inline int operator<=(const int a)        {            return sgn<0?(a<0?comp(num,-a)>=0:1):            (sgn>0?(a>0?comp(num,a)<=0:0):a>=0);        }        inline int operator==(const bignum&a)        {            return(sgn==a.sgn)?!comp(num,a.num):0 ;        }        inline int operator==(const int a)        {            return(sgn*a>=0)?!comp(num,ABS(a)):0 ;        }        inline int operator!=(const bignum&a)        {            return(sgn==a.sgn)?comp(num,a.num):1 ;        }        inline int operator!=(const int a)        {            return(sgn*a>=0)?comp(num,ABS(a)):1 ;        }        inline int operator[](const int a)        {            return digit(num,a);        }        friend inline istream&operator>>(istream&is,bignum&a)        {            read(a.num,a.sgn,is);            return  is ;        }        friend inline ostream&operator<<(ostream&os,const bignum&a)        {            if(a.sgn<0)                os<<'-' ;            write(a.num,os);            return os ;        }        friend inline bignum sqrt(const bignum&a)        {            bignum ret ;            bignum_t t ;            memcpy(t,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t));            sqrt(ret.num,t);            ret.sgn=ret.num[0]!=1||ret.num[1];            return ret ;        }        friend inline bignum sqrt(const bignum&a,bignum&b)        {            bignum ret ;            memcpy(b.num,a.num,sizeof(bignum_t));            sqrt(ret.num,b.num);            ret.sgn=ret.num[0]!=1||ret.num[1];            b.sgn=b.num[0]!=1||ret.num[1];            return ret ;        }        inline int length()        {            return :: length(num);        }        inline int zeronum()        {            return :: zeronum(num);        }        inline bignum C(const int m,const int n)        {            combination(num,m,n);            sgn=1 ;            return*this ;        }        inline bignum P(const int m,const int n)        {            permutation(num,m,n);            sgn=1 ;            return*this ;        }    };   int main()    {           bignum a,b,c;           cin>>a>>b;          cout<<"加法:"<<a+b<<endl;        cout<<"减法:"<<a-b<<endl;        cout<<"乘法:"<<a*b<<endl;        cout<<"除法:"<<a/b<<endl;           c=sqrt(a);        cout<<"平方根:"<<c<<endl;        cout<<"a的长度:"<<a.length()<<endl;        cout<<"a的末尾0个数:"<<a.zeronum()<<endl<<endl;        cout<<"组合: 从10个不同元素取3个元素组合的所有可能性为"<<c.C(10,3)<<endl;        cout<<"排列: 从10个不同元素取3个元素排列的所有可能性为"<<c.P(10,3)<<endl;        return 0 ;    }   
 

模板二:

#include <cstdio>#include <cstring>#include <cstdlib>//允许生成1120位(二进制)的中间结果#define BI_MAXLEN 105#define DEC 10#define HEX 16class CBigInt{public://大数在0x100000000进制下的长度        unsigned m_nLength;//用数组记录大数在0x100000000进制下每一位的值    unsigned long m_ulValue[BI_MAXLEN];    CBigInt();    ~CBigInt();/*****************************************************************基本操作与运算Mov,赋值运算,可赋值为大数或普通整数,可重载为运算符“=”Cmp,比较运算,可重载为运算符“==”、“!=”、“>=”、“<=”等Add,加,求大数与大数或大数与普通整数的和,可重载为运算符“+”Sub,减,求大数与大数或大数与普通整数的差,可重载为运算符“-”Mul,乘,求大数与大数或大数与普通整数的积,可重载为运算符“*”Div,除,求大数与大数或大数与普通整数的商,可重载为运算符“/”Mod,模,求大数与大数或大数与普通整数的模,可重载为运算符“%”*****************************************************************/    void Mov(unsigned __int64 A);    void Mov(CBigInt& A);    CBigInt Add(CBigInt& A);    CBigInt Sub(CBigInt& A);    CBigInt Mul(CBigInt& A);    CBigInt Div(CBigInt& A);    CBigInt Mod(CBigInt& A);    CBigInt Add(unsigned long A);    CBigInt Sub(unsigned long A);    CBigInt Mul(unsigned long A);    CBigInt Div(unsigned long A);    unsigned long Mod(unsigned long A);     int Cmp(CBigInt& A); /*****************************************************************输入输出Get,从字符串按10进制或16进制格式输入到大数Put,将大数按10进制或16进制格式输出到字符串*****************************************************************/    void Get(char str[], unsigned int system=DEC);    void Put(char str[], unsigned int system=DEC);/*****************************************************************RSA相关运算Rab,拉宾米勒算法进行素数测试Euc,欧几里德算法求解同余方程RsaTrans,反复平方算法进行幂模运算GetPrime,产生指定长度的随机大素数*****************************************************************/    int Rab();    CBigInt Euc(CBigInt& A);    CBigInt RsaTrans(CBigInt& A, CBigInt& B);    void GetPrime(int bits);};//小素数表const static int PrimeTable[550]={   3,    5,    7,    11,   13,   17,   19,   23,   29,   31,    37,   41,   43,   47,   53,   59,   61,   67,   71,   73,    79,   83,   89,   97,   101,  103,  107,  109,  113,  127,     131,  137,  139,  149,  151,  157,  163,  167,  173,  179,     181,  191,  193,  197,  199,  211,  223,  227,  229,  233,     239,  241,  251,  257,  263,  269,  271,  277,  281,  283,     293,  307,  311,  313,  317,  331,  337,  347,  349,  353,     359,  367,  373,  379,  383,  389,  397,  401,  409,  419,     421,  431,  433,  439,  443,  449,  457,  461,  463,  467,     479,  487,  491,  499,  503,  509,  521,  523,  541,  547,     557,  563,  569,  571,  577,  587,  593,  599,  601,  607,     613,  617,  619,  631,  641,  643,  647,  653,  659,  661,     673,  677,  683,  691,  701,  709,  719,  727,  733,  739,     743,  751,  757,  761,  769,  773,  787,  797,  809,  811,     821,  823,  827,  829,  839,  853,  857,  859,  863,  877,    881,  883,  887,  907,  911,  919,  929,  937,  941,  947,     953,  967,  971,  977,  983,  991,  997,  1009, 1013, 1019,     1021, 1031, 1033, 1039, 1049, 1051, 1061, 1063, 1069, 1087,    1091, 1093, 1097, 1103, 1109, 1117, 1123, 1129, 1151, 1153,     1163, 1171, 1181, 1187, 1193, 1201, 1213, 1217, 1223, 1229,     1231, 1237, 1249, 1259, 1277, 1279, 1283, 1289, 1291, 1297,     1301, 1303, 1307, 1319, 1321, 1327, 1361, 1367, 1373, 1381,    1399, 1409, 1423, 1427, 1429, 1433, 1439, 1447, 1451, 1453,     1459, 1471, 1481, 1483, 1487, 1489, 1493, 1499, 1511, 1523,    1531, 1543, 1549, 1553, 1559, 1567, 1571, 1579, 1583, 1597,     1601, 1607, 1609, 1613, 1619, 1621, 1627, 1637, 1657, 1663,     1667, 1669, 1693, 1697, 1699, 1709, 1721, 1723, 1733, 1741,     1747, 1753, 1759, 1777, 1783, 1787, 1789, 1801, 1811, 1823,     1831, 1847, 1861, 1867, 1871, 1873, 1877, 1879, 1889, 1901,     1907, 1913, 1931, 1933, 1949, 1951, 1973, 1979, 1987, 1993,     1997, 1999, 2003, 2011, 2017, 2027, 2029, 2039, 2053, 2063,    2069, 2081, 2083, 2087, 2089, 2099, 2111, 2113, 2129, 2131,     2137, 2141, 2143, 2153, 2161, 2179, 2203, 2207, 2213, 2221,     2237, 2239, 2243, 2251, 2267, 2269, 2273, 2281, 2287, 2293,    2297, 2309, 2311, 2333, 2339, 2341, 2347, 2351, 2357, 2371,    2377, 2381, 2383, 2389, 2393, 2399, 2411, 2417, 2423, 2437,     2441, 2447, 2459, 2467, 2473, 2477, 2503, 2521, 2531, 2539,     2543, 2549, 2551, 2557, 2579, 2591, 2593, 2609, 2617, 2621,     2633, 2647, 2657, 2659, 2663, 2671, 2677, 2683, 2687, 2689,     2693, 2699, 2707, 2711, 2713, 2719, 2729, 2731, 2741, 2749,     2753, 2767, 2777, 2789, 2791, 2797, 2801, 2803, 2819, 2833,     2837, 2843, 2851, 2857, 2861, 2879, 2887, 2897, 2903, 2909,    2917, 2927, 2939, 2953, 2957, 2963, 2969, 2971, 2999, 3001,    3011, 3019, 3023, 3037, 3041, 3049, 3061, 3067, 3079, 3083,    3089, 3109, 3119, 3121, 3137, 3163, 3167, 3169, 3181, 3187,     3191, 3203, 3209, 3217, 3221, 3229, 3251, 3253, 3257, 3259,     3271, 3299, 3301, 3307, 3313, 3319, 3323, 3329, 3331, 3343,    3347, 3359, 3361, 3371, 3373, 3389, 3391, 3407, 3413, 3433,     3449, 3457, 3461, 3463, 3467, 3469, 3491, 3499, 3511, 3517,     3527, 3529, 3533, 3539, 3541, 3547, 3557, 3559, 3571, 3581,    3583, 3593, 3607, 3613, 3617, 3623, 3631, 3637, 3643, 3659,     3671, 3673, 3677, 3691, 3697, 3701, 3709, 3719, 3727, 3733,     3739, 3761, 3767, 3769, 3779, 3793, 3797, 3803, 3821, 3823,     3833, 3847, 3851, 3853, 3863, 3877, 3881, 3889, 3907, 3911,     3917, 3919, 3923, 3929, 3931, 3943, 3947, 3967, 3989, 4001};//构造大数对象并初始化为零CBigInt::CBigInt(){    m_nLength=1;    for(int i=0;i<BI_MAXLEN;i++)m_ulValue[i]=0;}//解构大数对象CBigInt::~CBigInt(){}/****************************************************************************************大数比较调用方式:N.Cmp(A)返回值:若N<A返回-1;若N=A返回0;若N>A返回1****************************************************************************************/int CBigInt::Cmp(CBigInt& A){    if(m_nLength>A.m_nLength)return 1;    if(m_nLength<A.m_nLength)return -1;    for(int i=m_nLength-1;i>=0;i--)    {        if(m_ulValue[i]>A.m_ulValue[i])return 1;        if(m_ulValue[i]<A.m_ulValue[i])return -1;    }    return 0;}/****************************************************************************************大数赋值调用方式:N.Mov(A)返回值:无,N被赋值为A****************************************************************************************/void CBigInt::Mov(CBigInt& A){    m_nLength=A.m_nLength;    for(int i=0;i<BI_MAXLEN;i++)m_ulValue[i]=A.m_ulValue[i];}void CBigInt::Mov(unsigned __int64 A){    if(A>0xffffffff)    {        m_nLength=2;        m_ulValue[1]=(unsigned long)(A>>32);        m_ulValue[0]=(unsigned long)A;    }    else    {        m_nLength=1;        m_ulValue[0]=(unsigned long)A;    }    for(int i=m_nLength;i<BI_MAXLEN;i++)m_ulValue[i]=0;}/****************************************************************************************大数相加调用形式:N.Add(A)返回值:N+A****************************************************************************************/CBigInt CBigInt::Add(CBigInt& A){    CBigInt X;    X.Mov(*this);    unsigned carry=0;    unsigned __int64 sum=0;    if(X.m_nLength<A.m_nLength)X.m_nLength=A.m_nLength;    for(unsigned i=0;i<X.m_nLength;i++)    {        sum=A.m_ulValue[i];sum=sum+X.m_ulValue[i]+carry;        X.m_ulValue[i]=(unsigned long)sum;        carry=(unsigned)(sum>>32);    }    X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength]=carry;    X.m_nLength+=carry;    return X;}CBigInt CBigInt::Add(unsigned long A){    CBigInt X;    X.Mov(*this);    unsigned __int64 sum;    sum=X.m_ulValue[0];sum+=A;    X.m_ulValue[0]=(unsigned long)sum;    if(sum>0xffffffff)    {        unsigned i=1;        while(X.m_ulValue[i]==0xffffffff){X.m_ulValue[i]=0;i++;}        X.m_ulValue[i]++;        if(m_nLength==i)m_nLength++;    }    return X;}/****************************************************************************************大数相减调用形式:N.Sub(A)返回值:N-A****************************************************************************************/CBigInt CBigInt::Sub(CBigInt& A){    CBigInt X;    X.Mov(*this);    if(X.Cmp(A)<=0){X.Mov(0);return X;}    unsigned carry=0;    unsigned __int64 num;unsigned i;    for(i=0;i<m_nLength;i++)    {        if((m_ulValue[i]>A.m_ulValue[i])||((m_ulValue[i]==A.m_ulValue[i])&&(carry==0)))        {            X.m_ulValue[i]=m_ulValue[i]-carry-A.m_ulValue[i];            carry=0;        }        else        {            num=0x100000000+m_ulValue[i];            X.m_ulValue[i]=(unsigned long)(num-carry-A.m_ulValue[i]);            carry=1;        }    }    while(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]==0)X.m_nLength--;    return X;}CBigInt CBigInt::Sub(unsigned long A){    CBigInt X;    X.Mov(*this);    if(X.m_ulValue[0]>=A){X.m_ulValue[0]-=A;return X;}    if(X.m_nLength==1){X.Mov(0);return X;}    unsigned __int64 num=0x100000000+X.m_ulValue[0];    X.m_ulValue[0]=(unsigned long)(num-A);    int i=1;    while(X.m_ulValue[i]==0){X.m_ulValue[i]=0xffffffff;i++;}    X.m_ulValue[i]--;    if(X.m_ulValue[i]==0)X.m_nLength--;    return X;}/****************************************************************************************大数相乘调用形式:N.Mul(A)返回值:N*A****************************************************************************************/CBigInt CBigInt::Mul(CBigInt& A){    if(A.m_nLength==1)return Mul(A.m_ulValue[0]);CBigInt X;unsigned __int64 sum,mul=0,carry=0;unsigned i,j;X.m_nLength=m_nLength+A.m_nLength-1;    for(i=0;i<X.m_nLength;i++){sum=carry;carry=0;for(j=0;j<A.m_nLength;j++){            if(((i-j)>=0)&&((i-j)<m_nLength)){mul=m_ulValue[i-j];mul*=A.m_ulValue[j];    carry+=mul>>32;mul=mul&0xffffffff;sum+=mul;}        }carry+=sum>>32;X.m_ulValue[i]=(unsigned long)sum;}if(carry){X.m_nLength++;X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]=(unsigned long)carry;}    return X;}CBigInt CBigInt::Mul(unsigned long A){    CBigInt X;    unsigned __int64 mul;    unsigned long carry=0;    X.Mov(*this);    for(unsigned i=0;i<m_nLength;i++)    {        mul=m_ulValue[i];        mul=mul*A+carry;        X.m_ulValue[i]=(unsigned long)mul;        carry=(unsigned long)(mul>>32);    }    if(carry){X.m_nLength++;X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]=carry;}    return X;}/****************************************************************************************大数相除调用形式:N.Div(A)返回值:N/A****************************************************************************************/CBigInt CBigInt::Div(CBigInt& A){    if(A.m_nLength==1)return Div(A.m_ulValue[0]);    CBigInt X,Y,Z;    unsigned i,len;    unsigned __int64 num,div;    Y.Mov(*this);    while(Y.Cmp(A)>=0)    {       div=Y.m_ulValue[Y.m_nLength-1];num=A.m_ulValue[A.m_nLength-1];len=Y.m_nLength-A.m_nLength;if((div==num)&&(len==0)){X.Mov(X.Add(1));break;}if((div<=num)&&len){len--;div=(div<<32)+Y.m_ulValue[Y.m_nLength-2];}div=div/(num+1);Z.Mov(div);if(len){Z.m_nLength+=len;for(i=Z.m_nLength-1;i>=len;i--)Z.m_ulValue[i]=Z.m_ulValue[i-len];for(i=0;i<len;i++)Z.m_ulValue[i]=0;}X.Mov(X.Add(Z));        Y.Mov(Y.Sub(A.Mul(Z)));    }    return X;}CBigInt CBigInt::Div(unsigned long A){    CBigInt X;    X.Mov(*this);    if(X.m_nLength==1){X.m_ulValue[0]=X.m_ulValue[0]/A;return X;}    unsigned __int64 div,mul;    unsigned long carry=0;    for(int i=X.m_nLength-1;i>=0;i--)    {        div=carry;        div=(div<<32)+X.m_ulValue[i];        X.m_ulValue[i]=(unsigned long)(div/A);        mul=(div/A)*A;        carry=(unsigned long)(div-mul);    }    if(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]==0)X.m_nLength--;    return X;}/****************************************************************************************大数求模调用形式:N.Mod(A)返回值:N%A****************************************************************************************/CBigInt CBigInt::Mod(CBigInt& A){    CBigInt X,Y;unsigned __int64 div,num;    unsigned long carry=0;unsigned i,len;    X.Mov(*this);    while(X.Cmp(A)>=0)    {div=X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1];num=A.m_ulValue[A.m_nLength-1];len=X.m_nLength-A.m_nLength;if((div==num)&&(len==0)){X.Mov(X.Sub(A));break;}if((div<=num)&&len){len--;div=(div<<32)+X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-2];}div=div/(num+1);Y.Mov(div);Y.Mov(A.Mul(Y));if(len){Y.m_nLength+=len;for(i=Y.m_nLength-1;i>=len;i--)Y.m_ulValue[i]=Y.m_ulValue[i-len];for(i=0;i<len;i++)Y.m_ulValue[i]=0;}        X.Mov(X.Sub(Y));    }    return X;}unsigned long CBigInt::Mod(unsigned long A){    if(m_nLength==1)return(m_ulValue[0]%A);    unsigned __int64 div;    unsigned long carry=0;    for(int i=m_nLength-1;i>=0;i--)    {        div=m_ulValue[i];div+=carry*0x100000000;        carry=(unsigned long)(div%A);    }    return carry;}/****************************************************************************************从字符串按10进制或16进制格式输入到大数调用格式:N.Get(str,sys)返回值:N被赋值为相应大数sys暂时只能为10或16****************************************************************************************/void CBigInt::Get(char str[], unsigned int system){    int len=strlen(str),k;    Mov(0);    for(int i=0;i<len;i++)    {       Mov(Mul(system));       if((str[i]>='0')&&(str[i]<='9'))k=str[i]-48;       else if((str[i]>='A')&&(str[i]<='F'))k=str[i]-55;       else if((str[i]>='a')&&(str[i]<='f'))k=str[i]-87;       else k=0;       Mov(Add(k));    }}/****************************************************************************************将大数按10进制或16进制格式输出为字符串调用格式:N.Put(str,sys)返回值:无,参数str被赋值为N的sys进制字符串sys暂时只能为10或16****************************************************************************************/void CBigInt::Put(char str[], unsigned int system){    if((m_nLength==1)&&(m_ulValue[0]==0)){str="0";return;}    char t[]="0123456789ABCDEF";    int a;    char ch;    CBigInt X;    X.Mov(*this);int i = 0;    while(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]>0)    {        a=X.Mod(system);        ch=t[a];        str[i++] = ch;        X.Mov(X.Div(system));    }str[i] = 0x00;int len = strlen(str) - 1;int half_len = strlen(str) / 2;char tmp;for (i = 0; i<half_len; i++){tmp = str[i];str[i] = str[len-i];str[len-i] = tmp;}}/****************************************************************************************求不定方程ax-by=1的最小整数解调用方式:N.Euc(A)返回值:X,满足:NX mod A=1****************************************************************************************/CBigInt CBigInt::Euc(CBigInt& A){CBigInt M,E,X,Y,I,J;    int x,y;M.Mov(A);E.Mov(*this);X.Mov(0);Y.Mov(1);x=y=1;while((E.m_nLength!=1)||(E.m_ulValue[0]!=0)){I.Mov(M.Div(E));J.Mov(M.Mod(E));M.Mov(E);E.Mov(J);J.Mov(Y);Y.Mov(Y.Mul(I));if(x==y){    if(X.Cmp(Y)>=0)Y.Mov(X.Sub(Y));else{Y.Mov(Y.Sub(X));y=0;}}else{Y.Mov(X.Add(Y));x=1-x;y=1-y;}X.Mov(J);}if(x==0)X.Mov(A.Sub(X));return X;}/****************************************************************************************求乘方的模调用方式:N.RsaTrans(A,B)返回值:X=N^A MOD B****************************************************************************************/CBigInt CBigInt::RsaTrans(CBigInt& A, CBigInt& B){    CBigInt X,Y;int i,j,k;unsigned n;unsigned long num;k=A.m_nLength*32-32;num=A.m_ulValue[A.m_nLength-1];while(num){num=num>>1;k++;}X.Mov(*this);for(i=k-2;i>=0;i--){Y.Mov(X.Mul(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]));Y.Mov(Y.Mod(B));        for(n=1;n<X.m_nLength;n++){          for(j=Y.m_nLength;j>0;j--)Y.m_ulValue[j]=Y.m_ulValue[j-1];Y.m_ulValue[0]=0;Y.m_nLength++;Y.Mov(Y.Add(X.Mul(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-n-1])));Y.Mov(Y.Mod(B));}X.Mov(Y);if((A.m_ulValue[i>>5]>>(i&31))&1){    Y.Mov(Mul(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-1]));    Y.Mov(Y.Mod(B));            for(n=1;n<X.m_nLength;n++){              for(j=Y.m_nLength;j>0;j--)Y.m_ulValue[j]=Y.m_ulValue[j-1];    Y.m_ulValue[0]=0;    Y.m_nLength++;    Y.Mov(Y.Add(Mul(X.m_ulValue[X.m_nLength-n-1])));    Y.Mov(Y.Mod(B));}    X.Mov(Y);}}    return X;}/****************************************************************************************拉宾米勒算法测试素数调用方式:N.Rab()返回值:若N为素数,返回1,否则返回0****************************************************************************************/int CBigInt::Rab(){    unsigned i,j,pass;    for(i=0;i<550;i++){if(Mod(PrimeTable[i])==0)return 0;}    CBigInt S,A,I,K;    K.Mov(*this);K.m_ulValue[0]--;    for(i=0;i<5;i++)    {        pass=0;        A.Mov(rand()*rand());S.Mov(K);        while((S.m_ulValue[0]&1)==0){            for(j=0;j<S.m_nLength;j++){    S.m_ulValue[j]=S.m_ulValue[j]>>1;    if(S.m_ulValue[j+1]&1)S.m_ulValue[j]=S.m_ulValue[j]|0x80000000;}    if(S.m_ulValue[S.m_nLength-1]==0)S.m_nLength--;I.Mov(A.RsaTrans(S,*this));if(I.Cmp(K)==0){pass=1;break;}}if((I.m_nLength==1)&&(I.m_ulValue[0]==1))pass=1;if(pass==0)return 0;}    return 1;}/****************************************************************************************产生随机素数调用方法:N.GetPrime(bits)返回值:N被赋值为一个bits位(0x100000000进制长度)的素数****************************************************************************************/void CBigInt::GetPrime(int bits){    unsigned i;    m_nLength=bits;begin:for(i=0;i<m_nLength;i++)m_ulValue[i]=rand()*0x10000+rand();    m_ulValue[0]=m_ulValue[0]|1;for(i=m_nLength-1;i>0;i--){m_ulValue[i]=m_ulValue[i]<<1;if(m_ulValue[i-1]&0x80000000)m_ulValue[i]++;}m_ulValue[0]=m_ulValue[0]<<1;m_ulValue[0]++;    for(i=0;i<550;i++){if(Mod(PrimeTable[i])==0)goto begin;}    CBigInt S,A,I,K;    K.Mov(*this);K.m_ulValue[0]--;    for(i=0;i<5;i++){        A.Mov(rand()*rand());    S.Mov(K.Div(2));    I.Mov(A.RsaTrans(S,*this));    if(((I.m_nLength!=1)||(I.m_ulValue[0]!=1))&&(I.Cmp(K)!=0))goto begin;}}int main(){int t;int i, j;CBigInt big_a, big_b, big_ans;char ans[2005], a[1005], b[1005];while (scanf("%d", &t) != EOF){for (i = 0; i<t; i++){if (i != 0)printf("/n");scanf("%s%s", a, b);big_a.Get(a);big_b.Get(b);big_ans = big_a.Add(big_b);big_ans.Put(ans);printf("Case %d:/n%s + %s = %s/n", i+1, a, b, ans);}}return 0;}



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