11.Spring + Hibernate + JPA

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1.配置JPA


在类路径(src)下,创建一个“META-INF”文件夹,再建立一个persistence.xml


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"             xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence                                http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"             version="1.0">    <persistence-unit name="ceshi_1" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">        <properties>            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/>            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"/>            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root"/>            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="root"/>            <property name="hibernate.connection.url"                      value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ceshi_1?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>            <property name="hibernate.max_fetch_depth" value="3"/>            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>        </properties>    </persistence-unit></persistence>


该文件就代替了( JDBC -> Hibernate二级缓存 )-> Spring的配置了。


这里就 JPA -> Spring 代替了上述配置。



然后在beans.xml修改:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans        xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">    <!-- 配置自动扫描bean 包含注解 -->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zyy.service"></context:component-scan>    <!-- 在spring中配置EntityManagerFactory -->    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean">        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="ceshi_1"/>    </bean>    <!-- 配置JPA事务 -->    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>    </bean>    <!-- 打开事务注解的支持 -->    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/></beans>

以上:

1.spring中配置EntityManagerFactory

2.配置JPA事务

3.打开事务注解的支持

4.配置自动扫描bean 包含注解







同样修改web.xml文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/jsp " version="2.5">    <!-- 指定spring的配置文件,默认从web根目录寻找配置文件,我们可以通过spring提供的classpath:前缀指定从类路径下寻找 -->    <context-param>        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>        <param-value>classpath:beans.xml</param-value>    </context-param>    <!-- 对Spring容器进行实例化 -->    <listener>        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>    </listener>    <!-- 使用spring解决struts1.3乱码问题 -->    <filter>        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>        <init-param>            <param-name>encoding</param-name>            <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>        </init-param>    </filter>    <filter-mapping>        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>    </filter-mapping>    <!-- 配置struts -->    <servlet>        <servlet-name>struts</servlet-name>        <servlet-class>org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet</servlet-class>        <init-param>            <param-name>config</param-name>            <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>        </init-param>        <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>    </servlet>    <servlet-mapping>        <servlet-name>struts</servlet-name>        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>    </servlet-mapping>    <!-- 使用spring解决JPA因EntityManager关闭导致的延迟加载例外问题 -->    <filter>        <filter-name>Spring OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name>        <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-class>    </filter>    <filter-mapping>        <filter-name>Spring OpenEntityManagerInViewFilter</filter-name>        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>    </filter-mapping></web-app>


新添加了 JPA的配置  spring解决JPA因EntityManager关闭导致的延迟加载例外问题



创建一个实体类(表)Person

package com.zyy.bean;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;import java.io.Serializable;/** * Created by CaMnter on 2014/8/26. *//** * JPA注解 标注 @Entity 指明这个类是一个实体类 * 说明该类会生成表 */@Entitypublic class Person implements Serializable{    private Integer id ;    private String name ;    public Person() {    }    public Person(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    /**     * JPA注解 标注 @Id 说明属性为Id     * JPA注解 标注 @GeneratedValue 说明属性为主键     * JPA注解 标注 @GeneratedValue 主键生成策略。     *     * @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.UUID)     * 表示 主键 生成为 16位随机乱码     *     * GeneratorType.AUTO表示实体标识由 OpenJPA 容器自动生成,     * 这也是 Strategy 属性的默认值。     * 自动的话 和hibernate的native生成策略相似     */    @Id    @GeneratedValue    public Integer getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    /**     * @Column(length = 10,nullable = false) 指定     *     * 长度为10 不为空     *     * @return     */    @Column(length = 10,nullable = false)    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Override    public boolean equals(Object o) {        if (this == o) return true;        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;        Person person = (Person) o;        if (!id.equals(person.id)) return false;        if (!name.equals(person.name)) return false;        return true;    }    @Override    public int hashCode() {        int result = id.hashCode();        result = 31 * result + name.hashCode();        return result;    }}

关于实体类(表)中的的JPA注解的解释和说明都写到了/**/注释里。





数据库操作的PersonServiceBean


package com.zyy.service.impl;import com.zyy.bean.Person;import com.zyy.service.PersonService;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;import java.util.List;/** * Created by CaMnter on 2014/8/22. */@Service("personService")@Transactionalpublic class PersonServiceBean implements PersonService {    /**     * JPA提供的 @PersistenceContext 注入EntityManager     * <p/>     * Spring中也有配置了     * <p/>     * org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean     * <p/>     * 中得到 EntityManager 对象     */    @PersistenceContext    EntityManager entityManager;    public void save(Person peroson) {        entityManager.persist(peroson);    }    public void update(Person peroson) {        entityManager.merge(peroson);    }    public void delete(Integer personId) {        entityManager.remove(entityManager.getReference(Person.class, personId));    }    @Override    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED, readOnly = true)    public Person getPerson(Integer personId) {        return entityManager.find(Person.class, personId);    }    @Override    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")    @Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED, readOnly = true)    public List<Person> getPersons() {        return entityManager.createQuery("select o from Person o").getResultList();    }}


这里采用了 JPA 提供的 entityManager。当然,这需要Spring对JPA的支持配置,所以

在beans.xml中配置了JPA。


从上面代码可以看出 使用 JPA 代替 Hibernate的 SessionFactory.getCurrentSession() 

查询方便得多了。


方便程度: JPA 的 entityManager> SessionFactory.getCurrentSession() 

 >JDBC 的 JdbcTemplate






Struts1.x配置文件修剪如下:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC        "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN"        "http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd"><struts-config>    <form-beans>    </form-beans>    <global-exceptions>    </global-exceptions>    <global-forwards>    </global-forwards>    <action-mappings>        <action path="/persons" type="com.zyy.service.action.PersonAction">            <forward name="list" path="/WEB-INF/jsp/personlist.jsp"></forward>        </action>    </action-mappings>    <!--在struts配置文件中添加进spring的请求控制器    该请法语控制器会先根据action的path属性值到spring    容器中寻找跟该属性值同名的bean。如果寻找到即使用该bean处理用户请求    -->    <controller>        <set-property property="processorClass" value="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingRequestProcessor"/>    </controller>    <!-- Struts资源文件配置 -->    <!--<message-resources parameter="resource.MessageResources"/>--></struts-config>



这是编写 配置文件需要的PersonAction

package com.zyy.service.action;import com.zyy.service.PersonService;import org.apache.struts.action.Action;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;/** * Created by CaMnter on 2014/8/26. *//* * Struts1.x 系列 不是线程安全的 因为每个请求都由同一个Action处理 * * 可以利用Spring bean 的属性scope=“prototype” 每次取得bean都是新的bean * * 当Struts 的Action 交给Spring处理的时候 可以采用bean 的属性scope=“prototype” 实现每个请求对应不同的Action * * @Scope("prototype") * */@Service("/persons")@Scope("prototype")public class PersonAction extends Action {    @Autowired    @Qualifier("personService")    private PersonService personService;    public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {        request.setAttribute("persons", this.personService.getPersons());        return mapping.findForward("list");    }}



同样,这个Action交给Spring管理的时候,注解命名@Service("/persons")必须

<action path="/persons" type="com.zyy.service.action.PersonAction">

中的path对应一致。@Scope("prototype"):Struts1.x 系列 不是线程安全的 因为

每个请求都由同一个Action处理,可以利用Spring bean 的属性scope=“prototype” 

每次取得bean都是新的bean,当Struts 的Action 交给Spring处理的时候 可以采用

bean 的属性scope=“prototype” 实现每个请求对应不同的Action








二.测试


输入:http://127.0.0.1:8080/SSJ/persons.do









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