Ubuntu下如何查看软件安装目录及安装版本

1.查询版本
1)首先安装aptitude  sudo apt-get install aptitude
aptitude show 软件名
例如：aptitude show zip 

显示如下：

****@ubuntu:~$ aptitude show zipPackage: zip                      State: installedAutomatically installed: yesVersion: 3.0-4Priority: optionalSection: utilsMaintainer: Ubuntu Developers <[e-mail]>Architecture: i386Uncompressed Size: 651 kDepends: libbz2-1.0, libc6 (>= 2.7)Recommends: unzipConflicts: zip-crypt (<= 2.30-2)Replaces: zip-crypt (<= 2.30-2)Description: Archiver for .zip files This is InfoZIP's zip program. It produces files that are fully compatible with the popular PKZIP program; however, the command line options are not identical. In other words, the end result is the same, but the methods differ. :-)   This version supports encryption.Homepage: http://www.info-zip.org/Zip.html

2)dpkg -l软件名
 例如：dpkg -l mcrypt

***@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -l mcrypt Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)||/ Name           Version        Description+++-==============-==============-============================================ii  mcrypt         2.6.8-1        Replacement for old unix crypt(1)

2.查询安装路径
1)dpkg -L 软件名
例如：dpkg -L mcrypt  

***@ubuntu:~$ dpkg -L mcrypt /./usr/usr/share/usr/share/man/usr/share/man/man1/usr/share/man/man1/mcrypt.1.gz/usr/share/locale/usr/share/locale/el/usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/usr/share/locale/el/LC_MESSAGES/mcrypt.mo/usr/share/locale/cs/usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/usr/share/locale/cs/LC_MESSAGES/mcrypt.mo/usr/share/locale/pl/usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/usr/share/locale/pl/LC_MESSAGES/mcrypt.mo/usr/share/locale/de/usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/usr/share/locale/de/LC_MESSAGES/mcrypt.mo/usr/share/locale/es_AR/usr/share/locale/es_AR/LC_MESSAGES/usr/share/locale/es_AR/LC_MESSAGES/mcrypt.mo/usr/share/locale/sv/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_MESSAGES/mcrypt.mo/usr/share/doc/usr/share/doc/mcrypt/usr/share/doc/mcrypt/README/usr/share/doc/mcrypt/TODO/usr/share/doc/mcrypt/copyright/usr/share/doc/mcrypt/changelog.gz/usr/share/doc/mcrypt/changelog.Debian.gz/usr/bin/usr/bin/mcrypt/usr/bin/crypt/usr/share/man/man1/crypt.1.gz/usr/share/man/man1/mdecrypt.1.gz/usr/bin/mdecrypt

或者
2)whereis 软件名
例如：whereis mcrypt

***@ubuntu:~$ whereis mcryptmcrypt: /usr/bin/mcrypt /usr/bin/X11/mcrypt /usr/share/man/man1/mcrypt.1.gz

终端
在终端下也可以很方便查看已安装的软件包版本号，也能单独查看所需要的软件包是否已安装和版本号，还能查看可升级的软件包。在终端下要实现这个目标就要用到一个软件工具叫做apt-show-versions，通过apt-get安装：
$sudo apt-get install apt-show-versions

或者单击下面图标安装（仅在Ubuntu下的Firefox有效）：
安装好之后就可以在终端下使用命令：
$apt-show-versions

来查看所有已安装的软件包和版本号，不过结果太多会一扫而过，加上终端的自有脚本more来打印每一屏的结果：
$apt-show-versions |more
这样子打印满一屏就暂停，按下回车键打印下一行，按下空格键打印下一屏，按下Q键退出打印结果。如果想查看单个软件包的版本，则使用命令：
$apt-show-versions –p <package>    //<package>是软件包名，不含符号
如果想查看可升级的软件包，则使用命令：
$apt-show-versions –u

其实有个更简单的方式
$sudo dpkg -l | grep <package>