SQLLDR用法和疑惑！

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在命令行环境下，键入SQLLDR出现如下的SQL语法说明：

SQL*Loader: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Sep 7 11:36:10 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...]
Valid Keywords:
    userid -- ORACLE username/password
   control -- Control file name
       log -- Log file name
       bad -- Bad file name
      data -- Data file name
   discard -- Discard file name
discardmax -- Number of discards to allow          (Default all)
      skip -- Number of logical records to skip    (Default 0)
      load -- Number of logical records to load    (Default all)
    errors -- Number of errors to allow            (Default 50)
      rows -- Number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves
               (Default: Conventional path 64, Direct path all)
bindsize -- Size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000)
    silent -- Suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions)
    direct -- use direct path                      (Default FALSE)
   parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications
parallel -- do parallel load                     (Default FALSE)
      file -- File to allocate extents from
skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE)
skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes, mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE)
commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE)
readsize -- Size of Read buffer                  (Default 1048576)
external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED, GENERATE_ONLY, EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED)
columnarrayrows -- Number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000)
streamsize -- Size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000)
multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path
resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE)
resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement
resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200)
date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000)

PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by
position or by keywords. An example of the former case is 'sqlldr
scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo
userid=scott/tiger'. One may specify parameters by position before
but not after parameters specified by keywords. For example,
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed, but
'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not, even though the
position of the parameter 'log' is correct.

因为需要向批处理传递参数，打算将控制文件的内容完全写在SQLLDR命令中，但是上网搜索后发现这样好像不行，控制文件是SQLLDR的核心，不能没有。最后还是决定调用ctl吧。

另外贴下SQLLDR的规则和例子：

sqlldr使用说明

sqlldr userid=lgone/tiger control=a.ctl
LOAD DATA
INFILE 't.dat' // 要导入的文件
// INFILE 'tt.date' // 导入多个文件
// INFILE * // 要导入的内容就在control文件里下面的BEGINDATA后面就是导入的内容

INTO TABLE table_name // 指定装入的表
BADFILE 'c:/bad.txt' // 指定坏文件地址

************* 以下是4种装入表的方式
APPEND // 原先的表有数据就加在后面
// INSERT // 装载空表如果原先的表有数据 sqlloader会停止默认值
// REPLACE // 原先的表有数据原先的数据会全部删除
// TRUNCATE // 指定的内容和replace的相同会用truncate语句删除现存数据

************* 指定的TERMINATED可以在表的开头也可在表的内部字段部分
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
// 装载这种数据: 10,lg,"""lg""","lg,lg"
// 在表中结果: 10 lg "lg" lg,lg
// TERMINATED BY X '09' // 以十六进制格式 '09' 表示的
// TERMINATED BY WRITESPACE // 装载这种数据: 10 lg lg

TRAILING NULLCOLS ************* 表的字段没有对应的值时允许为空

************* 下面是表的字段
(
col_1 , col_2 ,col_filler FILLER // FILLER 关键字此列的数值不会被装载
// 如: lg,lg,not 结果 lg lg
)
// 当没声明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' 时
// (
// col_1 [interger external] TERMINATED BY ',' ,
// col_2 [date "dd-mon-yyy"] TERMINATED BY ',' ,
// col_3 [char] TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY 'lg'
// )
// 当没声明FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','用位置告诉字段装载数据
// (
// col_1 position(1:2),
// col_2 position(3:10),
// col_3 position(*:16), // 这个字段的开始位置在前一字段的结束位置
// col_4 position(1:16),
// col_5 position(3:10) char(8) // 指定字段的类型
// )

BEGINDATA // 对应开始的 INFILE * 要导入的内容就在control文件里
10,Sql,what
20,lg,show

=====================================================================================
//////////// 注意begindata后的数值前面不能有空格

1 ***** 普通装载
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
(DEPTNO,
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,"""USA"""
20,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"
30,Consulting,Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia
50,"Finance","",Virginia // loc 列将为空
60,"Finance",,Virginia // loc 列将为空

2 ***** FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE 和 FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09' 的情况
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY WHITESPACE
-- FIELDS TERMINATED BY x'09'
(DEPTNO,
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
10 Sales Virginia

3 ***** 指定不装载那一列
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
( DEPTNO,
FILLER_1 FILLER, // 下面的 "Something Not To Be Loaded" 将不会被装载
DNAME,
LOC
)
BEGINDATA
20,Something Not To Be Loaded,Accounting,"Virginia,USA"

4 ***** position的列子
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
( DEPTNO position(1:2),
DNAME position(*:16), // 这个字段的开始位置在前一字段的结束位置
LOC position(*:29),
ENTIRE_LINE position(1:29)
)
BEGINDATA
10Accounting Virginia,USA

5 ***** 使用函数日期的一种表达 TRAILING NULLCOLS的使用
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS // 其实下面的ENTIRE_LINE在BEGINDATA后面的数据中是没有直接对应
// 的列的值的如果第一行改为 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000,, 就不用TRAILING NULLCOLS了
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)", // 使用函数
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy', // 日期的一种表达方式还有'dd-mon-yyyy' 等
ENTIRE_LINE ":deptno||:dname||:loc||:last_updated"
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
20,Accounting,Virginia,21/6/1999
30,Consulting,Virginia,5/1/2000
40,Finance,Virginia,15/3/2001

6 ***** 使用自定义的函数 // 解决的时间问题
create or replace
function my_to_date( p_string in varchar2 ) return date
as
type fmtArray is table of varchar2(25);

l_fmts fmtArray := fmtArray( 'dd-mon-yyyy', 'dd-month-yyyy',
'dd/mm/yyyy',
'dd/mm/yyyy hh24:mi:ss' );
l_return date;
begin
for i in 1 .. l_fmts.count
loop
begin
l_return := to_date( p_string, l_fmts(i) );
exception
when others then null;
end;
EXIT when l_return is not null;
end loop;

if ( l_return is null )
then
l_return :=
new_time( to_date('01011970','ddmmyyyy') + 1/24/60/60 *
p_string, 'GMT', 'EST' );
end if;

return l_return;
end;
/

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )" // 使用自定义的函数
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297
50,Finance,Virginia,02-apr-2001
60,Finance,Virginia,Not a date

7 ***** 合并多行记录为一行记录
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
concatenate 3 // 通过关键字concatenate 把几行的记录看成一行记录
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales, // 其实这3行看成一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
Virginia,
1/5/2000
// 这列子用 continueif list="," 也可以
告诉sqlldr在每行的末尾找逗号找到逗号就把下一行附加到上一行

LOAD DATA
INFILE *
continueif this(1:1) = '-' // 找每行的开始是否有连接字符 - 有就把下一行连接为一行
// 如 -10,Sales,Virginia,
// 1/5/2000 就是一行 10,Sales,Virginia,1/5/2000
// 其中1:1 表示从第一行开始并在第一行结束还有continueif next 但continueif list最理想
INTO TABLE DEPT
replace
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED date 'dd/mm/yyyy'
)
BEGINDATA // 但是好象不能象右面的那样使用
-10,Sales,Virginia, -10,Sales,Virginia,
1/5/2000 1/5/2000
-40, 40,Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001
Finance,Virginia,13/04/2001

8 ***** 载入每行的行号

load data
infile *
into table t
replace
( seqno RECNUM //载入每行的行号
text Position(1:1024))
BEGINDATA
fsdfasj //自动分配一行号给载入表t 的seqno字段此行为 1
fasdjfasdfl // 此行为 2 ...

9 ***** 载入有换行符的数据
注意: unix 和 windows 不同 //n & /n
< 1 > 使用一个非换行符的字符
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS "replace(:comments,'/n',chr(10))" // replace 的使用帮助转换换行符
)
BEGINDATA
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales/nOffice in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting/nOffice in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting/nOffice in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance/nOffice in Virginia

< 2 > 使用fix属性
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo17.dat "fix 101"
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo17.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia

// 这样装载会把换行符装入数据库下面的方法就不会但要求数据的格式不同

LOAD DATA
INFILE demo18.dat "fix 101"
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"'
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo18.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,"This is the Sales
Office in Virginia"
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,"This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia"
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,"This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia"
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,"This is the Finance
Office in Virginia"

< 3 > 使用var属性
LOAD DATA
INFILE demo19.dat "var 3"
// 3 告诉每个记录的前3个字节表示记录的长度如第一个记录的 071 表示此记录有 71 个字节
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo19.dat
07110,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia
07820,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia
08730,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia
07140,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia

< 4 > 使用str属性
// 最灵活的一中可定义一个新的行结尾符 win 回车换行 : chr(13)||chr(10)

此列中记录是以 a|/r/n 结束的
select utl_raw.cast_to_raw('|'||chr(13)||chr(10)) from dual;
结果 7C0D0A

LOAD DATA
INFILE demo20.dat "str X'7C0D0A'"
INTO TABLE DEPT
REPLACE
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ','
TRAILING NULLCOLS
(DEPTNO,
DNAME "upper(:dname)",
LOC "upper(:loc)",
LAST_UPDATED "my_to_date( :last_updated )",
COMMENTS
)
demo20.dat
10,Sales,Virginia,01-april-2001,This is the Sales
Office in Virginia|
20,Accounting,Virginia,13/04/2001,This is the Accounting
Office in Virginia|
30,Consulting,Virginia,14/04/2001 12:02:02,This is the Consulting
Office in Virginia|
40,Finance,Virginia,987268297,This is the Finance
Office in Virginia|

==============================================================================
象这样的数据用 nullif 子句

10-jan-200002350Flipper seemed unusually hungry today.
10510-jan-200009945Spread over three meals.

id position(1:3) nullif id=blanks // 这里可以是blanks 或者别的表达式
// 下面是另一个列子第一行的 1 在数据库中将成为 null
LOAD DATA
INFILE *
INTO TABLE T
REPLACE
(n position(1:2) integer external nullif n='1',
v position(3:8)
)
BEGINDATA
1 10
20lg