oracle在unix中的环境变量

?代表oracle_home @代表oracle_sid
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oracle使用的变量

Table 1-1 OracleDatabase Environment Variables

Variable

Detail

Definition

NLS_LANG

Function

Specifies the language, territory, and character set of the client environment. The character set specified by NLS_LANG must match the character set of the terminal or terminal emulator. The character set specified by NLS_LANG can be different from the database character set, in which case the character set is automatically converted.

Refer to Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for a list of values for this variable.

Syntax

language_territory.characterset

Example

french_france.we8dec

ORA_NLS10

Function

Specifies the directory where the language, territory, character set, and linguistic definition files are stored.

Syntax

directory_path

Example

$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data

ORA_TZFILE

Function

Specifies the full path and file name of the time zone file. You must set this environment variable if you want to use the small time zone file ($ORACLE_HOME/oracore/zoneinfo/timezone.dat) for data in the database. Oracle Database 10g uses the large time zone file by default ($ORACLE_HOME/oracore/zoneinfo/timezlrg.dat). This file contains information about more time zones than the small time zone file.

All databases that share information must use the same time zone file. You must stop and restart the database if you change the value of this environment variable.

Syntax

directory_path

Example

$ORACLE_HOME/oracore/zoneinfo/timezlrg.dat

ORACLE_BASE

Function

Specifies the base of the Oracle directory structure for Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) compliant installations.

Syntax

directory_path

Example

/u01/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME

Function

Specifies the directory containing the Oracle software.

Syntax

directory_path

Example

$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_PATH

Function

Specifies the search path for files used by Oracle applications such as SQL*Plus. If the full path to the file is not specified, or if the file is not in the current directory, then the Oracle application usesORACLE_PATH to locate the file.

Syntax

Colon-separated list of directories:

directory1:directory2:directory3

Example

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin:.

Note: The period adds the current working directory to the search path.

ORACLE_SID

Function

Specifies the Oracle system identifier.

Syntax

A string of numbers and letters that must begin with a letter. Oracle recommends a maximum of 8 characters for system identifiers. For more information about this environment variable, refer toOracle Database Installation Guide for Linux x86.

Example

SAL1

ORACLE_TRACE

Function

Enables the tracing of shell scripts during an installation. If it is set toT, then many Oracle shell scripts use theset -x command, which prints commands and their arguments as they are run. If it is set to any other value, or no value, then the scripts do not use theset -x command.

Syntax

T or not T

Example

T

ORAENV_ASK

Function

Controls whether the oraenv orcoraenv script prompts or does not prompt for the value of theORACLE_SID environment variable. If it is set toNO, then the scripts do not prompt for the value of theORACLE_SID environment variable. If it is set to any other value, or no value, then the scripts prompt for a value for theORACLE_SID environment variable.

Syntax

NO or not NO

Example

NO

SQLPATH

Function

Specifies the directory or list of directories that SQL*Plus searches for alogin.sql file.

Syntax

Colon-separated list of directories: directory1:directory2:directory3

Example

/home:/home/oracle:/u01/oracle

TNS_ADMIN

Function

Specifies the directory containing the Oracle Net Services configuration files.

Syntax

directory_path

Example

$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

TWO_TASK

Function

Specifies the default connect identifier to use in the connect string. If this environment variable is set, then do not specify the connect identifier in the connect string. For example, if theTWO_TASK environment variable is set to sales, then you can connect to a database by using theCONNECT username/password command rather than theCONNECTusername/password@sales command.

Syntax

Any connect identifier.

Range of Values

Any valid connect identifier that can be resolved by using a naming method, such as atnsnames.ora file or a directory server.

Example

PRODDB_TCP

 

unix上的环境变量

Table 1-2 EnvironmentVariables Used with Oracle Database

Variable

Detail

Definition

ADA_PATH (AIX only)

Function

Specifies the directory containing the Ada compiler.sm

Syntax

directory_path

Example

/usr/lpp/powerada

CLASSPATH

Function

Used with Java applications. The required setting for this variable depends on the Java application. Refer to the product documentation for your Java application for more information.

Syntax

Colon-separated list of directories or files: directory1:directory2:file1:file2

Example

There is no default setting. CLASSPATH must include the following directories:

$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

DISPLAY

Function

Used by X-based tools. Specifies the display device used for input and output. Refer to the X Window System documentation for information.

Syntax

hostname:server[.screen]

where hostname is the system name (either IP address or alias),server is the sequential code number for the server, andscreen is the sequential code number for the screen. If you use a single monitor, then use the value0 for both server and screen (0.0).

Note: If you use a single monitor, then screen is optional.

Example

135.287.222.12:0.0

bambi:0

DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH (Mac OS X only)

Function

Specifies the list of directories that the shared library loader searches to locate shared object libraries at run time. See thedyld man page for information about this environment variable.

Syntax

Colon-separated list of directories: directory1:directory2:directory3

Example

/usr/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib

HOME

Function

The home directory of the user.

Syntax

directory_path

Example

/home/oracle

LANG orLANGUAGE

Function

Specifies the language and character set used by the operating system for messages and other output. Refer to the operating system documentation for more information.

Note: This environment variable is not used on Apple Mac OS X.

LD_OPTIONS

Function

Specifies the default linker options. Refer to the ld man page for more information about this environment variable.

LPDEST (Solaris only)

Function

Specifies the name of the default printer.

Syntax

string

Example

docprinter

LD_LIBRARY_PATH (All platforms except AIX and Mac OS X.)

Function

Specifies the list of directories that the shared library loader searches to locate shared object libraries at run time. Refer to theld man page for information about this environment variable.

On HP-UX, specifies the path for 64-bit shared libraries.

Syntax

Colon-separated list of directories: directory1:directory2:directory3

Example

/usr/dt/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH_64 (SPARC systems only)

Function

Specifies the list of directories that the shared library loader searches to locate specific 64-bit shared object libraries at run time. Refer to theld man page for information about this environment variable.

Syntax

Colon separated list of directories: directory1:directory2:directory3

Example

/usr/dt/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib64

LIBPATH (AIX only)

Function

Specifies the list of directories that the shared library loader searches to locate shared object libraries at run time. Refer to theld man page for information about this environment variable.

Syntax

Colon-separated list of directories: directory1:directory2:directory3

Example

/usr/dt/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib

PATH

Function

Used by the shell to locate executable programs; must include the$ORACLE_HOME/bin directory.

Syntax

Colon-separated list of directories: directory1:directory2:directory3

Example

/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin/X11:$ORACLE_HOME/bin: $HOME/bin:.

Note: The period adds the current working directory to the search path.

PRINTER

Function

Specifies the name of the default printer.

Syntax

string

Example

docprinter

SHLIB_PATH (HP-UX 32-bit libraries only)

Function

Specifies the list of directories that the shared library loader searches to locate shared object libraries at run time. Refer to theld man page for information about this environment variable.

Syntax

Colon-separated list of directories: directory1:directory2:directory3

Example

/usr/dt/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32

TEMP,TMP, andTMPDIR

Function

Specifies the default directories for temporary files; if set, tools that create temporary files create them in one of these directories.

Syntax

directory_path

Example

/u02/oracle/tmp

XENVIRONMENT

Function

Specifies a file containing X Window System resource definitions. Refer to the X Window System documentation for more information.

 

db_block_size，在linux上最大值是16KB,在aix，hp-ux和tru64上是32KB
asm_diskstring的值

Table 1-3 Default Values of the ASM_DISKSTRING Initialization Parameter

PlatformDefault Search String

AIX

/dev/rhdisk*

HP-UX

/dev/rdsk/*

Linux

/dev/raw/*

Mac OS X

/dev/rdisk*s*s1

Solaris

/dev/rdsk/*

Tru64 UNIX

/dev/rdisk/*

log_archive_dest_n参数

The maximum value that you can set for ASYNC in the LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n initialization parameter differs on UNIX platforms as listed in the following table.

PlatformMaximum ValuezSeries Linux12800HP-UX and Tru64 UNIX51200Other operating systems102400

oracle的用户组

Table 1-4 Operating System Groups

GroupTypical NameDescription

OSDBA

dba

Operating system accounts that are members of the OSDBA group have special database privileges. Members of this group can connect to the database using the SYSDBA privilege. The Oracle software owner is the only required member of this group. You can add other accounts as required.

OSOPER

oper

The OSOPER group is an optional group. Operating system accounts that are members of the OSOPER group have special database privileges. Members of this group can connect to the database using the SYSOPER privilege.

Oracle Inventory

oinstall

All users installing Oracle software must belong to the same operating system group. This group is called the Oracle Inventory group. It must be the primary group of the Oracle software owner during installations. After the installation, this group owns all the Oracle files installed on the system.