rman初级知识（读书笔记）
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《三思笔记》--rman
进入rman，我自己本地就一个实例，那么进入rman有两种方式
[oracle@cindy ~]$ rman target /Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Aug 30 04:55:59 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4252637343)RMAN> exitRecovery Manager complete.
这种等价于下面
[oracle@cindy ~]$ rmanRecovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Sat Aug 30 04:57:03 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.RMAN> connect target /connected to target database: ORA11G (DBID=4252637343)
如果想暂时退出rman进入操作系统，则如下
RMAN> host;[oracle@cindy ~]$ exitexithost command completeRMAN>
需要批处理一些命令的时候，可以将命令放在run{}中，保存为一个脚本，直接调用
-------------------------------------------------华丽的分割线------------------------上面是简单的操作方式----------------------------------------------
下面开始介绍备份的初级演练
1、整库的备份
只需要一条命令，可以同format参数来定义备份片段的路径（绝对路径）
建一个文件夹用来放备份的内容
RMAN> host;[oracle@cindy ~]$ pwd/u01/oracle[oracle@cindy ~]$ rmdir rman_test[oracle@cindy ~]$ lsapp autorman database Desktop ldr_case1.ctl ldr_case1.log p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip rmanjiaoben[oracle@cindy ~]$ mkdir rman_test[oracle@cindy ~]$ exitexithost command completeRMAN> backup database format '/u01/oracle/rman_test/bak_%U';Starting backup at 30-AUG-14using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setinput datafile file number=00001 name=/u02/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbfinput datafile file number=00002 name=/u02/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbfinput datafile file number=00005 name=/u02/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbfinput datafile file number=00003 name=/u02/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbfinput datafile file number=00004 name=/u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbfchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-AUG-14channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u01/oracle/rman_test/bak_15ph7hli_1_1 tag=TAG20140830T051426 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:48Finished backup at 30-AUG-14Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u02/rmanbak/c-4252637343-20140830-01 comment=NONEFinished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14
查看创建的全库备份，用list命令查看
RMAN> list backup of database;List of Backup Sets===================BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------36 Full 1.21G DISK 00:03:43 30-AUG-14 BP Key: 36 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140830T051426 Piece Name: /u01/oracle/rman_test/bak_15ph7hli_1_1 List of Datafiles in backup set 36 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 1 Full 1497515 30-AUG-14 /u02/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf 2 Full 1497515 30-AUG-14 /u02/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf 3 Full 1497515 30-AUG-14 /u02/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf 4 Full 1497515 30-AUG-14 /u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf 5 Full 1497515 30-AUG-14 /u02/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbfRMAN>明显通过看piece name即可看到备份集所在的位置
2、表空间的备份
（备份USERS表空间）
建一个目录用来放表空间备份的东西，大致步骤同上
RMAN> host;[oracle@cindy ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/rman_test[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ lsbak_15ph7hli_1_1[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ mkdir rman_tablespace[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ lsbak_15ph7hli_1_1 rman_tablespace[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ exitexithost command completeRMAN> backup tablespace users format '/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_tablespace/tbls_%U';Starting backup at 30-AUG-14using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setinput datafile file number=00004 name=/u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbfchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-AUG-14channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_tablespace/tbls_17ph7irl_1_1 tag=TAG20140830T053445 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07Finished backup at 30-AUG-14Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u02/rmanbak/c-4252637343-20140830-02 comment=NONEFinished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;List of Backup Sets===================BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------36 Full 1.21G DISK 00:03:43 30-AUG-14 BP Key: 36 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140830T051426 Piece Name: /u01/oracle/rman_test/bak_15ph7hli_1_1 List of Datafiles in backup set 36 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 4 Full 1497515 30-AUG-14 /u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbfBS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------38 Full 24.87M DISK 00:00:06 30-AUG-14 BP Key: 38 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140830T053445 Piece Name: /u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_tablespace/tbls_17ph7irl_1_1 List of Datafiles in backup set 38 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 4 Full 1498329 30-AUG-14 /u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf显然，可以看到，USERS表空间存在两份备份，
一份目录是
/u01/oracle/rman_test/bak_15ph7hli_1_1
一份目录是
/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_tablespace/tbls_17ph7irl_1_1是因为在前面执行过全库备份，所以这里，可以删除一份备份，命令如下
RMAN> delete backupset 38;using channel ORA_DISK_1List of Backup PiecesBP Key BS Key Pc# Cp# Status Device Type Piece Name------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------38 38 1 1 AVAILABLE DISK /u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_tablespace/tbls_17ph7irl_1_1Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? Do you really want to delete the above objects (enter YES or NO)? Ydeleted backup piecebackup piece handle=/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_tablespace/tbls_17ph7irl_1_1 RECID=38 STAMP=856935285Deleted 1 objects
3、数据文件的备份
有两种方式指定数据文件的名称，即数据文件的详细路径和file_id，这两个信息可以从数据字典DBA_DATA_FILES中查到，也可以通过观察，在前面的全库备份中，已经显示了数据文件名和序号
备份users表空间的数据文件
基本操作也同上
RMAN> host;[oracle@cindy ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/rman_test[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ lsbak_15ph7hli_1_1 rman_tablespace[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ mkdir rman_datafile[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ lsbak_15ph7hli_1_1 rman_datafile rman_tablespace[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ exitexithost command completeRMAN> backup datafile 4 format'/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_datafile/bak_%U';Starting backup at 30-AUG-14using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setinput datafile file number=00004 name=/u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbfchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-AUG-14channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_datafile/bak_1aph7k6t_1_1 tag=TAG20140830T055749 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07Finished backup at 30-AUG-14Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u02/rmanbak/c-4252637343-20140830-03 comment=NONEFinished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14这里的4可以替换成'/u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf'
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;List of Backup Sets===================BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------36 Full 1.21G DISK 00:03:43 30-AUG-14 BP Key: 36 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140830T051426 Piece Name: /u01/oracle/rman_test/bak_15ph7hli_1_1 List of Datafiles in backup set 36 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 4 Full 1497515 30-AUG-14 /u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbfBS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------40 Full 24.87M DISK 00:00:06 30-AUG-14 BP Key: 40 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140830T055749 Piece Name: /u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_datafile/bak_1aph7k6t_1_1 List of Datafiles in backup set 40 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ---- 4 Full 1499208 30-AUG-14 /u02/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf
4、控制文件的备份
操作步骤即命令也同上类似
RMAN> host;[oracle@cindy ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/rman_test[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ lsbak_15ph7hli_1_1 rman_datafile rman_tablespace[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ mkdir rman_ctl[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ lsbak_15ph7hli_1_1 rman_ctl rman_datafile rman_tablespace[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ exitexithost command completeRMAN> backup current controlfile format '/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_ctl/bak_%U';Starting backup at 30-AUG-14using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setincluding current control file in backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-AUG-14channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_ctl/bak_1dph7m0t_1_1 tag=TAG20140830T062845 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03Finished backup at 30-AUG-14Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u02/rmanbak/c-4252637343-20140830-04 comment=NONEFinished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14
在执行backup命令的时候，可以指定include current controlfile子句
例如backuo database include current controlfile;
不仅限于database，执行backup命令备份任何文件时都可以指定include current controlfile子句，甚至是backup current controlfile
如
RMAN> backup current controlfile include current controlfile format '/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_ctl/bak_%U';Starting backup at 30-AUG-14using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setincluding current control file in backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-AUG-14channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_ctl/bak_1hph7m9o_1_1 tag=TAG20140830T063328 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03Finished backup at 30-AUG-14Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u02/rmanbak/c-4252637343-20140830-06 comment=NONEFinished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14RMAN> host;[oracle@cindy ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_ctl[oracle@cindy rman_ctl]$ lsbak_1hph7m9o_1_1[oracle@cindy rman_ctl]$ exitexithost command completeRMAN> list backup of controlfile;
5、归档文件的备份
rman中备份归档日志文件有两种方式
（1）利用backup archivelog命令备份
RMAN> host;[oracle@cindy ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/rman_test[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ lsbak_15ph7hli_1_1 rman_ctl rman_datafile rman_tablespace[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ mkdir rman_archive[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ lsbak_15ph7hli_1_1 rman_archive rman_ctl rman_datafile rman_tablespace[oracle@cindy rman_test]$ exitexithost command completeRMAN> backup archivelog all format '/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_archive/bak_%U';Starting backup at 30-AUG-14current log archivedusing target database control file instead of recovery catalogallocated channel: ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=59 device type=DISKchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=37 RECID=30 STAMP=856917213input archived log thread=1 sequence=38 RECID=31 STAMP=856939417input archived log thread=1 sequence=39 RECID=32 STAMP=856939529input archived log thread=1 sequence=40 RECID=33 STAMP=856939605input archived log thread=1 sequence=41 RECID=34 STAMP=856939761channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-AUG-14channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_archive/bak_1nph7n7i_1_1 tag=TAG20140830T064921 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07Finished backup at 30-AUG-14Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u02/rmanbak/c-4252637343-20140830-08 comment=NONEFinished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14
backup archivelog命令比较灵活，all是指备份当前所有可访问到的归档文件，还可以通过until,scn,time,sequence等参数灵活指定要备份的归档区间
（2）执行backup命令时指定plus archiverlog子句
RMAN> backup current controlfile plus archivelog format '/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_archive/plus_%U';Starting backup at 30-AUG-14current log archivedusing channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=37 RECID=30 STAMP=856917213input archived log thread=1 sequence=38 RECID=31 STAMP=856939417input archived log thread=1 sequence=39 RECID=32 STAMP=856939529input archived log thread=1 sequence=40 RECID=33 STAMP=856939605input archived log thread=1 sequence=41 RECID=34 STAMP=856939761input archived log thread=1 sequence=42 RECID=35 STAMP=856940080channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-AUG-14channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_archive/plus_1pph7nhg_1_1 tag=TAG20140830T065440 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03Finished backup at 30-AUG-14Starting backup at 30-AUG-14using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setincluding current control file in backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-AUG-14channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u01/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORA11G/backupset/2014_08_30/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20140830T065444_b0215o57_.bkp tag=TAG20140830T065444 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03Finished backup at 30-AUG-14Starting backup at 30-AUG-14current log archivedusing channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=43 RECID=36 STAMP=856940088channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 30-AUG-14channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_archive/plus_1rph7nho_1_1 tag=TAG20140830T065448 comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 30-AUG-14Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14piece handle=/u02/rmanbak/c-4252637343-20140830-09 comment=NONEFinished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 30-AUG-14
backup......plus archiverlog命令在备份过程中会依次执行下列步骤：
1）运行alter system archive log current 语句对当前redolog进行归档
2）执行backup archivelog all命令备份所有已归档的日志
3）执行backup命令对指定项进行备份
4）再次运行alter system archive log current 语句对当前redolog归档
5）对新生成的尚未备份的归档文件进行备份
完成归档日志文件备份后，需要删除已备份过的归档文件。
命令backup ...............delete all input，会在完成备份后自动删除归档目录中已备份的归档日志
RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;List of Backup Sets===================BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------50 32.17M DISK 00:00:06 30-AUG-14 BP Key: 50 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140830T064921 Piece Name: /u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_archive/bak_1nph7n7i_1_1 List of Archived Logs in backup set 50 Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- 1 37 1484568 30-AUG-14 1484590 30-AUG-14 1 38 1484590 30-AUG-14 1504942 30-AUG-14 1 39 1504942 30-AUG-14 1505018 30-AUG-14 1 40 1505018 30-AUG-14 1505065 30-AUG-14 1 41 1505065 30-AUG-14 1505155 30-AUG-14BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------52 32.33M DISK 00:00:03 30-AUG-14 BP Key: 52 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140830T065440 Piece Name: /u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_archive/plus_1pph7nhg_1_1 List of Archived Logs in backup set 52 Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- 1 37 1484568 30-AUG-14 1484590 30-AUG-14 1 38 1484590 30-AUG-14 1504942 30-AUG-14 1 39 1504942 30-AUG-14 1505018 30-AUG-14 1 40 1505018 30-AUG-14 1505065 30-AUG-14 1 41 1505065 30-AUG-14 1505155 30-AUG-14 1 42 1505155 30-AUG-14 1505416 30-AUG-14BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------54 2.50K DISK 00:00:00 30-AUG-14 BP Key: 54 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20140830T065448 Piece Name: /u01/oracle/rman_test/rman_archive/plus_1rph7nho_1_1 List of Archived Logs in backup set 54 Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- --------- 1 43 1505416 30-AUG-14 1505427 30-AUG-14
明显看到plus_开头的比bak_开头的scn多两个
6、初始化参数文件的备份
通常在备份控制文件时，rman也会自动备份服务器端的初始化参数文件，并置于控制文件相同的备份片段中，因此极少需要单独对spfile进行备份，如果确实想单独备份也简单，直接使用backup spfile命令即可
操作过程同上
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