hibernate之利用配置文件和annotation往数据库里插入数据

        大三学了javaEE三大框架，但课上只着重讲了struts，hibernate讲了一点，已经忘记的差不多了。马上就要找工作了，重新捧起hibernate自学，今天是第一天，希望能有个好开始。

         惯例是先介绍开发环境是：hibernate-annotations-3.4.0.GA，hibernate-distribution-3.3.2.GA，slf4j-1.5.8，JDK1.6，MySQL5.0，myeclipse10.0。

         先介绍使用配置文件来往数据库里插入数据：

         利用MySQL创建_Student表：      

create table _Student(_id int primary key,_name varchar(20),_age int);

         进入myeclipse先建个java project命名为：Test_001,然后导包：以前导包都是通过Bulid Path->add External jars，现在介绍个使用user library添加jar的新方法:

1.点击Myeclipse的window菜单，选择“Preference” 
2.在preferences窗口中选择java->User Libraries,然后点击窗口右边的New...按钮，在弹出的子窗口中输入user library的名称，此时在user libraries窗口中会出现新加的 
library名称。 
3.向该user library中添加jar包。选中hibernate，然后点击Add JARS...按钮，选择你要添加的jar后，点击“打开”按钮，则hibernate库中就会出现你刚添加的jar文件信息。 
4.最后点击窗口下的“OK”按钮，完成user library的添加和其jar的添加。 

将user lirbrary添加到工程里面：

1.鼠标右键单击要添加user library库的工程名称，然后点击Build Path->Add Libraries....菜单， 
   2.在弹出的子窗口中选中User Library，单击Next按钮，在新窗口中选中你要加入的library名称后点击finish按钮即可，这样就在该工程下 会出现你刚加入的library名称。 

         接着介绍一下我的user library库中所包含的包：slf4j-1.5.8包里的slf4j-nop-1.5.8.jar，hibernate-distribution-3.3.2.GA包根目录里的hibernate3.jar，lib里的required包里的antlr-2.7.6.jar，commons-collections-3.1.jar，dom4j-1.6.1.jar，javassist-3.9.0.GA.jar，jta-1.1.jar，slf4j-api-1.5.8.jar。要连接MySQL数据库当然少不了数据库连接驱动:mysql-connector-java-3.1.13-bin.jar,这个就不需要放到user library库里了，直接通过add external jars方法导入即可。

         开发环境介绍完了，果断进入正题：

         建包:com.hibernate.model，然后创建个Student类：     

package com.hibernate.model;public class Student {private int id;private String name;private int age;public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}}

        然后创建配置文件，从路径hibernate-distribution-3.3.2.GA/documentation/manual/zh-CN/html/index.html里找到hibernate官方提供的配置文件格式创建配置文件:hibernate.cfg.xml，然后修改,代码如下：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-configuration>    <session-factory>        <!-- Database connection settings -->        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://192.168.199.230/hibernate</property>        <property name="connection.username">root</property>        <property name="connection.password">1</property>        <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->        <!--  <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>-->        <!-- SQL dialect -->        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>        <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->        <!--  <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>-->        <!-- Disable the second-level cache  -->        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->        <property name="show_sql">true</property>        <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->        <!-- <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> -->        <mapping resource="com/hibernate/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>        <mapping class="com.hibernate.model.Teacher"></mapping>    </session-factory></hibernate-configuration>

创建映射文件Student.hbm.xml，将数据库里的_Student表和Student类映射起来(同理从官方文档里找参考配置文件)：

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-mapping package="com.hibernate.model"><class name="Student" table="_Student"><id name="id" column="_id"></id><property name="name" column="_name"></property><property name="age" column="_age"></property></class></hibernate-mapping>

最后就是创建StudentTest来测试连接了，代码如下：

package com.hibernate.huanglei;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import com.hibernate.model.Student;public class StudentTest {public static void main(String[] args) {Student s=new Student();s.setId(1120010109);s.setName("huanglei");s.setAge(23);Configuration cfg = new Configuration();SessionFactory sf = cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();Session session=sf.openSession();session.beginTransaction();session.save(s);session.getTransaction().commit();session.close();sf.close();}}

最后亮成果：

       接着介绍annotation添加数据：

       惯例：先配置开发环境，往user library里再添加几个annotation必须的包：dom4j.jar，ejb3-persistence.jar，hibernate-commons-annotations.jar，hibernate-core.jar，slf4j-api.jar，hibernate-annotations.jar。

      创建_Teacher表：

create table _Teacher(_id int primary key,_name varchar(20),_title varchar(20));

    创建Teacher类：

package com.hibernate.model;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.Table;@Entity@Table(name="_teacher")public class Teacher {private int id;private String name;private String title;@Id@Column(name="_id")public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}@Column(name = "_name")public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}@Column(name = "_title")public String getTitle() {return title;}public void setTitle(String title) {this.title = title;}}

创建配置文件：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-configuration>    <session-factory>        <!-- Database connection settings -->        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://192.168.199.230/hibernate</property>        <property name="connection.username">root</property>        <property name="connection.password">1</property>        <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->        <!--  <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>-->        <!-- SQL dialect -->        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>        <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->        <!--  <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>-->        <!-- Disable the second-level cache  -->        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->        <property name="show_sql">true</property>        <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->        <!-- <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> -->        <mapping resource="com/hibernate/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>        <mapping class="com.hibernate.model.Teacher"></mapping>    </session-factory></hibernate-configuration>

创建TeacherTest类：

package com.hibernate.huanglei;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;import com.hibernate.model.Teacher;public class TeacherTest {public static void main(String[] args) {Teacher t = new Teacher();t.setId(4);t.setName("yy");t.setTitle("高级");//此处与使用xml配置文件方式不同Configuration cfg = new AnnotationConfiguration();SessionFactory sf = cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();Session session = sf.openSession();session.beginTransaction();session.save(t);session.getTransaction().commit();session.close();sf.close();}}

亮成果：

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