android 蓝牙开发

android蓝牙可以进行短距离的数据传输（10m内），所以可用于智能控制。

研究了几天，mark一下具体的操作；

1、蓝牙相关的类

1）BluetoothAdapter ：操作本机的蓝牙

1.1）获取本机蓝牙：BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); 如果返回null,则表示此手机不支持蓝牙。

1.2）开启蓝牙：

                                              Intent intent=new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);

                                              startActivity(intent);

1.3）获取已配对的设备：bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();返回Set<BluetoothDevice>；

1.4）根据物理地址获取蓝牙设备：bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(device.getAddress());返回BluetoothDevice；

1.5）根据bluetoothDevice.createInsecureRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID);获取BluetoothSocket；

2）BluetoothSocket／BluetoothServerSocket：用于蓝牙间的数据通信；用法类似于Socket／ServerSocket;具体可参见API。

2、代码实现

写了一个简单的蓝牙通信程序，代码如下：

1）权限设置：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />//作为服务器端时的权限

2）扫描所有可用设备：

bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();获取已配对的设备；

bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();获取可配对的设备。注册一个广播接收器捕获设备发现其他蓝牙设备的时候发出的广播；

点击蓝牙设备，进入通信界面；

package com.dream.bluetoothcontrol;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Set;import android.app.Activity;import android.app.AlertDialog;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.DialogInterface;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.IntentFilter;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.AdapterView;import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.ListView;public class MainActivity extends Activity {private ListView listview;private Button btnSearch;private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;private ArrayList<Device> deviceList=new ArrayList<Device>();private DeviceAdapter deviceAdapter;private DeviceSearchBroadcastReceiver receiver;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.device_found_fragment);init();}private void init() {bluetoothAdapter=BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();// no blueToothif(bluetoothAdapter==null){showPromptDialog(getResources().getString(R.string.msg_no_support_bluetooth));}receiver=new DeviceSearchBroadcastReceiver();IntentFilter filter=new IntentFilter();filter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);filter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);this.registerReceiver(receiver,filter);initView();}private void initView() {listview=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv_devicefound_devicelist);deviceAdapter=new DeviceAdapter(deviceList, this);listview.setAdapter(deviceAdapter);listview.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> arg0, View arg1, int arg2,long arg3) {if(deviceAdapter.getItem(arg2).getType()==DeviceAdapter.VIEW_TYPE_DEVICE)clickItem(deviceAdapter.getItem(arg2));}});btnSearch=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_devicefound_search);btnSearch.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {searchBoundedDevice();}});}protected void searchBoundedDevice() {if(bluetoothAdapter.isDiscovering()){}else{deviceList.clear();Set<BluetoothDevice> btdSet=bluetoothAdapter.getBondedDevices();deviceList.add(new Device("Bounded Device",null,true,DeviceAdapter.VIEW_TYPE_HEADER));if(btdSet.size()>0){for(BluetoothDevice btd : btdSet){Device device=new Device();device.setName(btd.getName());device.setAddress(btd.getAddress());device.setSiri(true);device.setType(deviceAdapter.VIEW_TYPE_DEVICE);deviceList.add(device);}deviceAdapter.dataChanged(deviceList);listview.setSelection(listview.getCount()-1);}deviceList.add(new Device("Avaliable Device",null,false,DeviceAdapter.VIEW_TYPE_HEADER));bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();}}@Overrideprotected void onStart() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onStart();// open bluetoothif(!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()){Intent intent=new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);startActivity(intent);}}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onDestroy();this.unregisterReceiver(receiver);}private void showPromptDialog(String msg){AlertDialog.Builder builder=new AlertDialog.Builder(this);builder.setTitle("Tips");builder.setMessage(msg);builder.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {finish();}});builder.show();}private void clickItem(Device device) {Intent intent=new Intent(MainActivity.this,ChatActivity.class);intent.putExtra("device", device);startActivity(intent);}class DeviceSearchBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {String action=intent.getAction();Device boundedDevice=new Device();// find a new device add into the devicelistif(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)){BluetoothDevice device=intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);if(device.getBondState()!=BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED){boundedDevice.setName(device.getName());boundedDevice.setAddress(device.getAddress());boundedDevice.setSiri(false);boundedDevice.setType(DeviceAdapter.VIEW_TYPE_DEVICE);}}else if(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)){if(listview.getCount()==0){boundedDevice.setName("no device to bound");boundedDevice.setAddress("");boundedDevice.setSiri(false);boundedDevice.setType(DeviceAdapter.VIEW_TYPE_DEVICE);deviceList.add(boundedDevice);}}deviceList.add(boundedDevice);deviceAdapter.dataChanged(deviceList);listview.setSelection(listview.getCount()-1);}}}

3）与其他蓝牙设备进行通信：

获取BluetoothSocket来进行通信；使用Handler进行UI操作；

package com.dream.bluetoothcontrol;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.UUID;import android.annotation.SuppressLint;import android.app.Activity;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothSocket;import android.content.Context;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.view.inputmethod.InputMethodManager;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.ListView;import android.widget.Toast;public class ChatActivity extends Activity {private ListView listView;private Button btnSend;private EditText etSend;private ArrayList<SiriMessage> msgList = new ArrayList<ChatActivity.SiriMessage>();private ChatMsgAdapter adapter;private Device device;private BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter;private BluetoothDevice btd;private BluetoothSocket socket;private ConnectionThread connectionThread;private ReceiveThread receiveThread;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.chat_fragment);device = (Device) this.getIntent().getSerializableExtra("device");initView();initSocket();}private void initView() {listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_chatFragment_chatlist);adapter = new ChatMsgAdapter(msgList, this);listView.setAdapter(adapter);etSend = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_chatfragment_sendmsg);btnSend = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_chatfragment_send);btnSend.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {sendMessage();}});}protected void sendMessage() {String msgToSend = etSend.getText().toString();if (msgToSend.length() > 0) {sendMessage(msgToSend);etSend.getText().clear();InputMethodManager manager = (InputMethodManager) getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);manager.hideSoftInputFromWindow(etSend.getWindowToken(), 0);} else {Toast.makeText(ChatActivity.this,"the messge to send cannot be null", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();}}@SuppressLint("NewApi")public void sendMessage(final String msg) {if (socket == null) {Toast.makeText(ChatActivity.this, "no connection",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();return;}try {OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();os.write(msg.getBytes());handler.obtainMessage(1, msg).sendToTarget();} catch (IOException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}}@SuppressLint("NewApi")private void initSocket() {bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();btd = bluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(device.getAddress());connectionThread = new ConnectionThread();connectionThread.start();}@Overrideprotected void onResume() {// TODO Auto-generated method stubsuper.onResume();}protected void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();new Thread() {@Overridepublic void run() {try {if (connectionThread != null) {connectionThread.interrupt();connectionThread = null;}if (receiveThread != null) {receiveThread.interrupt();receiveThread = null;}if (socket != null) {try {socket.close();} catch (IOException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}socket = null;}} catch (Exception e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}}}.start();};class ConnectionThread extends Thread {@SuppressLint("NewApi")@Overridepublic void run() {try {socket = btd.createInsecureRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString(Const.uuid));handler.obtainMessage(0, "connecting,please wait a second").sendToTarget();socket.connect();handler.obtainMessage(0, "connected success").sendToTarget();receiveThread = new ReceiveThread();receiveThread.start();} catch (Exception e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();handler.obtainMessage(0, "there are some mistake please try again").sendToTarget();}}}class ReceiveThread extends Thread {@Overridepublic void run() {InputStream is = null;try {is = socket.getInputStream();} catch (Exception e2) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke2.printStackTrace();}byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];int len;while (true) {try {if ((len = is.read(buffer)) > 0) {byte[] data = new byte[len];for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {data[i] = buffer[i];}String msg = new String(data);handler.obtainMessage(0, msg).sendToTarget();}} catch (Exception e) {try {is.close();} catch (Exception e1) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke1.printStackTrace();}}}}}class SendThread extends Thread {private String msg;public SendThread(String msg) {this.msg = msg;}@Overridepublic void run() {try {OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();os.write(msg.getBytes());handler.obtainMessage(1, msg).sendToTarget();} catch (IOException e) {// TODO Auto-generated catch blocke.printStackTrace();}}}Handler handler = new Handler() {public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {String sms = (String) msg.obj;SiriMessage sm = null;switch (msg.what) {case 0:sm = new SiriMessage(sms, false);break;case 1:sm = new SiriMessage(sms, true);break;}msgList.add(sm);adapter.dataChanged(msgList);};};class SiriMessage {private String msg;private boolean isSiri;public SiriMessage(String msg, boolean isSiri) {super();this.msg = msg;this.isSiri = isSiri;}public String getMsg() {return msg;}public void setMsg(String msg) {this.msg = msg;}public boolean isSiri() {return isSiri;}public void setSiri(boolean isSiri) {this.isSiri = isSiri;}}}

4）效果图

在进行测试的过程中，如果没有两台手机，可以使用串口小助手，在PC端设置一个蓝牙接收器，就可以很方便的进行测试了

其他相关的蓝牙开发资料：

常用API：http://blog.csdn.net/xingfuyusheng/article/details/6745560