一些C函数的用法(笔记)

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(1)fscanf sscanf

    FILE *in = fopen ("/proc/uptime", "r");
    long uptim = 0, a, b;
    if (in)
      {
   if (2 == fscanf (in, "%ld.%ld", &a, &b))
     uptim = a * 100 + b;
   fclose (in);
      }

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  file = fopen("/proc/stat", "r");

    if (file == 0)
    {
        printf("file:/proc/stat not exist/n");
        return ;
    }

    char line[512];

    // 获取相关数据
    while (line == fgets(line, 512, file))
    {
        if (4 == sscanf(line, "cpu  %lu %lu %lu %lu", &cpuInfo.CpuUser,&cpuInfo.CpuNice,
                        &cpuInfo.CpuSystem,&cpuInfo.CpuIdel))
        {
            break;
        }
    }

(2)strtok 与strtok_
我们有一段字符串 "Fred male 25,John male 62,Anna female 16" 我们希望把这个字符串整理输入到一个struct,

 
struct person {
    char [25] name ;
    char [6] sex;
    char [4] age;
}
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define INFO_MAX_SZ 255
int main()
{
  int in=0;
  char buffer[INFO_MAX_SZ]="Fred male 25,John male 62,Anna female 16";
  char *p[20];
  char *buf=buffer;

  while((p[in]=strtok(buf,","))!=NULL) {
            buf=p[in];
            while((p[in]=strtok(buf," "))!=NULL) {
                      in++;
                      buf=NULL;
                   }
                p[in++]="***"; //表现分割
                buf=NULL; }

  printf("Here we have %d strings/n",i);
  for (int j=0; j<in; j++)
        printf(">%s</n",p[j]);
  return 0;
}
这个程序输出为:
Here we have 4 strings
>Fred<
>male<
>25<
>***<
这只是一小段的数据,并不是我们需要的。但这是为什么呢? 这是因为strtok使用一个static(静态)指针来操作数据,让我来分析一下以上代码的运行过程:

红色为strtok的内置指针指向的位置蓝色为strtok对字符串的修改

1. "Fred male 25,John male 62,Anna female 16" //外循环

2. "Fred male 25/0John male 62,Anna female 16" //进入内循环

3.   "Fred/0male 25/0John male 62,Anna female 16"

4.   "Fred/0male/025/0John male 62,Anna female 16"

5 "Fred/0male/025/0John male 62,Anna female 16" //内循环遇到"/0"回到外循环

6  "Fred/0male/025/0John male 62,Anna female 16" //外循环遇到"/0"运行结束。

3. 使用strtok_r
在这种情况我们应该使用strtok_r, strtok reentrant.
char *strtok_r(char *s, const char *delim, char **ptrptr);

相对strtok我们需要为strtok提供一个指针来操作,而不是像strtok使用配套的指针。
代码:
 
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define INFO_MAX_SZ 255
int main()
{
  int in=0;
  char buffer[INFO_MAX_SZ]="Fred male 25,John male 62,Anna female 16";
  char *p[20];
  char *buf=buffer;

  char *outer_ptr=NULL;
  char *inner_ptr=NULL;

  while((p[in]=strtok_r(buf,",",&outer_ptr))!=NULL) {
            buf=p[in];
            while((p[in]=strtok_r(buf," ",&inner_ptr))!=NULL) {
                      in++;
                      buf=NULL;
                   }
                p[in++]="***";
                buf=NULL; }

  printf("Here we have %d strings/n",i);
  for (int j=0; jn<i; j++)
        printf(">%s</n",p[j]);
  return 0;
}

这一次的输出为:
Here we have 12 strings
>Fred<
>male<
>25<
>***<
>John<
>male<
>62<
>***<
>Anna<
>female<
>16<
>***<


让我来分析一下以上代码的运行过程:

红色为strtok_r的outer_ptr指向的位置
绿色为strtok_r的inner_ptr指向的位置,
蓝色为strtok对字符串的修改

1. "Fred male 25,John male 62,Anna female 16" //外循环

2. "Fred male 25/0John male 62,Anna female 16"//进入内循环

3.  "Fred/0male 25/0John male 62,Anna female 16"

4  "Fred/0male/025/0John male 62,Anna female 16"

5 "Fred/0male/025/0John male 62,Anna female 16" //内循环遇到"/0"回到外循环

6  "Fred/0male/025/0John male 62/0Anna female 16"//进入内循环
 

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