使用sysbench对Oracle做基准测试(-) 安装篇

sysbench是一款开源的多线程性能测试工具，
可以执行CPU/内存/线程/IO/数据库等方面的性能测试。
数据库目前支持MySQL/Oracle/PostgreSQL。


由于sysbench 已经托管到launchpad。 souuceforge已经不可用。

获取sysbench 需要安装bzr，为了安装bzr 需要安装一个espl源

rpm -Uvh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm

之后安装bzr

yum install bzr

获取sysbench 文件

[root@localhost ~]# bzr branch lp:sysbenchYou have not informed bzr of your Launchpad ID, and you must do this towrite to Launchpad or access private data.  See "bzr help launchpad-login".Branched 123 revision(s).                                                                                                                       [root@localhost ~]# lltotal 180292-rw-------. 1 root root      1181 Sep 26 18:55 anaconda-ks.cfgdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root      4096 Sep 26 18:58 Desktopdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root      4096 Sep 26 18:57 Documentsdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root      4096 Sep 26 18:57 Downloads-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     35467 Sep 26 18:55 install.log-rw-r--r--. 1 root root     10054 Sep 26 18:53 install.log.syslogdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root      4096 Sep 26 18:57 Music-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 184513020 Sep 11 19:35 mysql-5.5.38-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gzdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root      4096 Sep 26 18:57 Picturesdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root      4096 Sep 26 18:57 Publicdrwxr-xr-x. 4 root root      4096 Sep 26 19:30 rpmbuilddrwxr-xr-x. 7 root root      4096 Oct 13 12:27 sysbenchdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root      4096 Sep 26 18:57 Templatesdrwxr-xr-x. 2 root root      4096 Sep 26 18:57 Videosdrwxr-xr-x. 3 root root      4096 Sep 26 20:17 zabbix[root@localhost ~]#

配置环境变量 有一些关于编译器的东西

[root@localhost sysbench]# export CC=cc[root@localhost sysbench]# export CXX=c++#指定编译选项通过man make 能查到-I 后面指定--include-dir[root@localhost sysbench]# export CFLAGS="-m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public"   [root@localhost sysbench]# export CXXFLAGS="$CFLAGS"

#注意下面声明了Oracle 类库[root@localhost sysbench]# export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1[root@localhost sysbench]# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/lib

调用autogen.sh生成configure

[root@localhost sysbench]# ./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/sysbench --with-oracle --libdir=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/lib --without-mysqlchecking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuchecking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuchecking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuchecking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -cchecking whether build environment is sane... yeschecking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -pchecking for gawk... gawkchecking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yeschecking for gcc... ccchecking for C compiler default output file name... a.outchecking whether the C compiler works... yeschecking whether we are cross compiling... nochecking for suffix of executables... checking for suffix of object files... ochecking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yeschecking whether cc accepts -g... yeschecking for cc option to accept ISO C89... none neededchecking for style of include used by make... GNUchecking dependency style of cc... gcc3checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -Echecking whether cc understands -c and -o together... yeschecking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grepchecking for egrep... /bin/grep -Echecking for ANSI C header files... yeschecking for sys/types.h... yeschecking for sys/stat.h... yeschecking for stdlib.h... yeschecking for string.h... yeschecking for memory.h... yeschecking for strings.h... yeschecking for inttypes.h... yeschecking for stdint.h... yeschecking for unistd.h... yeschecking minix/config.h usability... nochecking minix/config.h presence... nochecking for minix/config.h... nochecking whether it is safe to define __EXTENSIONS__... yeschecking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sedchecking for fgrep... /bin/grep -Fchecking for ld used by cc... /usr/bin/ldchecking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yeschecking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -Bchecking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nmchecking whether ln -s works... yeschecking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1966080checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yeschecking whether the shell understands "+="... yeschecking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -rchecking for objdump... objdumpchecking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_allchecking for ar... archecking for strip... stripchecking for ranlib... ranlibchecking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from cc object... okchecking for dlfcn.h... yeschecking for objdir... .libschecking if cc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... nochecking for cc option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPICchecking if cc PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yeschecking if cc static flag -static works... nochecking if cc supports -c -o file.o... yeschecking if cc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yeschecking whether the cc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yeschecking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... nochecking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.sochecking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediatechecking whether stripping libraries is possible... yeschecking if libtool supports shared libraries... yeschecking whether to build shared libraries... yeschecking whether to build static libraries... yeschecking whether __SUNPRO_C is declared... nochecking "C Compiler version"... "cc (GCC) 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4)"checking whether to compile with MySQL support... (cached) nochecking whether to compile with Drizzle support... (cached) yeschecking whether to compile with Oracle support... (cached) yeschecking whether to compile with PostgreSQL support... (cached) nochecking whether to compile with Lua support... (cached) yeschecking whether SHM_HUGETLB is declared... yeschecking whether O_SYNC is declared... yeschecking for xsltproc... xsltprocchecking whether xsltproc works... nochecking for the pthreads library -lpthreads... nochecking whether pthreads work without any flags... nochecking whether pthreads work with -Kthread... nochecking whether pthreads work with -kthread... nochecking for the pthreads library -llthread... nochecking whether pthreads work with -pthread... yeschecking for joinable pthread attribute... PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLEchecking if more special flags are required for pthreads... nochecking for sqrt in -lm... yeschecking for ld used by GCC... /usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) is GNU ld... yeschecking for shared library run path origin... donechecking for libdrizzle... nochecking libaio.h usability... yeschecking libaio.h presence... yeschecking for libaio.h... yeschecking for io_queue_init in -laio... yeschecking if io_getevents() has an old interface... nochecking for malloc in -lumem... nochecking for malloc in -lmtmalloc... nochecking for ANSI C header files... (cached) yeschecking errno.h usability... yeschecking errno.h presence... yeschecking for errno.h... yeschecking fcntl.h usability... yeschecking fcntl.h presence... yeschecking for fcntl.h... yeschecking math.h usability... yeschecking math.h presence... yeschecking for math.h... yeschecking pthread.h usability... yeschecking pthread.h presence... yeschecking for pthread.h... yeschecking sched.h usability... yeschecking sched.h presence... yeschecking for sched.h... yeschecking signal.h usability... yeschecking signal.h presence... yeschecking for signal.h... yeschecking for stdlib.h... (cached) yeschecking for string.h... (cached) yeschecking sys/aio.h usability... nochecking sys/aio.h presence... nochecking for sys/aio.h... nochecking sys/ipc.h usability... yeschecking sys/ipc.h presence... yeschecking for sys/ipc.h... yeschecking sys/time.h usability... yeschecking sys/time.h presence... yeschecking for sys/time.h... yeschecking sys/mman.h usability... yeschecking sys/mman.h presence... yeschecking for sys/mman.h... yeschecking sys/shm.h usability... yeschecking sys/shm.h presence... yeschecking for sys/shm.h... yeschecking thread.h usability... nochecking thread.h presence... nochecking for thread.h... nochecking for unistd.h... (cached) yeschecking limits.h usability... yeschecking limits.h presence... yeschecking for limits.h... yeschecking for inline... inlinechecking for off_t... yeschecking for size_t... yeschecking whether time.h and sys/time.h may both be included... yeschecking for special C compiler options needed for large files... nochecking for _FILE_OFFSET_BITS value needed for large files... nochecking size of size_t... 8checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yeschecking for GNU libc compatible malloc... yeschecking for stdlib.h... (cached) yeschecking for unistd.h... (cached) yeschecking for getpagesize... yeschecking for working mmap... yeschecking whether strerror_r is declared... yeschecking for strerror_r... yeschecking whether strerror_r returns char *... yeschecking whether clock_gettime is declared... yeschecking for library containing clock_gettime... -lrtchecking for alarm... yeschecking for directio... nochecking for fdatasync... yeschecking for gettimeofday... yeschecking for lrand48... yeschecking for drand48... yeschecking for memalign... yeschecking for memset... yeschecking for mkstemp... yeschecking for popen... yeschecking for posix_memalign... yeschecking for pthread_yield... yeschecking for _setjmp... yeschecking for setvbuf... yeschecking for sqrt... yeschecking for strdup... yeschecking for thr_setconcurrency... nochecking for valloc... yeschecking for pthread_once... yesconfigure: creating ./config.statusconfig.status: creating Makefileconfig.status: creating doc/xsl/Makefileconfig.status: creating doc/xsl/catalog.xmlconfig.status: creating doc/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/drivers/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/drivers/mysql/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/drivers/drizzle/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/drivers/oracle/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/drivers/pgsql/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/tests/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/tests/cpu/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/tests/fileio/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/tests/memory/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/tests/threads/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/tests/mutex/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/tests/db/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/scripting/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/scripting/lua/Makefileconfig.status: creating sysbench/scripting/lua/src/Makefileconfig.status: creating config/config.hconfig.status: executing depfiles commandsconfig.status: executing libtool commands

编译 这里要注意引用Oracle的一个库

[root@localhost sysbench]#  make ORA_LIBS=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/lib/libclntsh.soMaking all in docmake[1]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/doc'Making all in xslmake[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/doc/xsl'make[2]: Nothing to be done for `all'.make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/doc/xsl'make[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/doc'touch manual.htmlmake[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/doc'make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/doc'Making all in sysbenchmake[1]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench'Making all in driversmake[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers'Making all in oraclemake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers/oracle'cc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../config  -Iyes/rdbms/demo -Iyes/rdbms/public -I../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT libsboracle_a-drv_oracle.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/libsboracle_a-drv_oracle.Tpo -c -o libsboracle_a-drv_oracle.o `test -f 'drv_oracle.c' || echo './'`drv_oracle.cIn file included from /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public/oci.h:3024,                 from drv_oracle.c:29:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public/ociap.h:10788: warning: function declaration isn’t a prototype/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public/ociap.h:10794: warning: function declaration isn’t a prototypedrv_oracle.c: In function ‘ora_drv_init’:drv_oracle.c:242: warning: pointer targets in assignment differ in signednessdrv_oracle.c: In function ‘ora_drv_connect’:drv_oracle.c:309: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 1 of ‘strlen’ differ in signedness/usr/include/string.h:399: note: expected ‘const char *’ but argument is of type ‘unsigned char *’drv_oracle.c: In function ‘ora_drv_prepare’:drv_oracle.c:471: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 3 of ‘OCIStmtPrepare’ differ in signedness/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public/ociap.h:7156: note: expected ‘const OraText *’ but argument is of type ‘char *’drv_oracle.c: In function ‘ora_drv_store_results’:drv_oracle.c:851: warning: pointer targets in assignment differ in signednessdrv_oracle.c:854: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 1 of ‘__builtin_strncpy’ differ in signednessdrv_oracle.c:854: note: expected ‘char *’ but argument is of type ‘text *’drv_oracle.c:854: warning: pointer targets in passing argument 2 of ‘__builtin_strncpy’ differ in signednessdrv_oracle.c:854: note: expected ‘const char *’ but argument is of type ‘text *’drv_oracle.c: At top level:drv_oracle.c:1076: warning: no previous prototype for ‘get_db_bind_type’mv -f .deps/libsboracle_a-drv_oracle.Tpo .deps/libsboracle_a-drv_oracle.Porm -f libsboracle.aar cru libsboracle.a libsboracle_a-drv_oracle.o ranlib libsboracle.amake[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers/oracle'make[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers'make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all-am'.make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers'make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers'Making all in testsmake[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests'Making all in cpumake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/cpu'cc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../config  -I../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT libsbcpu_a-sb_cpu.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/libsbcpu_a-sb_cpu.Tpo -c -o libsbcpu_a-sb_cpu.o `test -f 'sb_cpu.c' || echo './'`sb_cpu.cmv -f .deps/libsbcpu_a-sb_cpu.Tpo .deps/libsbcpu_a-sb_cpu.Porm -f libsbcpu.aar cru libsbcpu.a libsbcpu_a-sb_cpu.o ranlib libsbcpu.amake[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/cpu'Making all in fileiomake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/fileio'cc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../config  -I../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT libsbfileio_a-sb_fileio.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/libsbfileio_a-sb_fileio.Tpo -c -o libsbfileio_a-sb_fileio.o `test -f 'sb_fileio.c' || echo './'`sb_fileio.cmv -f .deps/libsbfileio_a-sb_fileio.Tpo .deps/libsbfileio_a-sb_fileio.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../config  -I../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT libsbfileio_a-crc32.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/libsbfileio_a-crc32.Tpo -c -o libsbfileio_a-crc32.o `test -f 'crc32.c' || echo './'`crc32.cmv -f .deps/libsbfileio_a-crc32.Tpo .deps/libsbfileio_a-crc32.Porm -f libsbfileio.aar cru libsbfileio.a libsbfileio_a-sb_fileio.o libsbfileio_a-crc32.o ranlib libsbfileio.amake[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/fileio'Making all in memorymake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/memory'cc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../config  -I../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT libsbmemory_a-sb_memory.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/libsbmemory_a-sb_memory.Tpo -c -o libsbmemory_a-sb_memory.o `test -f 'sb_memory.c' || echo './'`sb_memory.cmv -f .deps/libsbmemory_a-sb_memory.Tpo .deps/libsbmemory_a-sb_memory.Porm -f libsbmemory.aar cru libsbmemory.a libsbmemory_a-sb_memory.o ranlib libsbmemory.amake[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/memory'Making all in threadsmake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/threads'cc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../config  -I../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT libsbthreads_a-sb_threads.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/libsbthreads_a-sb_threads.Tpo -c -o libsbthreads_a-sb_threads.o `test -f 'sb_threads.c' || echo './'`sb_threads.cmv -f .deps/libsbthreads_a-sb_threads.Tpo .deps/libsbthreads_a-sb_threads.Porm -f libsbthreads.aar cru libsbthreads.a libsbthreads_a-sb_threads.o ranlib libsbthreads.amake[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/threads'Making all in mutexmake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/mutex'cc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../config  -I../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT libsbmutex_a-sb_mutex.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/libsbmutex_a-sb_mutex.Tpo -c -o libsbmutex_a-sb_mutex.o `test -f 'sb_mutex.c' || echo './'`sb_mutex.cmv -f .deps/libsbmutex_a-sb_mutex.Tpo .deps/libsbmutex_a-sb_mutex.Porm -f libsbmutex.aar cru libsbmutex.a libsbmutex_a-sb_mutex.o ranlib libsbmutex.amake[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/mutex'Making all in dbmake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/db'make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all'.make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/db'make[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests'make[3]: Nothing to be done for `all-am'.make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests'make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests'Making all in scriptingmake[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting'Making all in luamake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua'Making all in srcmake[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua/src'cc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../../config  -I../../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -Wno-bad-function-cast -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT lapi.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/lapi.Tpo -c -o lapi.o lapi.cmv -f .deps/lapi.Tpo .deps/lapi.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../../config  -I../../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -Wno-bad-function-cast -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT lcode.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/lcode.Tpo -c -o lcode.o lcode.cmv -f .deps/lcode.Tpo .deps/lcode.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../../config  -I../../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -Wno-bad-function-cast -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT ldebug.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/ldebug.Tpo -c -o ldebug.o ldebug.cmv -f .deps/ldebug.Tpo .deps/ldebug.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../../config  -I../../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -Wno-bad-function-cast -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT ldo.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/ldo.Tpo -c -o ldo.o ldo.cmv -f .deps/ldo.Tpo .deps/ldo.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../../config  -I../../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -Wno-bad-function-cast -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT ldump.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/ldump.Tpo -c -o ldump.o ldump.cmv -f .deps/ldump.Tpo .deps/ldump.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../../../../config  -I../../../../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs 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`/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting'make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting'Making all in .make[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench'cc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../config  -I../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT sysbench.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/sysbench.Tpo -c -o sysbench.o sysbench.csysbench.c: In function ‘runner_thread’:sysbench.c:466: warning: ‘queue_start_time’ may be used uninitialized in this functionmv -f .deps/sysbench.Tpo .deps/sysbench.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../config  -I../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT sb_timer.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/sb_timer.Tpo -c -o sb_timer.o sb_timer.cmv -f .deps/sb_timer.Tpo .deps/sb_timer.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../config  -I../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT sb_options.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/sb_options.Tpo -c -o sb_options.o sb_options.cmv -f .deps/sb_options.Tpo .deps/sb_options.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../config  -I../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT sb_logger.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/sb_logger.Tpo -c -o sb_logger.o sb_logger.cmv -f .deps/sb_logger.Tpo .deps/sb_logger.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../config  -I../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT db_driver.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/db_driver.Tpo -c -o db_driver.o db_driver.cmv -f .deps/db_driver.Tpo .deps/db_driver.Pocc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I../config  -I../sysbench -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500 -D_GNU_SOURCE  -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -MT sb_percentile.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/sb_percentile.Tpo -c -o sb_percentile.o sb_percentile.cmv -f .deps/sb_percentile.Tpo .deps/sb_percentile.Po/bin/sh ../libtool --tag=CC   --mode=link cc -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast   -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline   -funroll-loops  -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align        -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public      -L/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/lib -o sysbench sysbench.o sb_timer.o sb_options.o sb_logger.o db_driver.o sb_percentile.o tests/fileio/libsbfileio.a tests/threads/libsbthreads.a tests/memory/libsbmemory.a tests/cpu/libsbcpu.a tests/mutex/libsbmutex.a scripting/libsbscript.a    drivers/oracle/libsboracle.a /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/lib/libclntsh.so scripting/lua/src/liblua.a -lm -ldl -lrt -laio -lm libtool: link: cc -W -Wall -Wextra -Wpointer-arith -Wbad-function-cast -Wstrict-prototypes -Wnested-externs -Winline -funroll-loops -Wundef -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations -Wredundant-decls -Wcast-align -pthread -O2 -ggdb3 -m64 -I /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/rdbms/public -o sysbench sysbench.o sb_timer.o sb_options.o sb_logger.o db_driver.o sb_percentile.o /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/lib/libclntsh.so  -L/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1/lib tests/fileio/libsbfileio.a tests/threads/libsbthreads.a tests/memory/libsbmemory.a tests/cpu/libsbcpu.a tests/mutex/libsbmutex.a scripting/libsbscript.a drivers/oracle/libsboracle.a scripting/lua/src/liblua.a -ldl -lrt -laio -lm -pthreadmake[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench'make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench'make[1]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench'make[1]: Nothing to be done for `all-am'.make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench'

make install 

[root@localhost sysbench]# make installMaking install in docmake[1]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/doc'Making install in xslmake[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/doc/xsl'make[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/doc/xsl'make[3]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[3]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/doc/xsl'make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/doc/xsl'make[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/doc'make[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/doc'make[3]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.test -z "/usr/local/sysbench/share/doc/sysbench" || /bin/mkdir -p "/usr/local/sysbench/share/doc/sysbench"/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 manual.html '/usr/local/sysbench/share/doc/sysbench'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/doc'make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/doc'make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/doc'Making install in sysbenchmake[1]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench'Making install in driversmake[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers'Making install in oraclemake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers/oracle'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers/oracle'make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers/oracle'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers/oracle'make[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers'make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers'make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/drivers'Making install in testsmake[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests'Making install in cpumake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/cpu'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/cpu'make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/cpu'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/cpu'Making install in fileiomake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/fileio'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/fileio'make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/fileio'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/fileio'Making install in memorymake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/memory'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/memory'make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/memory'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/memory'Making install in threadsmake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/threads'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/threads'make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/threads'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/threads'Making install in mutexmake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/mutex'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/mutex'make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/mutex'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/mutex'Making install in dbmake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/db'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/db'make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/db'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests/db'make[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests'make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests'make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/tests'Making install in scriptingmake[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting'Making install in luamake[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua'Making install in srcmake[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua/src'make[5]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua/src'make[5]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[5]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[5]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua/src'make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua/src'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua'make[5]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua'make[5]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[5]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[5]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua'make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting/lua'Making install in .make[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting'make[4]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting'make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[4]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[4]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting'make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting'make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench/scripting'Making install in .make[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench'make[3]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench'test -z "/usr/local/sysbench/bin" || /bin/mkdir -p "/usr/local/sysbench/bin"  /bin/sh ../libtool   --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c sysbench '/usr/local/sysbench/bin'libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c sysbench /usr/local/sysbench/bin/sysbenchmake[3]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[3]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench'make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench'make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench/sysbench'make[1]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench'make[2]: Entering directory `/root/sysbench'make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-exec-am'.make[2]: Nothing to be done for `install-data-am'.make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench'make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/sysbench'[root@localhost sysbench]# lltotal 4116-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    3661 Oct 13 12:27 CMakeLists.txt-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   23294 Oct 13 12:27 db_driver.c-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    9800 Oct 13 12:27 db_driver.h-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  128160 Oct 13 12:32 db_driver.odrwxr-xr-x. 6 root root    4096 Oct 13 12:30 drivers-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   25072 Oct 13 12:30 Makefile-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    1887 Oct 13 12:27 Makefile.am-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   25551 Oct 13 12:29 Makefile.in-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    3626 Oct 13 12:27 sb_list.h-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   16223 Oct 13 12:27 sb_logger.c-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    4554 Oct 13 12:27 sb_logger.h-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  116288 Oct 13 12:32 sb_logger.o-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   13731 Oct 13 12:27 sb_options.c-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    3108 Oct 13 12:27 sb_options.h-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  109584 Oct 13 12:32 sb_options.o-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    3456 Oct 13 12:27 sb_percentile.c-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    1570 Oct 13 12:27 sb_percentile.h-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   64592 Oct 13 12:32 sb_percentile.o-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    5982 Oct 13 12:27 sb_timer.c-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    3796 Oct 13 12:27 sb_timer.h-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   54528 Oct 13 12:32 sb_timer.o-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    6860 Oct 13 12:27 sb_win.c-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    2747 Oct 13 12:27 sb_win.hdrwxr-xr-x. 4 root root    4096 Oct 13 12:32 scripting-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 3317973 Oct 13 12:32 sysbench-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   34046 Oct 13 12:27 sysbench.c-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    7149 Oct 13 12:27 sysbench.h-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  165312 Oct 13 12:32 sysbench.odrwxr-xr-x. 9 root root    4096 Oct 13 12:30 tests

最后贴上一些编译参数与环境变量解释

#1,首先从源代码生成目标文件(预处理,编译,汇编)，"-c"选项表示不执行链接步骤。
$(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) example.c   -c   -o example.o
#2,然后将目标文件连接为最终的结果(连接)，"-o"选项用于指定输出文件的名字。
$(CC) $(LDFLAGS) example.o   -o example
#有一些软件包一次完成四个步骤：
$(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) example.c   -o example
当然也有少数软件包不遵守这些约定俗成的规范，比如：
#1,有些在命令行中漏掉应有的Makefile变量(注意：有些遗漏是故意的)
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) example.c    -c   -o example.o
$(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) example.c  -c   -o example.o
$(CC) example.o   -o example
$(CC) example.c   -o example
#2,有些在命令行中增加了不必要的Makefile变量
$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) example.o   -o example
$(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) example.c   -c   -o example.o
当然还有极个别软件包完全是"胡来"：乱用变量(增加不必要的又漏掉了应有的)者有之，不用$(CC)者有之，不一而足.....
尽管将源代码编译为二进制文件的四个步骤由不同的程序(cpp,gcc/g++,as,ld)完成，但是事实上 cpp, as, ld 都是由 gcc/g++ 进行间接调用的。换句话说，控制了 gcc/g++ 就等于控制了所有四个步骤。从 Makefile 规则中的编译命令可以看出，编译工具的行为全靠 CC/CXX CPPFLAGS CFLAGS/CXXFLAGS LDFLAGS 这几个变量在控制。当然理论上控制编译工具行为的还应当有 AS ASFLAGS ARFLAGS 等变量，但是实践中基本上没有软件包使用它们。

那么我们如何控制这些变量呢？一种简易的做法是首先设置与这些 Makefile 变量同名的环境变量并将它们 export 为全局，然后运行 configure 脚本，大多数 configure 脚本会使用这同名的环境变量代替 Makefile 中的值。但是少数 configure 脚本并不这样做(比如GCC-3.4.6和Binutils-2.16.1的脚本就不传递LDFLAGS)，你必须手动编辑生成的 Makefile 文件，在其中寻找这些变量并修改它们的值，许多源码包在每个子文件夹中都有 Makefile 文件，真是一件很累人的事！

CC 与 CXX

这是 C 与 C++ 编译器命令。默认值一般是 “gcc” 与 “g++”。这个变量本来与优化没有关系，但是有些人因为担心软件包不遵守那些约定俗成的规范，害怕自己苦心设置的 CFLAGS/CXXFLAGS/LDFLAGS 之类的变量被忽略了，而索性将原本应当放置在其它变量中的选项一股老儿塞到 CC 或 CXX 中，比如：CC=”gcc -march=k8 -O2 -s”。这是一种怪异的用法，本文不提倡这种做法，而是提倡按照变量本来的含义使用变量。

CPPFLAGS

这是用于预处理阶段的选项。不过能够用于此变量的选项，看不出有哪个与优化相关。如果你实在想设一个，那就使用下面这两个吧：

-DNDEBUG

“NDEBUG”是一个标准的 ANSI 宏，表示不进行调试编译。

-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64

大多数包使用这个来提供大文件(>2G)支持。

CFLAGS 与 CXXFLAGS

CFLAGS 表示用于 C 编译器的选项，CXXFLAGS 表示用于 C++ 编译器的选项。这两个变量实际上涵盖了编译和汇编两个步骤。大多数程序和库在编译时默认的优化级别是”2″(使用”-O2″选项)并且带有调试符号来编 译，也就是 CFLAGS=”-O2 -g”, CXXFLAGS=$CFLAGS 。事实上，”-O2″已经启用绝大多数安全的优化选项了。另一方面，由于大部分选项可以同时用于这两个变量，所以仅在最后讲述只能用于其中一个变量的选 项。[提醒]下面所列选项皆为非默认选项，你只要按需添加即可。

先说说”-O3″在”-O2″基础上增加的几项：

-finline-functions

允许编译器选择某些简单的函数在其被调用处展开，比较安全的选项，特别是在CPU二级缓存较大时建议使用。

-funswitch-loops

将循环体中不改变值的变量移动到循环体之外。

-fgcse-after-reload

为了清除多余的溢出，在重载之后执行一个额外的载入消除步骤。

另外：

-fomit-frame-pointer

对于不需要栈指针的函数就不在寄存器中保存指针，因此可以忽略存储和检索地址的代码，同时对许多函数提供一个额外的寄存器。所有”-O”级别都打开 它，但仅在调试器可以不依靠栈指针运行时才有效。在AMD64平台上此选项默认打开，但是在x86平台上则默认关闭。建议显式的设置它。

-falign-functions=N
-falign-jumps=N
-falign-loops=N
-falign-labels=N

这四个对齐选项在”-O2″中打开，其中的根据不同的平台N使用不同的默认值。如果你想指定不同于默认值的N，也可以单独指定。比如，对于L2- cache>=1M的cpu而言，指定 -falign-functions=64 可能会获得更好的性能。建议在指定了 -march 的时候不明确指定这里的值。

调试选项：

-fprofile-arcs

在使用这一选项编译程序并运行它以创建包含每个代码块的执行次数的文件后，程序可以再次使用 -fbranch-probabilities 编译，文件中的信息可以用来优化那些经常选取的分支。如果没有这些信息，gcc将猜测哪个分支将被经常运行以进行优化。这类优化信息将会存放在一个以源文 件为名字的并以”.da”为后缀的文件中。

全局选项：

-pipe

在编译过程的不同阶段之间使用管道而非临时文件进行通信，可以加快编译速度。建议使用。

目录选项：

–sysroot=dir

将dir作为逻辑根目录。比如编译器通常会在 /usr/include 和 /usr/lib 中搜索头文件和库，使用这个选项后将在 dir/usr/include 和 dir/usr/lib 目录中搜索。如果使用这个选项的同时又使用了 -isysroot 选项，则此选项仅作用于库文件的搜索路径，而 -isysroot 选项将作用于头文件的搜索路径。这个选项与优化无关，但是在 CLFS 中有着神奇的作用。

代码生成选项：

-fno-bounds-check

关闭所有对数组访问的边界检查。该选项将提高数组索引的性能，但当超出数组边界时，可能会造成不可接受的行为。

-freg-struct-return

如果struct和联合体足够小就通过寄存器返回，这将提高较小结构的效率。如果不够小，无法容纳在一个寄存器中，将使用内存返回。建议仅在完 全使用GCC编译的系统上才使用。

-fpic

生成可用于共享库的位置独立代码。所有的内部寻址均通过全局偏移表完成。要确定一个地址，需要将代码自身的内存位置作为表中一项插入。该选项产生可 以在共享库中存放并从中加载的目标模块。

-fstack-check

为防止程序栈溢出而进行必要的检测，仅在多线程环境中运行时才可能需要它。

-fvisibility=hidden

设置默认的ELF镜像中符号的可见性为隐藏。使用这个特性可以非常充分的提高连接和加载共享库的性能，生成更加优化的代码，提供近乎完美的API输 出和防止符号碰撞。我们强烈建议你在编译任何共享库的时候使用该选项。参见 -fvisibility-inlines-hidden 选项。

硬件体系结构相关选项[仅仅针对x86与x86_64]：

-march=cpu-type

为特定的cpu-type编译二进制代码(不能在更低级别的cpu上运行)。Intel可以用：pentium2, pentium3(=pentium3m), pentium4(=pentium4m), pentium-m, prescott, nocona, core2(GCC-4.3新增) 。AMD可以用：k6-2(=k6-3), athlon(=athlon-tbird), athlon-xp(=athlon-mp), k8(=opteron=athlon64=athlon-fx)

-mfpmath=sse

P3和athlon-xp级别及以上的cpu支持”sse”标量浮点指令。仅建议在P4和K8以上级别的处理器上使用该选项。

-malign-double

将double, long double, long long对齐于双字节边界上；有助于生成更高速的代码，但是程序的尺寸会变大，并且不能与未使用该选项编译的程序一起工作。

-m128bit-long-double

指定long double为128位，pentium以上的cpu更喜欢这种标准，并且符合x86-64的ABI标准，但是却不附合i386的ABI标准。

-mregparm=N

指定用于传递整数参数的寄存器数目(默认不使用寄存器)。0<=N<=3 ；注意：当N>0时你必须使用同一参数重新构建所有的模块，包括所有的库。

-msseregparm

使用SSE寄存器传递float和double参数和返回值。注意：当你使用了这个选项以后，你必须使用同一参数重新构建所有的模块，包括所有的 库。

-mmmx
-msse
-msse2
-msse3
-m3dnow
-mssse3(没写错!GCC-4.3新增)
-msse4.1(GCC-4.3新增)
-msse4.2(GCC-4.3新增)
-msse4(含4.1和4.2,GCC-4.3新增)

是否使用相应的扩展指令集以及内置函数，按照自己的cpu选择吧！

-maccumulate-outgoing-args

指定在函数引导段中计算输出参数所需最大空间，这在大部分现代cpu中是较快的方法；缺点是会明显增加二进制文件尺寸。

-mthreads

支持Mingw32的线程安全异常处理。对于依赖于线程安全异常处理的程序，必须启用这个选项。使用这个选项时会定义”-D_MT”，它将包含使用 选项”-lmingwthrd”连接的一个特殊的线程辅助库，用于为每个线程清理异常处理数据。

-minline-all-stringops

默认时GCC只将确定目的地会被对齐在至少4字节边界的字符串操作内联进程序代码。该选项启用更多的内联并且增加二进制文件的体积，但是可以提升依 赖于高速 memcpy, strlen, memset 操作的程序的性能。

-minline-stringops-dynamically

GCC-4.3新增。对未知尺寸字符串的小块操作使用内联代码，而对大块操作仍然调用库函数，这是比”-minline-all- stringops”更聪明的策略。决定策略的算法可以通过”-mstringop-strategy”控制。

-momit-leaf-frame-pointer

不为叶子函数在寄存器中保存栈指针，这样可以节省寄存器，但是将会使调试变的困难。注意：不要与 -fomit-frame-pointer 同时使用，因为会造成代码效率低下。

-m64

生成专门运行于64位环境的代码，不能运行于32位环境，仅用于x86_64[含EMT64]环境。

-mcmodel=small

[默认值]程序和它的符号必须位于2GB以下的地址空间。指针仍然是64位。程序可以静态连接也可以动态连接。仅用于x86_64[含EMT64] 环境。

-mcmodel=kernel

内核运行于2GB地址空间之外。在编译Linux内核时必须使用该选项！仅用于x86_64[含EMT64]环境。

-mcmodel=medium

程序必须位于2GB以下的地址空间，但是它的符号可以位于任何地址空间。程序可以静态连接也可以动态连接。注意：共享库不能使用这个选项编译！仅用 于x86_64[含EMT64]环境。

其它优化选项：

-fforce-addr

必须将地址复制到寄存器中才能对他们进行运算。由于所需地址通常在前面已经加载到寄存器中了，所以这个选项可以改进代码。

-finline-limit=n

对伪指令数超过n的函数，编译程序将不进行内联展开，默认为600。增大此值将增加编译时间和编译内存用量并且生成的二进制文件体积也会变大，此值 不宜太大。

-fmerge-all-constants

试图将跨编译单元的所有常量值和数组合并在一个副本中。但是标准C/C++要求每个变量都必须有不同的存储位置，所以该选项可能会导致某些不兼容的 行为。

-fgcse-sm

在全局公共子表达式消除之后运行存储移动，以试图将存储移出循环。gcc-3.4中曾属于”-O2″级别的选项。

-fgcse-las

在全局公共子表达式消除之后消除多余的在存储到同一存储区域之后的加载操作。gcc-3.4中曾属于”-O2″级别的选项。

-floop-optimize

已废除(GCC-4.1曾包含在”-O1″中)。

-floop-optimize2

使用改进版本的循环优化器代替原来”-floop-optimize”。该优化器将使用不同的选项(-funroll-loops, -fpeel-loops, -funswitch-loops, -ftree-loop-im)分别控制循环优化的不同方面。目前这个新版本的优化器尚在开发中，并且生成的代码质量并不比以前的版本高。已废除，仅存在 于GCC-4.1之前的版本中。

-funsafe-loop-optimizations

假定循环不会溢出，并且循环的退出条件不是无穷。这将可以在一个比较广的范围内进行循环优化，即使优化器自己也不能断定这样做是否正确。

-fsched-spec-load

允许一些装载指令执行一些投机性的动作。

-ftree-loop-linear

在trees上进行线型循环转换。它能够改进缓冲性能并且允许进行更进一步的循环优化。

-fivopts

在trees上执行归纳变量优化。

-ftree-vectorize

在trees上执行循环向量化。

-ftracer

执行尾部复制以扩大超级块的尺寸，它简化了函数控制流，从而允许其它的优化措施做的更好。据说挺有效。

-funroll-loops

仅对循环次数能够在编译时或运行时确定的循环进行展开，生成的代码尺寸将变大，执行速度可能变快也可能变慢。

-fprefetch-loop-arrays

生成数组预读取指令，对于使用巨大数组的程序可以加快代码执行速度，适合数据库相关的大型软件等。具体效果如何取决于代码。

-fweb

建立经常使用的缓存器网络，提供更佳的缓存器使用率。gcc-3.4中曾属于”-O3″级别的选项。

-ffast-math

违反IEEE/ANSI标准以提高浮点数计算速度，是个危险的选项，仅在编译不需要严格遵守IEEE规范且浮点计算密集的程序考虑采用。

-fsingle-precision-constant

将浮点常量作为单精度常量对待，而不是隐式地将其转换为双精度。

-fbranch-probabilities

在使用 -fprofile-arcs 选项编译程序并执行它来创建包含每个代码块执行次数的文件之后，程序可以利用这一选项再次编译，文件中所产生的信息将被用来优化那些经常发生的分支代码。 如果没有这些信息，gcc将猜测那一分支可能经常发生并进行优化。这类优化信息将会存放在一个以源文件为名字的并以”.da”为后缀的文件中。

-frename-registers

试图驱除代码中的假依赖关系，这个选项对具有大量寄存器的机器很有效。gcc-3.4中曾属于”-O3″级别的选项。

-fbranch-target-load-optimize
-fbranch-target-load-optimize2

在执行序启动以及结尾之前执行分支目标缓存器加载最佳化。

-fstack-protector

在关键函数的堆栈中设置保护值。在返回地址和返回值之前，都将验证这个保护值。如果出现了缓冲区溢出，保护值不再匹配，程序就会退出。程序每次运 行，保护值都是随机的，因此不会被远程猜出。

-fstack-protector-all

同上，但是在所有函数的堆栈中设置保护值。

–param max-gcse-memory=xxM

执行GCSE优化使用的最大内存量(xxM)，太小将使该优化无法进行，默认为50M。

–param max-gcse-passes=n

执行GCSE优化的最大迭代次数，默认为 1。

传递给汇编器的选项：

-Wa,options

options是一个或多个由逗号分隔的可以传递给汇编器的选项列表。其中的每一个均可作为命令行选项传递给汇编器。

-Wa,–strip-local-absolute

从输出符号表中移除局部绝对符号。

-Wa,-R

合并数据段和正文段，因为不必在数据段和代码段之间转移，所以它可能会产生更短的地址移动。

-Wa,–64

设置字长为64bit，仅用于x86_64，并且仅对ELF格式的目标文件有效。此外，还需要使用”–enable-64-bit-bfd”选项 编译的BFD支持。

-Wa,-march=CPU

按照特定的CPU进行优化：pentiumiii, pentium4, prescott, nocona, core, core2; athlon, sledgehammer, opteron, k8 。

仅可用于 CFLAGS 的选项：

-fhosted

按宿主环境编译，其中需要有完整的标准库，入口必须是main()函数且具有int型的返回值。内核以外几乎所有的程序都是如此。该选项隐含设置了 -fbuiltin，且与 -fno-freestanding 等价。

-ffreestanding

按独立环境编译，该环境可以没有标准库，且对main()函数没有要求。最典型的例子就是操作系统内核。该选项隐含设置了 -fno-builtin，且与 -fno-hosted 等价。

仅可用于 CXXFLAGS 的选项：

-fno-enforce-eh-specs

C++标准要求强制检查异常违例，但是该选项可以关闭违例检查，从而减小生成代码的体积。该选项类似于定义了”NDEBUG”宏。

-fno-rtti

如果没有使用’dynamic_cast’和’typeid’，可以使用这个选项禁止为包含虚方法的类生成运行时表示代码，从而节约空间。此选项对 于异常处理无效(仍然按需生成rtti代码)。

-ftemplate-depth-n

将最大模版实例化深度设为’n'，符合标准的程序不能超过17，默认值为500。

-fno-optional-diags

禁止输出诊断消息，C++标准并不需要这些消息。

-fno-threadsafe-statics

GCC自动在访问C++局部静态变量的代码上加锁，以保证线程安全。如果你不需要线程安全，可以使用这个选项。

-fvisibility-inlines-hidden

默认隐藏所有内联函数，从而减小导出符号表的大小，既能缩减文件的大小，还能提高运行性能，我们强烈建议你在编译任何共享库的时候使用该选项。参见 -fvisibility=hidden 选项。

LDFLAGS

LDFLAGS 是传递给连接器的选项。这是一个常被忽视的变量，事实上它对优化的影响也是很明显的。

[提示]以下选项是在完整的阅读了ld-2.18文档之后挑选出来的选项。 http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/41220/showart_354602.html 有2.14版本的中文手册。

-s

删除可执行程序中的所有符号表和所有重定位信息。其结果与运行命令 strip 所达到的效果相同，这个选项是比较安全的。

-Wl,options

options是由一个或多个逗号分隔的传递给链接器的选项列表。其中的每一个选项均会作为命令行选项提供给链接器。

-Wl,-On

当n>0时将会优化输出，但是会明显增加连接操作的时间，这个选项是比较安全的。

-Wl,–exclude-libs=ALL

不自动导出库中的符号，也就是默认将库中的符号隐藏。

-Wl,-m<emulation>

仿真<emulation>连接器，当前ld所有可用的仿真可以通过”ld -V”命令获取。默认值取决于ld的编译时配置。

-Wl,–sort-common

把全局公共符号按照大小排序后放到适当的输出节，以防止符号间因为排布限制而出现间隙。

-Wl,-x

删除所有的本地符号。

-Wl,-X

删除所有的临时本地符号。对于大多数目标平台，就是所有的名字以’L'开头的本地符号。

-Wl,-zcomberloc

组合多个重定位节并重新排布它们，以便让动态符号可以被缓存。

-Wl,–enable-new-dtags

在ELF中创建新式的”dynamic tags”，但在老式的ELF系统上无法识别。

-Wl,–as-needed

移除不必要的符号引用，仅在实际需要的时候才连接，可以生成更高效的代码。

-Wl,–no-define-common

限制对普通符号的地址分配。该选项允许那些从共享库中引用的普通符号只在主程序中被分配地址。这会消除在共享库中的无用的副本的空间，同时也防止了 在有多个指定了搜索路径的动态模块在进行运行时符号解析时引起的混乱。

-Wl,–hash-style=gnu

使用gnu风格的符号散列表格式。它的动态链接性能比传统的sysv风格(默认)有较大提升，但是它生成的可执行程序和库与旧的Glibc以及动态 链接器不兼容。

最后说两个与优化无关的系统环境变量，因为会影响GCC编译程序的方式，下面两个是咱中国人比较关心的：

LANG

指定编译程序使用的字符集，可用于创建宽字符文件、串文字、注释；默认为英文。[目前只支持日文"C-JIS,C-SJIS,C-EUCJP"，不 支持中文]

LC_ALL

指定多字节字符的字符分类，主要用于确定字符串的字符边界以及编译程序使用何种语言发出诊断消息；默认设置与LANG相同。中文相关的几 项：”zh_CN.GB2312 , zh_CN.GB18030 , zh_CN.GBK , zh_CN.UTF-8 , zh_TW.BIG5″。

引用自：http://www.firekyrin.com/archives/597.html