[0001] CentOS7下部署nginx+mongrel+rails环境

来源：互联网发布：ubuntu和kali 编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/04/30 04:47

0.安装依赖

yum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel

1.安装ruby (http://ruby-lang.org/)

ruby官网下载(https://www.ruby-lang.org/zh_cn/downloads/) Ruby 2.1.3源码，进入下载解压，编译安装：

./configure

make

make install

查看安装信息：

installing binary commands:   /usr/local/bininstalling base libraries:    /usr/local/libinstalling arch files:        /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.1.0/x86_64-linuxinstalling pkgconfig data:    /usr/local/lib/pkgconfiginstalling command scripts:   /usr/local/bininstalling library scripts:   /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.1.0installing common headers:    /usr/local/include/ruby-2.1.0installing manpages:          /usr/local/share/man/man1installing extension objects: /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.1.0/x86_64-linuxinstalling extension objects: /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.1.0/x86_64-linuxinstalling extension objects: /usr/local/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/2.1.0/x86_64-linuxinstalling extension headers: /usr/local/include/ruby-2.1.0/x86_64-linuxinstalling extension scripts: /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.1.0installing extension scripts: /usr/local/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.1.0installing extension scripts: /usr/local/lib/ruby/vendor_ruby/2.1.0installing extension headers: /usr/local/include/ruby-2.1.0/rubyinstalling default gems:      /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0 (build_info, cache, doc, extensions, gems, specifications)                              bigdecimal 1.2.4                              io-console 0.4.2                              json 1.8.1                              minitest 4.7.5                              psych 2.0.5                              rake 10.1.0                              rdoc 4.1.0                              test-unit 2.1.3.0installing rdoc:              /usr/local/share/ri/2.1.0/systeminstalling capi-docs:         /usr/local/share/doc/ruby

安装成功，查看Ruby版本：
ruby -v

ruby 2.1.3p242 (2014-09-19 revision 47630) [x86_64-linux]

2.安装rubygems (http://rubygems.org/)

官网下载最新rubygems版本RubyGems 2.4.2，进入下载目录直接安装：

ruby setup.rb

安装信息如下：

RubyGems installed the following executables:/usr/local/bin/gemRuby Interactive (ri) documentation was installed. ri is kind of like man pages for ruby libraries. You may access it like this:  ri Classname  ri Classname.class_method  ri Classname#instance_methodIf you do not wish to install this documentation in the future, use the--no-document flag, or set it as the default in your ~/.gemrc file. See'gem help env' for details.

安装成功，查看rubygems版本：

gem -v
2.4.2

3.安装rails (http://rubygems.org/pages/download/)

注意：此处选择安装Rails 4.1.6在启动mongrel时会有问题，详见mongrel小节描述，请先跳过此处阅读( 4. 集成mongrel )

使用gem安装rails，

gem install -V rails -v 4.1.6

如果出现如下错误，

[root@localhost download]# gem install --helpERROR:  Loading command: install (LoadError)cannot load such file -- zlibERROR:  While executing gem ... (NoMethodError)    undefined method `invoke_with_build_args' for nil:NilClass

则进入ruby源码文件夹，安装ruby自身提供的zlib包：
#cd ext/zlib
#ruby ./extconf.rb
#make

#make install

安装完毕后再次运行安装rails：

gem install -V rails -v 4.1.6

（如遇到各种安装报错情况，请参考文章：点击打开链接解决）

安装成功后，新建rails工程：

rails new blog

进入工程根目录，启动rails服务：

rails server

打开浏览器，输入localhost:3000回车后进入主页面，至此ROR环境搭建完成。

4. 集成mongrel (https://rubygems.org/gems/mongrel/versions/)

mongrel下载地址为：mongrel下载

使用gem安装mongrel：

gem install mongrel -v 1.2.0.pre2 --pre

安装信息如下：

Done installing documentation for gem_plugin, daemons, mongrel after 2 seconds3 gems installed

进入blog工程根目录，用mongrel启动rails服务：

mongrel_rails start

如果启动出现如下问题：

no such file to load -- dispatcher (LoadError)

则参考点击打开链接解决：

 down voteJust in case you didn't figure it out.I ran gem install 'dispatcher' and added gem 'dispatcher' in the Gemfile of my app.

Then everything was fine.

具体步骤为：

gem install dispatcher -V

进入你自己的rails工程目录，打开Gemfile文件，加入：gem 'dispatcher' 保存文件。

之后再次启动：

mongrel_rails start

如果出现如下错误：

/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.1.0/gems/activesupport-4.1.6/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:247:in `require': cannot load such file -- mongrel/rails (LoadError)

则打开Gemfile文件，加入：gem 'mongrel','1.2.0.pre2' 保存文件。(备注：此处的' 1.2.0.pre2' 参数为你安装的mongrel版本号，具体请根据自己安装自行调整！)

再次启动mongrel：

mongrel_rails start

启动成功，打印信息如下：

** Starting Mongrel listening at 0.0.0.0:3000** Starting Rails with development environment...** Rails loaded.** Loading any Rails specific GemPlugins

** Signals ready. TERM => stop. USR2 => restart. INT => stop (no restart).** Rails signals registered. HUP => reload (without restart). It might not work well.** Mongrel 1.2.0.pre2 available at 0.0.0.0:3000** Use CTRL-C to stop.

mongrel启动成功！

尝试访问服务：

curl http://127.0.0.1:3000

返回如下信息：

curl: (52) Empty reply from server

(备注：如果用浏览器访问，则提示“无法连接”)

服务器对于请求返回了空，但mongrel已经正常启动了。

通过多方查找，终于找到解决办法，替换之前的启动命令：

mongrel_rails star

为：

rails server mongrel -e development -b 0.0.0.0 -p 80 -P tmp/pids/server.pid

再次启动服务。

成功启动后打印如下信息：

=> Booting Mongrel=> Rails 4.1.6 application starting in development on http://0.0.0.0:80=> Run `rails server -h` for more startup options=> Notice: server is listening on all interfaces (0.0.0.0). Consider using 127.0.0.1 (--binding option)=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server

再次键入地址进行访问：

curl http://127.0.0.1:3000

成功返回请求的html代码，让我们总结一下：

在每次新建rails工程后，需要手动修改工程根目录下的Gemfile文件：

1. 添加 gem 'mongrel','1.2.0.pre2'

2. 添加 gem 'dispatcher'

3. 启动： rails server mongrel -e development -b 0.0.0.0 -p 80 -P tmp/pids/server.pid

到此在CentOS7环境下，已成功搭建好了mongrel和rails，接下来还有mongrel_cluster和nginx需要完成。请继续往下看！

错误更正：

今天在安装集成mongrel_cluster后，启动服务，访问服务时发现问题：

尝试访问服务：

curl http://127.0.0.1:3000

返回如下信息：

curl: (52) Empty reply from server

(备注：如果用浏览器访问，则提示“无法连接”)

服务器对于请求返回了空，但mongrel已经正常启动了。

依然存在，故之前的使用命令：rails server mongrel -e development -b 0.0.0.0 -p 80 -P tmp/pids/server.pid

启动成功不是问题根因，不能解决该问题。继续查找资料，没有发现对于该问题的描述，后来推测可能是rails版本太新导致的，故卸载了已安装的Rails 4.1.6，安装Rails 3.2.0,重新生成工程，再次使用mongrel_rails start启动服务，发现可以正常启动，

再次键入地址进行访问：

curl http://127.0.0.1:3000

成功返回了html页面代码：

  <body>    <div id="page">      <div id="sidebar">        <ul id="sidebar-items">          <li>            <h3>Browse the documentation</h3>            <ul class="links">              <li><a href="http://guides.rubyonrails.org/">Rails Guides</a></li>              <li><a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/">Rails API</a></li>              <li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/">Ruby core</a></li>              <li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/">Ruby standard library</a></li>            </ul>          </li>        </ul>      </div>      <div id="content">        <div id="header">          <h1>Welcome aboard</h1>          <h2>You’re riding Ruby on Rails!</h2>        </div>        <div id="about">          <h3><a href="rails/info/properties" onclick="about(); return false">About your application’s environment</a></h3>          <div id="about-content" style="display: none"></div>        </div>        <div id="getting-started">          <h1>Getting started</h1>          <h2>Here’s how to get rolling:</h2>          <ol>            <li>              <h2>Use <code>rails generate</code> to create your models and controllers</h2>              <p>To see all available options, run it without parameters.</p>            </li>            <li>              <h2>Set up a default route and remove <span class="filename">public/index.html</span></h2>              <p>Routes are set up in <span class="filename">config/routes.rb</span>.</p>            </li>            <li>              <h2>Create your database</h2>              <p>Run <code>rake db:create</code> to create your database. If you're not using SQLite (the default), edit <span class="filename">config/database.yml</span> with your username and password.</p>            </li>          </ol>        </div>      </div>      <div id="footer"> </div>    </div>  </body></html>

成功了！！
到此在CentOS7环境下，已成功搭建好了mongrel和rails！下节将介绍安装使用mongrel_cluster插件实现mongrel服务的集群。

4. 安装mongrel_cluster插件实现mongrel集群

使用mongrel_rails start

启动的应用服务是单进程的，既只能绑定且监听某一IP的一个端口，故当出现大量HTTP请求时，只能按请求的先后顺序串行处理来自客户端的HTTP请求，如此性能低下。而是用mongrel_cluster插件后，可以指定多个mongrel实例绑定到同一IP的不同端口上，实现并行处理HTTP请求，再配合nginx的负载均衡，可以大大提高服务器性能。

首先安装mongrel_cluster插件：

gem install mongrel_cluster -V

然后配置mongrel_cluster

在Rails项目的根目录下执行以下命令，生成config/mongrel_cluster.yml 文件，供启用mongrel集群使用

mongrel_rails cluster::configure -e production -p 3000 -a 127.0.0.1 -N 2

有关cluster::configure 更多参数使用可借助帮助命令查看

mongrel_rails cluster::configure -h

生成的文件内容如下：

---address: 127.0.0.1log_file: log/mongrel.logport: "3000"environment: productionpid_file: tmp/pids/mongrel.pidservers: 2

启用mongrel_cluster

mongrel_rails cluster::startstarting port 3000starting port 3001

键入地址进行访问：

curl http://127.0.0.1:3000

 <body>    <div id="page">      <div id="sidebar">        <ul id="sidebar-items">          <li>            <h3>Browse the documentation</h3>            <ul class="links">              <li><a href="http://guides.rubyonrails.org/">Rails Guides</a></li>              <li><a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/">Rails API</a></li>              <li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/">Ruby core</a></li>              <li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/">Ruby standard library</a></li>            </ul>          </li>        </ul>      </div>      <div id="content">        <div id="header">          <h1>Welcome aboard</h1>          <h2>You’re riding Ruby on Rails!</h2>        </div>        <div id="about">          <h3><a href="rails/info/properties" onclick="about(); return false">About your application’s environment</a></h3>          <div id="about-content" style="display: none"></div>        </div>        <div id="getting-started">          <h1>Getting started</h1>          <h2>Here’s how to get rolling:</h2>          <ol>            <li>              <h2>Use <code>rails generate</code> to create your models and controllers</h2>              <p>To see all available options, run it without parameters.</p>            </li>            <li>              <h2>Set up a default route and remove <span class="filename">public/index.html</span></h2>              <p>Routes are set up in <span class="filename">config/routes.rb</span>.</p>            </li>            <li>              <h2>Create your database</h2>              <p>Run <code>rake db:create</code> to create your database. If you're not using SQLite (the default), edit <span class="filename">config/database.yml</span> with your username and password.</p>            </li>          </ol>        </div>      </div>      <div id="footer"> </div>    </div>  </body></html>

curl http://127.0.0.1:3001

  <body>    <div id="page">      <div id="sidebar">        <ul id="sidebar-items">          <li>            <h3>Browse the documentation</h3>            <ul class="links">              <li><a href="http://guides.rubyonrails.org/">Rails Guides</a></li>              <li><a href="http://api.rubyonrails.org/">Rails API</a></li>              <li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/core/">Ruby core</a></li>              <li><a href="http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib/">Ruby standard library</a></li>            </ul>          </li>        </ul>      </div>      <div id="content">        <div id="header">          <h1>Welcome aboard</h1>          <h2>You’re riding Ruby on Rails!</h2>        </div>        <div id="about">          <h3><a href="rails/info/properties" onclick="about(); return false">About your application’s environment</a></h3>          <div id="about-content" style="display: none"></div>        </div>        <div id="getting-started">          <h1>Getting started</h1>          <h2>Here’s how to get rolling:</h2>          <ol>            <li>              <h2>Use <code>rails generate</code> to create your models and controllers</h2>              <p>To see all available options, run it without parameters.</p>            </li>            <li>              <h2>Set up a default route and remove <span class="filename">public/index.html</span></h2>              <p>Routes are set up in <span class="filename">config/routes.rb</span>.</p>            </li>            <li>              <h2>Create your database</h2>              <p>Run <code>rake db:create</code> to create your database. If you're not using SQLite (the default), edit <span class="filename">config/database.yml</span> with your username and password.</p>            </li>          </ol>        </div>      </div>      <div id="footer"> </div>    </div>  </body></html>

成功，到此mongrel_cluster集群集成完毕！

关闭集群命令：

mongrel_rails cluster::stop

4. 安装配置Nginx (如果想系统学习Nginx请下载Nginx权威书籍阅读Nginx模块开发与架构解析)

4.1安装nginx

下载地址 http://nginx.org/en/download.html

我下载的版本是: nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz

解压安装

tar -zxvf nginx-1.6.2.tar.gzcd nginx-1.6.2.tar.gz/./configuremakemake install

默认情况下安装目录是 /usr/local/nginx

4.2 配置nginx (深入学习Nginx请阅读：)

编辑 emacs /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf，以下是添加的内容

upstream mongrel {  server 127.0.0.1:3000;  server 127.0.0.1:3001;}# rails serverserver {  listen 80;  server_name redmine.moon.ossxp.com;  root /home/zhangwei/workspace/blog/public; #注意这里一定要指向Rails应用的public目录  index index.html index.htm;  location / {    proxy_pass http://mongrel;    proxy_redirect off;    proxy_set_header Host $host;    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;  }}

启用mongrel_cluster

mongrel_rails cluster::startstarting port 3000starting port 3001

启用nginx

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

测试是否部署成功

键入 curl http://localhost按回车键，如果显示rails主页，则证明部署成功。

常用命令：

关闭mongrel_cluster

mongrel_rails cluster::stop

关闭nginx

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit(“优雅地”停止)

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop (快速停止)

到此，CentOS7 上部署Nginx+Mongrel+Rails彻底完成！(结束)

5.局域网其他电脑无法访问服务器rails应用问题

在安装部署成功后，我尝试通过局域网其他电脑访问服务器上的rails应用：（备注，我服务器ip:192.168.1.104）

浏览器地址栏输入：http://192.168.1.104:3000 按回车后提示无法连接，原因为：防火墙设置未开放端口。故解决办法如下：

由于CentOS 7.0默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙，这里为方便操作改为iptables防火墙。

1、关闭firewall：

systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall

systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall开机启动

2、安装iptables防火墙

yum install iptables-services #安装

3、修改iptables防火墙配置，设置生效

emacs /etc/sysconfig/iptables #编辑防火墙配置文件

原文件内容如下：

# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.*filter:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibitedCOMMIT

由于我的rails服务绑定起始端口为：3000，服务数量为2，故需要开放的端口为：3000,3001。则添加这两个端口的开放配置：

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3001 -j ACCEPT

修改后的文件为：

# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.*filter:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT<pre name="code" class="plain">-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3001 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibitedCOMMIT

保存退出。

systemctl restart iptables.service #最后重启防火墙使配置生效

systemctl enable iptables.service #设置防火墙开机启动

重新启动服务，另一台电脑再次访问：http://192.168.1.104:3000

成功显示rails首页。

0 0