Docker container 容器介绍
来源：互联网 发布：windows常用端口 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/05/29 18:31
容器操作
使用 docker 命令行操作 docker 容器
启动容器
core@localhost ~ $ docker runUsage: docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]Run a command in a new container -a, --attach=[] Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR. -c, --cpu-shares=0 CPU shares (relative weight) --cap-add=[] Add Linux capabilities --cap-drop=[] Drop Linux capabilities --cidfile="" Write the container ID to the file --cpuset="" CPUs in which to allow execution (0-3, 0,1) -d, --detach=false Detached mode: run container in the background and print new container ID --device=[] Add a host device to the container (e.g. --device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc) --dns=[] Set custom DNS servers --dns-search=[] Set custom DNS search domains -e, --env=[] Set environment variables --entrypoint="" Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image --env-file=[] Read in a line delimited file of environment variables --expose=[] Expose a port from the container without publishing it to your host -h, --hostname="" Container host name -i, --interactive=false Keep STDIN open even if not attached --link=[] Add link to another container in the form of name:alias --lxc-conf=[] (lxc exec-driver only) Add custom lxc options --lxc-conf="lxc.cgroup.cpuset.cpus = 0,1" -m, --memory="" Memory limit (format: <number><optional unit>, where unit = b, k, m or g) --name="" Assign a name to the container --net="bridge" Set the Network mode for the container 'bridge': creates a new network stack for the container on the docker bridge 'none': no networking for this container 'container:<name|id>': reuses another container network stack 'host': use the host network stack inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure. -P, --publish-all=false Publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces -p, --publish=[] Publish a container's port to the host format: ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort (use 'docker port' to see the actual mapping) --privileged=false Give extended privileges to this container --restart="" Restart policy to apply when a container exits (no, on-failure, always) --rm=false Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d) --sig-proxy=true Proxy received signals to the process (even in non-TTY mode). SIGCHLD, SIGSTOP, and SIGKILL are not proxied. -t, --tty=false Allocate a pseudo-TTY -u, --user="" Username or UID -v, --volume=[] Bind mount a volume (e.g., from the host: -v /host:/container, from Docker: -v /container) --volumes-from=[] Mount volumes from the specified container(s) -w, --workdir="" Working directory inside the container容器启动可以使用上述参数，下面是一些常见的参数的使用示例：
core@localhost ~ $ docker run -ti ubuntu:14.04 /bin/bashroot@fd2db7b20f6b:/## -t 表示返回一个 tty 终端，-i 表示打开容器的标准输入，使用这个命令可以得到一个容器的 shell 终端，如果不使用 dockerfile 的话，可以使用这种方式来对容器做一些更改，然后使用「docker commit」提交到新的 image#让我们打开另外一个终端，查看下当前运行的容器core@localhost ~ $ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESfd2db7b20f6b dl.dockerpool.com:5000/ubuntu:14.04 "/bin/bash" 23 seconds ago Up 22 seconds thirsty_hawking9cb2e45814e0 4b32789c7d66 "/run.sh" 21 hours ago Up 21 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp loving_feynmane3c136d76b44 tutum/tomcat:8.0 "/run.sh" 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp tomcat001fe9e65aaf58c dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7 "/entrypoint.sh mysq 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 3306/tcp db001,tomcat001/tomysql#可以看到 fd2db7b20f6b 正处于运行中root@fd2db7b20f6b:/# exitexit#当我们 「exit」 退出的时候，再查看下「docker ps」core@localhost ~ $ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9cb2e45814e0 4b32789c7d66 "/run.sh" 21 hours ago Up 21 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp loving_feynmane3c136d76b44 tutum/tomcat:8.0 "/run.sh" 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp tomcat001fe9e65aaf58c dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7 "/entrypoint.sh mysq 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 3306/tcp db001,tomcat001/tomysql#我们发现容器已经退出了，所以这种启动的方法不是我们使用容器来运行服务的好办法core@localhost ~ $ docker imagesREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEbase/163 latest 468d347c06bc 46 hours ago 249.1 MBtest/supervisord latest 468d347c06bc 46 hours ago 249.1 MBubuntu 14.04 1357f421be38 5 days ago 192.7 MBdl.dockerpool.com:5000/ubuntu 14.04 1357f421be38 5 days ago 192.7 MBmysql 5.7 e95cbb9f48ea 7 days ago 258.6 MBdl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql 5.7 e95cbb9f48ea 7 days ago 258.6 MB<none> <none> 4b32789c7d66 6 weeks ago 469.8 MBtutum/tomcat 8.0 866eb07a675e 6 weeks ago 539.4 MBtutum/tomcat latest 02e84f04100e 6 weeks ago 539.4 MBdl.dockerpool.com:5000/alexeiled/docker-oracle-xe-11g latest ba16d5d5e1aa 7 months ago 2.388 GBcore@localhost ~ $ docker run -p 100:22 -d base/1636d9542bdc544e20b2f9718633a479e09047abef675ea24377d4daf4f04f20237#这里我们使用了前面创建的 base/163 的容器，并使用了 -p 和 -d 2个参数，他们分别表示映射宿主主机端口和后台运行容器的意思core@localhost ~ $ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES6d9542bdc544 base/163:latest "/usr/bin/supervisor 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:100->22/tcp desperate_franklin9cb2e45814e0 4b32789c7d66 "/run.sh" 21 hours ago Up 21 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp loving_feynmane3c136d76b44 tutum/tomcat:8.0 "/run.sh" 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp tomcat001fe9e65aaf58c dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7 "/entrypoint.sh mysq 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 3306/tcp#从输出的 port 列，我们可以看到 0.0.0.0:100->22/tcp ，它表示该容器映射了宿主主机的 100 端口到容器的 22 端口，即 ssh 服务端口#这样我们就创建了一个具有 ssh 服务的容器，如果需要创建其他类型服务的容器，步骤跟创建 ssh 服务差不多，我们会在后面的章节详细介绍core@localhost ~ $ ssh root@127.0.0.1 -p 100Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-58-generic x86_64) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;the exact distribution terms for each program are described in theindividual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted byapplicable law.root@6d9542bdc544:~#exitlogoutConnection to 127.0.0.1 closed.core@localhost ~ $ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES6d9542bdc544 base/163:latest "/usr/bin/supervisor 11 minutes ago Up 11 minutes 0.0.0.0:100->22/tcp desperate_franklin9cb2e45814e0 4b32789c7d66 "/run.sh" 21 hours ago Up 21 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp loving_feynmane3c136d76b44 tutum/tomcat:8.0 "/run.sh" 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp tomcat001fe9e65aaf58c dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7 "/entrypoint.sh mysq 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 3306/tcp db001,tomcat001/tomysql#我们从 ssh 终端退出后，容器也不会停止注意：如果读者没有跟着我们的教程来创建 base/163 的镜像，这里是看不到的这个 images 的，点击这里查看教程 另外，还有一些如 -v --link 等与容器数据存储和网络相关的参数将相关章节再详细介绍
停止容器
core@localhost ~ $ docker stopUsage: docker stop [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]Stop a running container by sending SIGTERM and then SIGKILL after a grace period -t, --time=10 Number of seconds to wait for the container to stop before killing it.Default is 10 seconds.#还可以设定在强制杀死容器进程之前等待多少秒来等待容器停止，一般使用默认值即可core@localhost ~ $ docker stop 6d9#也可以使用容器的名称来停止，停止多个容器在每个容器之间加空格即可6d9core@localhost ~ $ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9cb2e45814e0 4b32789c7d66 "/run.sh" 21 hours ago Up 21 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp loving_feynmane3c136d76b44 tutum/tomcat:8.0 "/run.sh" 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp tomcat001fe9e65aaf58c dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7 "/entrypoint.sh mysq 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 3306/tcp db001,tomcat001/tomysql删除容器
core@localhost ~ $ docker rmUsage: docker rm [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]Remove one or more containers -f, --force=false Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL) #使用 SIGKILL 强制删除一个正在运行的容器 -l, --link=false Remove the specified link and not the underlying container #删除容器的连接，而非容器 -v, --volumes=false Remove the volumes associated with the container #删除容器相关的数据卷core@localhost ~ $ docker start 6d96d9core@localhost ~ $ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES6d9542bdc544 base/163:latest "/usr/bin/supervisor 25 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:100->22/tcp desperate_franklin9cb2e45814e0 4b32789c7d66 "/run.sh" 21 hours ago Up 21 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp loving_feynmane3c136d76b44 tutum/tomcat:8.0 "/run.sh" 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp tomcat001fe9e65aaf58c dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7 "/entrypoint.sh mysq 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 3306/tcp db001,tomcat001/tomysql#当我们使用「docker stop」停止一个容器之后，容器并没有被删除，我们还可以使用「docker start」来启动它core@localhost ~ $ docker start 6d96d9core@localhost ~ $ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES6d9542bdc544 base/163:latest "/usr/bin/supervisor 25 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:100->22/tcp desperate_franklin9cb2e45814e0 4b32789c7d66 "/run.sh" 21 hours ago Up 21 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp loving_feynmane3c136d76b44 tutum/tomcat:8.0 "/run.sh" 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp tomcat001fe9e65aaf58c dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7 "/entrypoint.sh mysq 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 3306/tcp db001,tomcat001/tomysqlcore@localhost ~ $ docker rm -f 6d9#使用 -f 强制删除容器6d9core@localhost ~ $ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9cb2e45814e0 4b32789c7d66 "/run.sh" 22 hours ago Up 22 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp loving_feynmane3c136d76b44 tutum/tomcat:8.0 "/run.sh" 24 hours ago Up 24 hours 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp tomcat001fe9e65aaf58c dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7 "/entrypoint.sh mysq 24 hours ago Up 24 hours 3306/tcp db001,tomcat001/tomysqlcore@localhost ~ $ docker rm -l tomcat001/tomysqltomcat001/tomysql#使用 -l 删除了之前建立的到 mysql 的连接core@localhost ~ $ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES9cb2e45814e0 4b32789c7d66 "/run.sh" 22 hours ago Up 22 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp loving_feynmane3c136d76b44 tutum/tomcat:8.0 "/run.sh" 24 hours ago Up 24 hours 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp tomcat001fe9e65aaf58c dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7 "/entrypoint.sh mysq 24 hours ago Up 24 hours 3306/tcp db001core@localhost ~ $导出容器
core@localhost ~ $ docker exportUsage: docker export CONTAINERExport the contents of a filesystem as a tar archive to STDOUTcore@localhost ~ $ docker run -d base/1635883b400a03ed81b76a22badeb8948642023dd4b64c083cc74e787a2e3d7f7a4core@localhost ~ $ docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES5883b400a03e base/163:latest "/usr/bin/supervisor 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 22/tcp agitated_heisenberg9cb2e45814e0 4b32789c7d66 "/run.sh" 23 hours ago Up 23 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp loving_feynmane3c136d76b44 tutum/tomcat:8.0 "/run.sh" 24 hours ago Up 24 hours 0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp tomcat001fe9e65aaf58c dl.dockerpool.com:5000/mysql:5.7 "/entrypoint.sh mysq 24 hours ago Up 24 hours 3306/tcp db001core@localhost ~ $ docker export 588 >>base/163.tarcore@localhost ~/base $ ls -lhtotal 227M-rw-r--r-- 1 core core 227M Oct 16 03:00 163.tar#导出了一个227Ｍ的文件，我们又可以将他导入成为 images容器原理
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