kali学习记录之端口扫描

        端口扫描的目的是识别目标系统中哪些端口是开启状态，哪些服务可以使用。比如FTP/SSH/TELNET/打印服务/web服务等等。计算机系统中共有65536个端口，因此连接这些端口并扫描出可用的端口就变的有意义了。

1、网络连接

kali的网络默认是 设备未托管状态，因此需要开启。开启方法：

      修改/etc/NetworkManager/下的NetworkManger.conf文件，

managed = false修改为true

重启机子

2、FPing工具

root@walfred:~# fping -hUsage: fping [options] [targets...]   -a         show targets that are alive   -A         show targets by address   -b n       amount of ping data to send, in bytes (default 56)   -B f       set exponential backoff factor to f   -c n       count of pings to send to each target (default 1)   -C n       same as -c, report results in verbose format   -e         show elapsed time on return packets   -f file    read list of targets from a file ( - means stdin) (only if no -g specified)   -g         generate target list (only if no -f specified)                (specify the start and end IP in the target list, or supply a IP netmask)                (ex. fping -g 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.255 or fping -g 192.168.1.0/24)   -H n       Set the IP TTL value (Time To Live hops)   -i n       interval between sending ping packets (in millisec) (default 25)   -l         loop sending pings forever   -m         ping multiple interfaces on target host   -n         show targets by name (-d is equivalent)   -p n       interval between ping packets to one target (in millisec)                (in looping and counting modes, default 1000)   -q         quiet (don't show per-target/per-ping results)   -Q n       same as -q, but show summary every n seconds   -r n       number of retries (default 3)   -s         print final stats   -I if      bind to a particular interface   -S addr    set source address   -t n       individual target initial timeout (in millisec) (default 500)   -T n       ignored (for compatibility with fping 2.4)   -u         show targets that are unreachable   -O n       set the type of service (tos) flag on the ICMP packets   -v         show version   targets    list of targets to check (if no -f specified)

3、Nmap工具

使用方法：

root@walfred:~# nmap -hNmap 6.47 ( http://nmap.org )Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}TARGET SPECIFICATION:  Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.  Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254  -iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks  -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from fileHOST DISCOVERY:     主机网络发现功能  -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery  禁止网络发现功能，认为所有主机在线  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each hostSCAN TECHNIQUES:  -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans       SYN/TCP/ACK/windown/conn扫描参数  -sU: UDP Scan                                                    UDP扫描参数指定  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans                         NULL/FIN/xmas扫描  --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags  -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans  -sO: IP protocol scan  -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scanPORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:  -p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports    Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info  --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)SCRIPT SCAN:  -sC: equivalent to --script=default  --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of            directories, script-files or script-categories  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.  --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.           <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or           script-categories.OS DETECTION:  -O: Enable OS detection  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressivelyTIMING AND PERFORMANCE:  Options which take <time> are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies      probe round trip time.  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per secondFIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:  -f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys  -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address  -e <iface>: Use specified interface  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number  --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets  --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field  --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksumOUTPUT:  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.  -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)  --log-errors: Log errors/warnings to the normal-format output file  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan  --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML outputMISC:  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute  --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges  -V: Print version number  -h: Print this help summary page.EXAMPLES:  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80SEE THE MAN PAGE (http://nmap.org/book/man.html) FOR MORE OPTIONS AND EXAMPLES

3.1Nmap执行TCP扫描

-sT 对TCP进行扫描

-p- 对所有端口扫描

-PN 禁用Nmap网络发现功能，假定所有系统都是活动的

root@walfred:~# nmap -sT -p- -PN   192.168.115.1Starting Nmap 6.47 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-10-23 20:38 CSTStats: 0:12:34 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing Connect ScanConnect Scan Timing: About 90.20% done; ETC: 20:51 (0:01:22 remaining)Stats: 0:16:16 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing Connect ScanConnect Scan Timing: About 94.41% done; ETC: 20:55 (0:00:58 remaining)Nmap scan report for 192.168.115.1Host is up (0.0022s latency).Not shown: 65533 closed portsPORT   STATE SERVICE23/tcp open  telnet80/tcp open  httpNmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1274.21 seconds

3.2Nmap执行UDP扫描

扫描udp也是有理由的，比如一些基于udp的服务，SNMP、TFTP、DHCP、DNS等等

root@walfred:~# nmap -sU 192.168.115.188Starting Nmap 6.47 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-10-23 20:21 CSTNmap scan report for 192.168.115.188Host is up (0.00069s latency).Not shown: 994 closed portsPORT     STATE         SERVICE137/udp  open          netbios-ns138/udp  open|filtered netbios-dgm500/udp  open|filtered isakmp1900/udp open|filtered upnp4500/udp open|filtered nat-t-ike5355/udp open|filtered llmnrMAC Address: xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Universal Global Scientific Industrial Co.)Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 974.78 seconds

3.3Nmap执行SYN扫描

nmap默认就是这种方式。这种方式要比TCP扫描快，因为只执行三次握手的前两次。也不会造成拒绝服务攻击

root@walfred:~# nmap -sS -p- -PN 192.168.115.1Starting Nmap 6.47 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-10-23 20:26 CSTNmap scan report for 192.168.115.1Host is up (0.0020s latency).Not shown: 65533 closed portsPORT   STATE SERVICE23/tcp open  telnet80/tcp open  httpMAC Address: xxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Digital China (Shanghai) Networks)Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 368.52 seconds

哇偶，竟然开放了telnet....

3.3Nmap执行Xmas扫描

RFC文档描述了系统的技术细节，因此如果得到RFC文档，那么就可能找到系统的漏洞，xmas和null扫描的目的正是基于这一原因。

如果系统遵循了TCP RFC文档，那么不用完成连接，仅仅在发起连接的时候，namp就可以判断出目标系统的状态。

但是一般xmas针对unix或者linux系统比较有效。

root@walfred:~# nmap -sX -p- -Pn  192.168.115.1Starting Nmap 6.47 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-10-23 20:42 CSTNmap scan report for 192.168.115.1Host is up (0.0029s latency).Not shown: 65533 closed portsPORT   STATE         SERVICE23/tcp open|filtered telnet80/tcp open|filtered httpMAC Address: XXXXXXXXXXXXX (Digital China (Shanghai) Networks)Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 382.91 seconds

3.4Nmap执行Null

root@walfred:~# nmap -sN -p- -Pn  192.168.115.1Starting Nmap 6.47 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2014-10-23 20:49 CSTStats: 0:04:54 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing NULL ScanNULL Scan Timing: About 78.30% done; ETC: 20:55 (0:01:20 remaining)Nmap scan report for 192.168.115.1Host is up (0.0018s latency).Not shown: 65533 closed portsPORT   STATE         SERVICE23/tcp open|filtered telnet80/tcp open|filtered httpMAC Address: XXXXXXXXXXXXX (Digital China (Shanghai) Networks)Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 376.37 seconds