字符函数库 cctype

<cctype> (ctype.h)

Character handling functions

This header declares a set of functions to classify and transform individual characters.

Functions

These functions take the int equivalent of one character as parameter and return an int that can either be another character or a value representing a boolean value: an int value of 0 means false, and an int value different from 0represents true.

There are two sets of functions:

Character classification functions

They check whether the character passed as parameter belongs to a certain category:

isalnum

Check if character is alphanumeric (function )

isalpha

Check if character is alphabetic (function )

isblank 

Check if character is blank (function )

iscntrl

Check if character is a control character (function )

isdigit

Check if character is decimal digit (function )

isgraph

Check if character has graphical representation (function )

islower

Check if character is lowercase letter (function )

isprint

Check if character is printable (function )

ispunct

Check if character is a punctuation character (function )

isspace

Check if character is a white-space (function )

isupper

Check if character is uppercase letter (function )

isxdigit

Check if character is hexadecimal digit (function )

Character conversion functions

Two functions that convert between letter cases:

tolower

Convert uppercase letter to lowercase (function )

toupper

Convert lowercase letter to uppercase (function )

For the first set, here is a map of how the original 127-character ASCII set is considered by each function (an x indicates that the function returns true on that character)

ASCII valuescharactersiscntrlisblankisspaceisupperislowerisalphaisdigitisxdigitisalnumispunctisgraphisprint0x00 .. 0x08NUL, (other control codes)x           0x09tab ('\t')xxx         0x0A .. 0x0D(white-space control codes:'\f','\v','\n','\r')x x         0x0E .. 0x1F(other control codes)x           0x20space (' ') xx        x0x21 .. 0x2F!"#$%&'()*+,-./         xxx0x30 .. 0x390123456789      xxx xx0x3a .. 0x40:;<=>?@         xxx0x41 .. 0x46ABCDEF   x x xx xx0x47 .. 0x5AGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ   x x  x xx0x5B .. 0x60[\]^_`         xxx0x61 .. 0x66abcdef    xx xx xx0x67 .. 0x7Aghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz    xx  x xx0x7B .. 0x7E{|}~         xxx0x7F(DEL)x           
The characters in the extended character set (above 0x7F) may belong to diverse categories depending on the locale and the platform. As a general rule, ispunct, isgraph and isprint return true on these for the standard C locale on most platforms supporting extended character sets.