C#中Excel文件操作方式及操作类

来源：互联网发布：6年java程序员工资编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/06/07 11:27

对Excel文件的操作方式有两种：一种是使用像数据库一样操作，另一种是使用DCOM方式。

第一种方法比较简单，效率也较高，但使用起来功能少，不灵活。使用方式如下：

引入命名空间：using System.Data.OleDb;

string connString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + FileName +";Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";
    OleDbConnection objConn = new OleDbConnection(connString);
    OleDbCommand objCmd = new OleDbCommand();
    objCmd.Connection = objConn;
    objConn.Open();

//建立表结构
insertSql = @"CREATE TABLE Sheet1(column1 varchar,column2 integer)";

objCmd.CommandText = insertSql;
objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

//建立插入动作的Command
     insertSql = "INSERT INTO Sheet1(" + temp + ") values('aaaa',102)";
     objCmd.CommandText = insertSql;
     objCmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

完全和对数据库的操作一样。这种操作不能对Excel文件的格式进行设置。

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

第二种操作方式：

1、在引用中添加对Excel的引用

2、需要命名空间

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;
using System.Threading;
using System.Diagnostics;

2、操作方法：

string staFile = ""; //设置要保存的Excel文件的名称
   System.Windows.Forms.SaveFileDialog sfd = new System.Windows.Forms.SaveFileDialog();
   sfd.FileName = "";
   //sfd.CheckFileExists = true;
   sfd.CheckPathExists = true;
   sfd.DefaultExt = "xls";
   sfd.Filter = "Excel files (*.xls)|*.xls|All files (*.*)|*.*";
   sfd.InitialDirectory = "D;//";
   sfd.RestoreDirectory = true;
   if(sfd.ShowDialog() == System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK)
    staFile = sfd.FileName;
   else
    return false;
   if(staFile.IndexOf(".xls") < 0)
    staFile += ".xls";
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////开始操作Excel对象//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
   System.Reflection.Missing oMiss = System.Reflection.Missing.Value;

Excel.ApplicationClass m_objExcel = new Excel.ApplicationClass();//生成Excel对象
m_objExcel.Visible = false;

   Excel.Workbooks m_objBooks = (Excel.Workbooks)m_objExcel.Workbooks;
   Excel.Workbook m_objBook = (Excel.Workbook)(m_objBooks.Add(oMiss));
   Excel.Worksheet m_objSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)m_objBook.ActiveSheet;

   //********************向Excel文件中写入数据********************************************
   //表头
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A1",(object)"I1").MergeCells = true;//合并A1到L1的单元格
   Excel.Range er = m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A1",oMiss);
   er.Value2 = sName + " 在 /"" + sExamName + "/" 中的考试结果细目";
   er.HorizontalAlignment = Excel.Constants.xlCenter; //设置单元格的水平对齐方式
   er.VerticalAlignment = Excel.Constants.xlBottom;
   er.Font.Bold = true; //设置字体
   er.Font.Size = 16;
   er.Font.Name = "宋体";
   //考生信息
   er = m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A2",oMiss);
   er.Value2 = "考生信息：";
   er.Font.Bold = true;
   er.ColumnWidth = 11;

   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E2",(object)"F2").MergeCells = true;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"G2",(object)"H2").MergeCells = true;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E3",(object)"F3").MergeCells = true;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"G3",(object)"H3").MergeCells = true;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"B2",oMiss).Value2 = "登录帐号"; //为单元格输入文字
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"C2",oMiss).Value2 = "真实姓名";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"D2",oMiss).Value2 = "所在部门";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E2",oMiss).Value2 = "开始时间";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"G2",oMiss).Value2 = "结束时间";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"I2",oMiss).Value2 = "总成绩";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"J2",oMiss).Value2 = "考试状态";

   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"B3",oMiss).Value2 = sUsername;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"C3",oMiss).Value2 = sName;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"D3",oMiss).Value2 = sDepartment;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E3",oMiss).Value2 = sBTime;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"G3",oMiss).Value2 = sETime;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"I3",oMiss).Value2 = sScore;
   if( sStatus == "1" )
    sStatus = "完成";
   else if( sStatus == "-1")
    sStatus = "未完成";
   else if(sStatus == "0")
    sStatus = "未评分";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"J3",oMiss).Value2 = sStatus;

   //试卷信息
   er = m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A5",oMiss);
   er.Value2 = "试卷信息：";
   er.Font.Bold = true;

m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E5",(object)"F5").MergeCells = true;
m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E6",(object)"F6").MergeCells = true;

   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"B5",oMiss).Value2 = "试卷名称";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"C5",oMiss).Value2 = "试卷分数";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"D5",oMiss).Value2 = "及格分数";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E5",oMiss).Value2 = "考试时间（分钟）";

   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"B6",oMiss).Value2 = sExamName;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"C6",oMiss).Value2 = sFS;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"D6",oMiss).Value2 = sPS;
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E6",oMiss).Value2 = sTime;

   //试题细目
   er = m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A8",oMiss);
   er.Value2 = "试题细目：";
   er.Font.Bold = true;

   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"A9",oMiss).Value2 = "编号";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"B9",oMiss).Value2 = "题型";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"C9",oMiss).Value2 = "知识点";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"D9",oMiss).Value2 = "题目内容";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"E9",oMiss).Value2 = "可选项";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"F9",oMiss).Value2 = "标准答案";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"G9",oMiss).Value2 = "试题分数";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"H9",oMiss).Value2 = "考生答案";
   m_objSheet.get_Range((object)"I9",oMiss).Value2 = "考生得分";

   //开始对试卷中的每一试题进行输出
   object oTemp = "";
   int colNum = 0;
   string strIndex ="";
   string sAns = "",sSco = "0";
   fScore = 0;

   XmlNodeList TmNodes = xmlDoc.SelectNodes("//paper/tm");
   int iIndex = 10;
   for(int i=0; i<TmNodes.Count; i++)
   {
    colNum = iIndex;
    oTemp = "A" + colNum.ToString();
    m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 =strIndex = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("exam_gd_tm_id").InnerText;
    oTemp = "B" + colNum.ToString();
    m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("tx_name").InnerText;
    oTemp = "C" + colNum.ToString();
    m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("tm_key").InnerText;
    oTemp = "D" + colNum.ToString();
    m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("title").InnerText;
    oTemp = "E" + colNum.ToString();
    m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("options").InnerText;
    oTemp = "F" + colNum.ToString();
    m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("answers").InnerText;

    oTemp = "G" + colNum.ToString();
    fScore = float.Parse(TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("score").InnerText == "" ? "0":TmNodes[i].SelectSingleNode("score").InnerText);
    fScore *= fRate;
    m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = fScore.ToString("#,##0.00;(#,##0.00);0");

    //考生答案及得分
    getUserData(strIndex,ref sAns,ref sSco);
    oTemp = "H" + colNum.ToString();
    m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = sAns;
    oTemp = "I" + colNum.ToString();
    m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = sSco;

iIndex ++;

    //子题
    if(TmNodes[i].ChildNodes.Count > 10)
    {
     for(int j=10; j<TmNodes[i].ChildNodes.Count; j++)
     {
      XmlNode node = TmNodes[i].ChildNodes[j];
      colNum = iIndex;
      oTemp = "A" + colNum.ToString();
      strIndex = node.SelectSingleNode("exam_gd_tm_id").InnerText;
      m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = strIndex;
      oTemp = "B" + colNum.ToString();
      m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = node.SelectSingleNode("tx_name").InnerText;
      oTemp = "C" + colNum.ToString();
      m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = node.SelectSingleNode("tm_key").InnerText;
      oTemp = "D" + colNum.ToString();
      m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = node.SelectSingleNode("title").InnerText;
      oTemp = "E" + colNum.ToString();
      m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = node.SelectSingleNode("options").InnerText;
      oTemp = "F" + colNum.ToString();
      m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = node.SelectSingleNode("answers").InnerText;

      oTemp = "G" + colNum.ToString();
      fScore = float.Parse(node.SelectSingleNode("score").InnerText == "" ? "0":node.SelectSingleNode("score").InnerText);
      fScore *= fRate;
      m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = fScore.ToString("#,##0.00;(#,##0.00);0");

      //考生答案及得分
      getUserData(strIndex,ref sAns,ref sScore);
      oTemp = "H" + colNum.ToString();
      m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = sAns;
      oTemp = "I" + colNum.ToString();
      m_objSheet.get_Range( oTemp,oMiss).Value2 = sScore;

      iIndex ++;
     }
    }
   }


   //保存并关闭Excel
   m_objBook.SaveAs(staFile, oMiss, oMiss, oMiss, oMiss,oMiss, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, oMiss,oMiss,oMiss, oMiss);
   m_objBook.Close(false, oMiss, oMiss);
   m_objBooks.Close();
   m_objExcel.Quit();

   System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(er); //这些操作很重要，释放Excel进程
   System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_objSheet);
   System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_objBook);
   System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_objBooks);
   System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(m_objExcel);
   GC.Collect();

//******************************

注：以上关于Excel对象里的一些属性如果不全知道的话，可以通过使用Excel文件里的宏得到。

打开一个Excel文件，工具-》宏-》录制新宏。这样以后你对Excel的所有操作都会被记录下来。操作完成后可以查看刚才录制的宏。通过查看宏文件就可以大概知道某一操作对应什么方法了。但要在C#的Excel对象中使用，和宏里的还不大一样。这时你可以通过.net里的对象浏览器来查找对应的方法或属性的命字和使用方法。