Linux IPC备忘

      大概在很久之前就一直关注的ipc问题因为一直没有怎么使用也不是很明了，实在是为了自己的懒惰而汗颜了。经典的ipc里面除了自己曾经用到过的 pthread_mutex之外，对其他的几种都不了解。自己学习的话也说了不少，可是都没有什么效果，看书似乎都看不动。
        最近整理了一下几种ipc方式的使用，一些小问题，在此存档：
一.posix的msgqueue的支持问题。
        要说明的是从一开始就觉得所谓的posix的兼容是很好的一个东西，而linux对posix的兼容性很好也是一直以来发展linuxer的一个重要的游 说砝码。但是在开始测试posix message queue的时候遭到了当头一棒。程序编译通过，连接出错！然后google到nptl的知识，声称posix msgqueue的支持在mm分支中发展。晕先。不甘心的同时在新下载的2.6.18里面发现了如下说明：

2.6.18的内核里面关于posix message-queue的选项说明：
    CONFIG_POSIX_MQUEUE:                                                      
                                                                           
   POSIX variant of message queues is a part of IPC. In POSIX message     
   queues every message has a priority which decides about succession     
   of receiving it by a process. If you want to compile and run           
   programs written e.g. for Solaris with use of its POSIX message        
   queues (functions mq_*) say Y here. To use this feature you will       
   also need mqueue library, available from                               
   <http://www.mat.uni.torun.pl/~wrona/posix_ipc/>                        
                                                                          
   POSIX message queues are visible as a filesystem called 'mqueue'       
   and can be mounted somewhere if you want to do filesystem              
   operations on message queues.                                          
                                                                          
   If unsure, say Y.                                                      
                                                                          
   Symbol: POSIX_MQUEUE [=y]                                              
   Prompt: POSIX Message Queues                                           
     Defined at init/Kconfig:118                                          
     Depends on: NET && EXPERIMENTAL


    同时在2.6.16里面这个还是没有的，真是庆幸啊，要是早点开始关注这个岂不是要郁闷很久或者麻烦很久。遵照上面内核编译系统给出的信息，上网站一看原 来已经转到了：http://www.geocities.com/wronski12/posix_ipc/index.html.下载了： libmqueue-4.41.tar.gz。经典的三步之后再编译。bingle！
    程序清单：posixqueue.c
#include <mqueue.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define MSGQUEUE_NAME "/tllmsgqueue"
#define MAXMSGNAMELENGTH 32
#define MSGQUEUE_LENGTH 128
#define MSG_LENGTH 64


struct parameters
{
    char msgQueueName[MAXMSGNAMELENGTH];
    struct mq_attr msgattr;
    unsigned int timeInterval;
};


void msgSendThread(void  * data)
{
    //pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    struct parameters * para=(struct parameters *)data;
    mq_unlink(para->msgQueueName);
    mqd_t mqid;
    char  buffer[MSG_LENGTH]={0};
    unsigned int counter=0;
    mode_t mode;
    mode=S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH;
    mqid=mq_open(para->msgQueueName,para->msgattr.mq_flags,mode,&(para->msgattr));
    if(mqid == -1)
    {
        switch(errno)
        {
            case EACCES:
                printf("EACCES------------/n");
                break;
            case EEXIST:
                printf("EEXIST------------/n");
                break;
            case EINTR:
                printf("EINTR------------/n");
                break;
            case EINVAL:
                printf("EINVAL------------/n");
                break;
            case ENAMETOOLONG:
                printf("ENAMETOOLONG------------/n");
            case ENOENT:
                printf("ENOENT------------/n");
                break;
            case ENOMEM:
                printf("ENOMEM------------/n");
                break;
            case ENOSPC:
                printf("ENOSPC------------/n");
                break;
            case EFAULT:
                printf("EFAULT------------/n");
                break;
            case EMFILE:
                printf("EMFILE------------/n");
                break;
            case ENFILE:
                printf("ENFILE------------/n");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        printf("SendThread:open msqueue failed!/n");
        return;
    }

    for(;counter<10;counter++)
    {
        sprintf(buffer,"this is the #%d message",counter);
        mq_send(mqid,buffer,MSG_LENGTH,0);
        printf("send out message:%s./n",buffer);
        sleep(1);
    }
    memset(buffer,0,MSG_LENGTH);
    sprintf(buffer,"quit");
    mq_send(mqid,buffer,MSG_LENGTH,0);
    mq_close(mqid);
    printf("now send thread quit./n");
    return;
}


void msgReceiveThread(void  * data)
{
    //pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    struct parameters * para=(struct parameters *)data;
    mqd_t mqid;
    struct mq_attr privateAttr;
    char  buffer[MSG_LENGTH]={0};
    mode_t mode;
    mode=S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH;
    mqid=mq_open(para->msgQueueName,para->msgattr.mq_flags,mode,&(para->msgattr));
    if(mqid == -1)
    {
        switch(errno)
        {
            case EACCES:
                printf("EACCES------------/n");
                break;
            case EEXIST:
                printf("EEXIST------------/n");
                break;
            case EINTR:
                printf("EINTR------------/n");
                break;
            case EINVAL:
                printf("EINVAL------------/n");
                break;
            case ENAMETOOLONG:
                printf("ENAMETOOLONG------------/n");
            case ENOENT:
                printf("ENOENT------------/n");
                break;
            case ENOMEM:
                printf("ENOMEM------------/n");
                break;
            case ENOSPC:
                printf("ENOSPC------------/n");
                break;
            case EFAULT:
                printf("EFAULT------------/n");
                break;
            case EMFILE:
                printf("EMFILE------------/n");
                break;
            case ENFILE:
                printf("ENFILE------------/n");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }   
        printf("ReceiveThread:open msqueue failed!/n");
        return;
    }

    unsigned int nreads=0;
    for(;;)
    {
        mq_getattr(mqid,&privateAttr);
        while(privateAttr.mq_curmsgs>0)
        {
cread:
            nreads=mq_receive(mqid,buffer,MSG_LENGTH,NULL);
            if(strncmp(buffer,"quit",4) ==0 )
            {
                goto rend;
            }
            printf("/t/tread %d bytes,message is:%s./n",nreads,buffer);
            mq_getattr(mqid,&privateAttr);
        }
        goto cread;
    }

rend:
    mq_unlink(para->msgQueueName);
    mq_close(mqid);
    printf("now receive thread quit./n");
    return;
}


int main(void)
{
    struct parameters myPara;
    memset((void *)&myPara,0,sizeof(struct parameters));

    strncat(myPara.msgQueueName,MSGQUEUE_NAME,MAXMSGNAMELENGTH);
    //myPara.msgattr.mq_flags=O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_NONBLOCK;
    myPara.msgattr.mq_flags=O_RDWR|O_CREAT;
    myPara.msgattr.mq_maxmsg=MSGQUEUE_LENGTH;
    myPara.msgattr.mq_msgsize=MSG_LENGTH;
    myPara.msgattr.mq_curmsgs=0;

    myPara.timeInterval=1;

    pthread_t pids;
    pthread_t pidr;
    pthread_create(&pids,NULL,(void *)msgSendThread,&myPara);
    pthread_create(&pidr,NULL,(void *)msgReceiveThread,&myPara);

    pthread_join(pids,NULL);

    pthread_join(pidr,NULL);

    printf("now main thread quit./n");
    return 0;
}





二.mmap的问题：
        因为前面的posix的消息队列的问题慢慢就觉得posix毕竟还是不如sysV在unix系列的操作系统上来得通用，然后先把sysV的ipc方式都试 用了一遍再试用posix方式的时候，犯了思维惯性的错误。因为sysV的share memory方式是“自动扩展”的（或者是达到一种“自动扩展”的效果），所以在试用posix方式shm的时候没有注意mmap是不具备“自动扩展”功 能的，所以就一直卡在“总线错误”这个运行错误上。其实说起来这个错误提示也是有点怪，google了很久也没有明确的说明。好在最后还是搞定了。

程序清单：posixshm.c
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <mqueue.h>

#include "myerr.h"

#define SEM_WRITER "/tmptestllsemw"
#define SEM_READER "/tmptestllsemr"
#define SHM_NAME "/tmptestllshm"
#define SHMSIZE 64

struct ThreadPara
{
    sem_t * reader;
    sem_t * writer;
    int shmid;
    int shmsize;
};

void writerThread(void  * data)
{
    unsigned int counter=0;
    struct ThreadPara * myPa=(struct ThreadPara *)data;

    char * buffer;
    buffer=mmap(NULL,myPa->shmsize,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,MAP_SHARED,myPa->shmid,0);
    printf("writer:get buffer address is:%x./n",(unsigned int)buffer);
   
    for(counter=0;counter<10;counter++)
    {
        sem_wait(myPa->writer);
        sprintf((char *)buffer,"this is the posix shm #%d message",counter);
        sem_post(myPa->reader);
        sleep(1);
    }
   

    sem_wait(myPa->writer);

    memset(buffer,0,myPa->shmsize);
    sprintf(buffer,"quitnow");

    sem_post(myPa->reader);
    munmap(buffer,myPa->shmsize);

    printf("now send thread quit./n");
    return;
}


void readerThread(void  * data)
{
    struct ThreadPara * myPa=(struct ThreadPara *)data;
    void * buffer;
    buffer=mmap(NULL,myPa->shmsize,PROT_READ|PROT_READ,MAP_SHARED,myPa->shmid,0);
    printf("reader:get buffer address is:%x./n",(unsigned int )buffer);
    for(;;)
    {
        sem_wait(myPa->reader);
        if(strncmp((char *)buffer,"quitnow",7) == 0)
        {
            break;
        }

        printf("/tYes,i got buffer:%s./tthis is shm realization./n",(char *)buffer);

        sem_post(myPa->writer);
    }

    munmap(buffer,myPa->shmsize);
    printf("now receive thread quit./n");
    return;
}


int main(void)
{
    struct ThreadPara myPara;

    int oFlag;
    mode_t oMode;
   
    memset(&myPara,0,sizeof(struct ThreadPara));
   
    oFlag=O_CREAT;
    oMode=S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH;

    sem_unlink(SEM_READER);
    sem_unlink(SEM_WRITER);

    myPara.reader=sem_open(SEM_READER,oFlag,oMode,0);
    if(myPara.reader <= 0)
    {
        printf("get semr err!/n");
        judgeErr(errno);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    myPara.writer=sem_open(SEM_WRITER,oFlag,oMode,1);
    if(myPara.writer <= 0)
    {
        printf("get semw err!/n");
        judgeErr(errno);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    oFlag=O_CREAT|O_RDWR;
    myPara.shmid=shm_open(SHM_NAME,oFlag,oMode);
    if(myPara.shmid < 0)
    {
        printf("get shm err!/n");
        judgeErr(errno);
        goto cleanup;
    }

    printf("shmid:%d./n",myPara.shmid);

    if(lseek(myPara.shmid,SHMSIZE-1,SEEK_SET)<0)
    {
        printf("lseek error./n");
    }
    if(write(myPara.shmid,"",1)!=1)
    {
        printf("write error./n");
    }
   
    myPara.shmsize=SHMSIZE;

    pthread_t pidr;
    pthread_t pidw;

    pthread_create(&pidr,NULL,(void *)readerThread,&myPara);
    pthread_create(&pidw,NULL,(void *)writerThread,&myPara);

    pthread_join(pidr,NULL);
    pthread_join(pidw,NULL);

cleanup:
    sem_unlink(SEM_READER);
    sem_unlink(SEM_WRITER);
    shm_unlink(SHM_NAME);
    printf("main thread quit now./n");
    return 0;
}



三.如果是简单的信号量的使用的话还是posix的信号量用起来简单一些，和mutex有点象吧。

最 后：其他没什么问题。一些说明就是虽然这里说的ipc的问题，但是到底是将多个工作流程实现为多进程，还是将多个工作流程实现为多线程。还是具体问题具体 分析吧，比如考虑到实时性，考虑的进程轮换的开销等等，不过大致的想来似乎是一样，按照“内核线程”的模型，多线程似乎还节省了进程切换的开销呢。呵呵。 先这么臆断吧，也不知道是不是正确的，有机会测试一下。
而这里图个方便，就全部都是采用开线程测试的。也是做个备忘的意思，几个程序的清单如下：
sysvqueue.c
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define MSGQUEUE_NAME "/tmp/tllmsgqueue"
#define MSGQUEUE_ID 0
#define MAXMSGNAMELENGTH 32
#define MSGQUEUE_LENGTH 128
#define MSG_LENGTH 64


struct parameters
{
    key_t mqid;
    struct msqid_ds qds;
    int oflag;
};


void msgSendThread(void  * data)
{
    //pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    struct parameters * para=(struct parameters *)data;
    int mqid;
    char  buffer[MSG_LENGTH]={0};
    unsigned int counter=0;
    mqid=msgget(para->mqid,para->oflag);
    if(mqid == -1)
    {
        return;
    }

    for(;counter<10;counter++)
    {
        sprintf(buffer,"this is the #%d message",counter);
        msgsnd(mqid,buffer,MSG_LENGTH,0);
        sleep(1);
    }
   
    memset(buffer,0,MSG_LENGTH);
    sprintf(buffer,"quit");
    msgsnd(mqid,buffer,MSG_LENGTH,0);

    //msgctl(mqid,IPC_RMID,NULL);
    printf("send thread quit now./n");
    return;
}


void msgReceiveThread(void  * data)
{
    //pthread_detach(pthread_self());
    struct parameters * para=(struct parameters *)data;
    int mqid;
    char  buffer[MSG_LENGTH]={0};
    mqid=msgget(para->mqid,para->oflag);
    if(mqid == -1)
    {
        return;
    }

    unsigned int nreads=0;
    for(;;)
    {
        msgctl(mqid,IPC_STAT,&(para->qds));

        while(para->qds.msg_qnum>0)
        {
doread:
            nreads=msgrcv(mqid,buffer,MSG_LENGTH,0,0);
            if(errno == EIDRM)
            {
                goto abquit;
            }
            if(strncmp(buffer,"quit",4)==0)
            {
                goto endreceive;
            }
            printf("read %hd bytes,message is:%s./n",nreads,buffer);
            msgctl(mqid,IPC_STAT,&(para->qds));
        }
        goto doread;
    }

endreceive:
    msgctl(mqid,IPC_RMID,NULL);
abquit:
    printf("receive thread quit now ./n");
    return;
}


int main(void)
{
    struct parameters myPara;
    memset((void *)&myPara,0,sizeof(struct parameters));

#ifdef PRIVATEIPC
    myPara.mqid=IPC_PRIVATE;
#else
    myPara.mqid=ftok(MSGQUEUE_NAME,MSGQUEUE_ID);
#endif
    myPara.oflag=IPC_CREAT;

   
    pthread_t pids;
    pthread_t pidr;
    pthread_create(&pids,NULL,(void *)msgSendThread,&myPara);
    pthread_create(&pidr,NULL,(void *)msgReceiveThread,&myPara);


    pthread_join(pidr,NULL);
    //printf("/tnow is here!/n");
    pthread_join(pids,NULL);
    printf("main thread quit now./n");
    return 0;
}


sysvsem.c
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define SEM_NAME "/tmp/testllsem"
#define SEM_ID 0
#define BUFFERSIZE 64

#if defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && !defined(_SEM_SEMUN_UNDEFINED)
/* union semun is defined by including <sys/sem.h> */
#else
/* according to X/OPEN we have to define it ourselves */
union semun {
     int val;                  /* value for SETVAL */
     struct semid_ds *buf;     /* buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
     unsigned short *array;    /* array for GETALL, SETALL */
                   /* Linux specific part: */
     struct seminfo *__buf;    /* buffer for IPC_INFO */
};
#endif

struct ThreadPara
{
    key_t kid;
    int semid;
    unsigned int readerIndex;
    unsigned int writerIndex;
    char buffer[BUFFERSIZE];
};

void writerThread(void  * data)
{
    unsigned int counter=0;
    struct ThreadPara * myPa=(struct ThreadPara *)data;

    struct sembuf semops;
    semops.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;
    for(;counter<10;counter++)
    {
        semops.sem_num=myPa->writerIndex;
        semops.sem_op=-1;
        //semops.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;

        semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);
        sprintf(myPa->buffer,"this is the #%d message",counter);

        semops.sem_num=myPa->readerIndex;
        semops.sem_op=1;
        //semops.sem_flg=0;

        semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);
        //sleep(1);
    }
   
    semops.sem_num=myPa->writerIndex;
    semops.sem_op=-1;
    //semops.sem_flg=0;

    semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);

    memset(myPa->buffer,0,BUFFERSIZE);
    sprintf(myPa->buffer,"quitnow");

    semops.sem_num=myPa->readerIndex;
    semops.sem_op=1;
    //semops.sem_flg=0;

    semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);

    printf("now send thread quit./n");
    return;
}


void readerThread(void  * data)
{
    struct ThreadPara * myPa=(struct ThreadPara *)data;

    struct sembuf semops;
    semops.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;

    for(;;)
    {
        semops.sem_num=myPa->readerIndex;
        semops.sem_op=-1;
        //semops.sem_flg=0;
        semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);
        if(strncmp(myPa->buffer,"quitnow",7) == 0)
        {
            break;
        }

        printf("/tYes,i got buffer:%s./n",myPa->buffer);

        semops.sem_num=myPa->writerIndex;
        semops.sem_op=1;
        //semops.sem_flg=0;
        semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);
    }

    printf("now receive thread quit./n");
    return;
}


int main(void)
{
    struct ThreadPara myPara;

    int oFlag;
    //mode_t oMode;
    union semun arg;
    memset(&myPara,0,sizeof(struct ThreadPara));
   
    oFlag=IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL;
    //oMode=S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH;

#ifdef PRIVATEIPC
    myPara.kid=IPC_PRIVATE;
#else
    myPara.kid=ftok(SEM_NAME,SEM_ID);
#endif

    myPara.semid=semget(myPara.kid,2,oFlag);

    myPara.readerIndex=0;
    myPara.writerIndex=1;
    arg.val=0;
    semctl(myPara.semid,myPara.readerIndex,SETVAL,arg);

    arg.val=1;
    semctl(myPara.semid,myPara.writerIndex,SETVAL,arg);

    if(myPara.semid < 0)
    {
        if(errno == EEXIST)
        {
            printf("get sem err!/n");
        }
    }

    pthread_t pidr;
    pthread_t pidw;
    pthread_create(&pidr,NULL,(void *)readerThread,&myPara);
    pthread_create(&pidw,NULL,(void *)writerThread,&myPara);

    pthread_join(pidr,NULL);

    pthread_join(pidw,NULL);

    semctl(myPara.semid,0,IPC_RMID);
    printf("now main thread quit./n");
    return 0;
}


sysvshm.c
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define SEM_NAME "/tmp/testllsem"
#define SEM_ID 0
#define SHM_NAME "/tmp/testllshm"
#define SHM_ID 0
#define SHMSIZE 64

#if defined(__GNU_LIBRARY__) && !defined(_SEM_SEMUN_UNDEFINED)
/* union semun is defined by including <sys/sem.h> */
#else
/* according to X/OPEN we have to define it ourselves */
union semun {
     int val;                  /* value for SETVAL */
     struct semid_ds *buf;     /* buffer for IPC_STAT, IPC_SET */
     unsigned short *array;    /* array for GETALL, SETALL */
                   /* Linux specific part: */
     struct seminfo *__buf;    /* buffer for IPC_INFO */
};
#endif

struct ThreadPara
{
    key_t ksemid;
    key_t kshmid;
    int semid;
    int shmid;
    unsigned int readerIndex;
    unsigned int writerIndex;
    int shmsize;
};

void writerThread(void  * data)
{
    unsigned int counter=0;
    struct ThreadPara * myPa=(struct ThreadPara *)data;

    void * buffer;
    struct sembuf semops;
    semops.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;
    buffer=shmat(myPa->shmid,NULL,0);
    for(;counter<10;counter++)
    {
        semops.sem_num=myPa->writerIndex;
        semops.sem_op=-1;
        //semops.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;

        semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);
        sprintf(buffer,"this is the #%d message",counter);

        semops.sem_num=myPa->readerIndex;
        semops.sem_op=1;
        //semops.sem_flg=0;

        semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);
        //sleep(1);
    }
   
    semops.sem_num=myPa->writerIndex;
    semops.sem_op=-1;
    //semops.sem_flg=0;

    semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);

    memset(buffer,0,myPa->shmsize);
    sprintf(buffer,"quitnow");

    semops.sem_num=myPa->readerIndex;
    semops.sem_op=1;
    //semops.sem_flg=0;

    semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);
    shmdt(buffer);

    printf("now send thread quit./n");
    return;
}


void readerThread(void  * data)
{
    struct ThreadPara * myPa=(struct ThreadPara *)data;
    void * buffer;
    struct sembuf semops;
    semops.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;
    buffer=shmat(myPa->shmid,NULL,SHM_RDONLY);
    for(;;)
    {
        semops.sem_num=myPa->readerIndex;
        semops.sem_op=-1;
        //semops.sem_flg=0;
        semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);
        if(strncmp(buffer,"quitnow",7) == 0)
        {
            break;
        }

        printf("/tYes,i got buffer:%s./tthis is shm realization./n",(char *)buffer);

        semops.sem_num=myPa->writerIndex;
        semops.sem_op=1;
        //semops.sem_flg=0;
        semop(myPa->semid,&semops,1);
    }

    shmdt(buffer);
    printf("now receive thread quit./n");
    return;
}


int main(void)
{
    struct ThreadPara myPara;

    int oFlag;
    //mode_t oMode;
    union semun arg;
    memset(&myPara,0,sizeof(struct ThreadPara));
   
    oFlag=IPC_CREAT|IPC_EXCL;
    //oMode=S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH;

#ifdef PRIVATEIPC
    myPara.ksemid=IPC_PRIVATE;
    myPara.kshmid=IPC_PRIVATE;
#else
    myPara.ksemid=ftok(SEM_NAME,SEM_ID);
    myPara.kshmid=ftok(SHM_NAME,SHM_ID);
#endif
    myPara.shmsize=SHMSIZE;

    myPara.semid=semget(myPara.ksemid,2,oFlag);
    if(myPara.semid < 0)
    {
        if(errno == EEXIST)
        {
            printf("get sem err!/n");
        }
    }

    myPara.shmid=shmget(myPara.kshmid,myPara.shmsize,oFlag);
    if(myPara.shmid < 0)
    {
        if(errno == EEXIST)
        {
            printf("get shm err!/n");
        }
    }

    myPara.readerIndex=0;
    myPara.writerIndex=1;

    arg.val=0;
    semctl(myPara.semid,myPara.readerIndex,SETVAL,arg);

    arg.val=1;
    semctl(myPara.semid,myPara.writerIndex,SETVAL,arg);


    pthread_t pidr;
    pthread_t pidw;
    pthread_create(&pidr,NULL,(void *)readerThread,&myPara);
    pthread_create(&pidw,NULL,(void *)writerThread,&myPara);

    pthread_join(pidr,NULL);
    pthread_join(pidw,NULL);

    semctl(myPara.semid,0,IPC_RMID);
    shmctl(myPara.shmid,IPC_RMID,NULL);
    printf("main thread quit now./n");
    return 0;
}


posixsem.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define SEM_WRITER "/testllposixsemw"
#define SEM_READER "/testllposixsemr"
#define BUFFERSIZE 64

struct ThreadPara
{
    sem_t * reader;
    sem_t * writer;
    char buffer[BUFFERSIZE];
};

void writerThread(void  * data)
{
    unsigned int counter=0;
    struct ThreadPara * myPa=(struct ThreadPara *)data;

    for(;counter<10;counter++)
    {
        sem_wait(myPa->writer);
        sprintf(myPa->buffer,"writer:this is the POSIX_SEM #%d message",counter);
        sem_post(myPa->reader);
        //sleep(1);
    }
   
    sem_wait(myPa->writer);
    memset(myPa->buffer,0,BUFFERSIZE);
    sprintf(myPa->buffer,"quitnow");
    sem_post(myPa->reader);
    printf("now send thread quit./n");
    return;
}


void readerThread(void  * data)
{
    struct ThreadPara * myPa=(struct ThreadPara *)data;

    for(;;)
    {
        sem_wait(myPa->reader);
        if(strncmp(myPa->buffer,"quitnow",7) == 0)
        {
            break;
        }
        printf("/treader:Yes,i got buffer:%s./n",myPa->buffer);
        sem_post(myPa->writer);
        //sleep(3);
    }

    printf("now receive thread quit./n");
    return;
}


int main(void)
{
    struct ThreadPara myPara;

    int oFlag;
    mode_t oMode;
    memset(&myPara,0,sizeof(struct ThreadPara));
   
    //oFlag=O_CREAT|O_EXCL;
    oFlag=O_CREAT;
    oMode=S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH;

    myPara.reader=sem_open(SEM_READER,oFlag,oMode,0);
    if(myPara.reader <= 0)
    {
        printf("failed to open sem reader/n");
        switch(errno)
        {
            case EACCES:
                printf("EACCES------------/n");
                break;
            case EEXIST:
                printf("EEXIST------------/n");
                break;
            case EINTR:
                printf("EINTR------------/n");
                break;
            case EINVAL:
                printf("EINVAL------------/n");
                break;
            case ENAMETOOLONG:
                printf("ENAMETOOLONG------------/n");
            case ENOENT:
                printf("ENOENT------------/n");
                break;
            case ENOMEM:
                printf("ENOMEM------------/n");
                break;
            case ENOSPC:
                printf("ENOSPC------------/n");
                break;
            case EFAULT:
                printf("EFAULT------------/n");
                break;
            case EMFILE:
                printf("EMFILE------------/n");
                break;
            case ENFILE:
                printf("ENFILE------------/n");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return -1;
    }
    myPara.writer=sem_open(SEM_WRITER,oFlag,oMode,1);
    if(myPara.writer <= 0)
    {
        switch(errno)
        {
            case EACCES:
                printf("EACCES------------/n");
                break;
            case EEXIST:
                printf("EEXIST------------/n");
                break;
            case EINTR:
                printf("EINTR------------/n");
                break;
            case EINVAL:
                printf("EINVAL------------/n");
                break;
            case ENAMETOOLONG:
                printf("ENAMETOOLONG------------/n");
            case ENOENT:
                printf("ENOENT------------/n");
                break;
            case ENOMEM:
                printf("ENOMEM------------/n");
                break;
            case ENOSPC:
                printf("ENOSPC------------/n");
                break;
            case EFAULT:
                printf("EFAULT------------/n");
                break;
            case EMFILE:
                printf("EMFILE------------/n");
                break;
            case ENFILE:
                printf("ENFILE------------/n");
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        printf("failed to open sem writer/n");
    }

    pthread_t pidr;
    pthread_t pidw;
    pthread_create(&pidr,NULL,(void *)readerThread,&myPara);
    pthread_create(&pidw,NULL,(void *)writerThread,&myPara);

    pthread_join(pidr,NULL);

    pthread_join(pidw,NULL);

    sem_close(myPara.reader);
    sem_close(myPara.writer);

    sem_unlink(SEM_READER);
    sem_unlink(SEM_WRITER);
    printf("now main thread quit./n");
    return 0;
}



外加一个简陋的Makefile。
CFLAGS=-O9 -Wall -g -D__POSIX_SOURCE
CINCLUDES=
CLIBS=-lpthread -lrt

POSIXQUEUELIB=-lmqueue

CC=gcc
all:tm one two tcrc pq vq psem vsem vshm pshm

pshm:posixshm.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CINCLUDES) $(CLIBS) -o pshm posixshm.c
   
vshm:sysvshm.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CINCLUDES) $(CLIBS) -o vshm sysvshm.c
   
psem:posixsem.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CINCLUDES) $(CLIBS) -o psem posixsem.c
   
vsem:sysvsem.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CINCLUDES) $(CLIBS) -o vsem sysvsem.c

vq:sysvqueue.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CINCLUDES) $(CLIBS) -o vq sysvqueue.c

pq:posixqueue.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CINCLUDES) $(CLIBS) $(POSIXQUEUELIB) -o pq posixqueue.c

tcrc:testcrc.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CINCLUDES) $(CLIBS) -o tcrc testcrc.c

tm:testmain.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CINCLUDES) $(CLIBS) -o tm testmain.c

one:one.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CINCLUDES) $(CLIBS) -o one one.c

two:two.c
    $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CINCLUDES) $(CLIBS) -o two two.c

clean:
    rm -f vshm
    rm -f pshm
    rm -f vsem
    rm -f psem
    rm -f pq
    rm -f vq
    rm -f tcrc
    rm -f one
    rm -f two
    rm -f tm
    rm -f a.out


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