qt下OpenCV编程例子笔记一
来源：互联网 发布：windows内核 编辑：程序博客网 时间：2024/05/22 11:53
以下所有例子来源于http://wiki.opencv.org.cn
一、读入图片显示
#include "cv.h"#include "cxcore.h"#include "highgui.h"#if 1using namespace cv;int main() { //声明IplImage指针 IplImage* pImg; //载入图片 pImg=cvLoadImage("../Lena.jpg",CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR); //C:\2.jpg 要使用'/' 而不是windows的 '\' if(NULL==pImg) { printf("image can't read!\n"); return -1; } // Mat image(pImg); //有这句话，为什么会出错 //创建窗口 //cvNamedWindow("Image",CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE); // 为什么注释掉这句话，程序尼玛也运行 //显示图像 cvShowImage("Image",pImg); //等待按键 cvWaitKey(0); //销毁窗口 cvDestroyWindow("Image"); //释放图像 cvReleaseImage(&pImg); // 为什么我把这条语句放在cvWaitKey前面时，窗口任然有图像显示，放在cvShowImage前面时才没有图片显示 return 0;}#else #if 0 using namespace cv; //下面函数要cv前缀 int main() { Mat image; image=imread("C:/2.jpg"); imshow("li",image); waitKey(); return 0; } #else using namespace cv;//下面的所有cv相关类型不用加上前缀了,这里的前缀为cv:: int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { Mat img = imread("Lena.jpg"); //声明Mat变量并调入lena的照片,图片放在工程目录中直接使用"Lena.jpg"不行,要把图片放在工程目录的上一层 //然后使用../Lena.jpg,对于使用vs的这使用..\\Lena.jpg,第一个\为转义字符 if(!img.data) //判断图片调入是否成功 return -1; //调入图片失败则退出 //创建窗口,并确定其为大小不可变类型窗口 namedWindow("loveLena", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE); //显示图片。如果你不介意窗口大小可变，可以直接注释掉上一句。因为imshow可以直接创建窗口 imshow("loveLena", img); waitKey(); //等待按键 return 0;} #endif#endif二、图像创建、保存和复制
最终在工程目录上一级目录中生成copy.jpg
#include "cv.h"#include "highgui.h"int main( int argc, char** argv ){ IplImage* pImg; //声明IplImage指针 //载入图像，强制转化为Gray pImg = cvLoadImage("../Lena.jpg", 0); if(pImg != NULL ) { IplImage* pImg2 = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(pImg), pImg->depth, pImg->nChannels); cvCopy(pImg, pImg2, NULL); cvSaveImage("../copy.jpg", pImg2);//把图像写入文件 cvNamedWindow( "Image", 1 );//创建窗口 cvShowImage( "Image", pImg );//显示图像 cvWaitKey(0); //等待按键 cvDestroyWindow( "Image" );//销毁窗口 cvReleaseImage( &pImg ); //释放图像 cvReleaseImage( &pImg2 ); //释放图像 return 0; } return -1;}三、canny边缘检测
重点函数：
cvCanny(pImg, pCannyImg, 50, 150, 3);
#include "cv.h"#include "cxcore.h"#include "highgui.h"int main( int argc, char** argv ){ //声明IplImage指针 IplImage* pImg = NULL; IplImage* pCannyImg = NULL; //载入图像，强制转化为Gray pImg = cvLoadImage("../Lena.jpg", 0); if(pImg != NULL ) { //为canny边缘图像申请空间 pCannyImg = cvCreateImage(cvGetSize(pImg), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1); //canny边缘检测 cvCanny(pImg, pCannyImg, 50, 150, 3); //创建窗口 cvNamedWindow("src", 1); cvNamedWindow("canny",1); //显示图像 cvShowImage( "src", pImg ); cvShowImage( "canny", pCannyImg ); cvWaitKey(0); //等待按键 //销毁窗口 cvDestroyWindow( "src" ); cvDestroyWindow( "canny" ); //释放图像 cvReleaseImage( &pImg ); cvReleaseImage( &pCannyImg ); return 0; } return -1;}四、轮廓(contour)检测
#ifdef _CH_#pragma package <opencv>#endif#ifndef _EiC#include "cv.h"#include "cxcore.h"#include "highgui.h"#include <math.h>#endif#define w 500int levels = 3;CvSeq* contours = 0;void on_trackbar(int pos){ IplImage* cnt_img = cvCreateImage( cvSize(w,w), 8, 3 ); CvSeq* _contours = contours; int _levels = levels - 3; if( _levels <= 0 ) // get to the nearest face to make it look more funny _contours = _contours->h_next->h_next->h_next; cvZero( cnt_img ); cvDrawContours( cnt_img, _contours, CV_RGB(255,0,0), CV_RGB(0,255,0), _levels, 3, CV_AA, cvPoint(0,0) ); cvShowImage( "contours", cnt_img ); cvReleaseImage( &cnt_img );}int main( int argc, char** argv ){ int i, j; CvMemStorage* storage = cvCreateMemStorage(0); IplImage* img = cvCreateImage( cvSize(w,w), 8, 1 ); cvZero( img ); for( i=0; i < 6; i++ ) { int dx = (i%2)*250 - 30; int dy = (i/2)*150; CvScalar white = cvRealScalar(255); CvScalar black = cvRealScalar(0); if( i == 0 ) { for( j = 0; j <= 10; j++ ) { double angle = (j+5)*CV_PI/21; cvLine(img, cvPoint(cvRound(dx+100+j*10-80*cos(angle)), cvRound(dy+100-90*sin(angle))), cvPoint(cvRound(dx+100+j*10-30*cos(angle)), cvRound(dy+100-30*sin(angle))), white, 1, 8, 0); } } cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+150, dy+100), cvSize(100,70), 0, 0, 360, white, -1, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+115, dy+70), cvSize(30,20), 0, 0, 360, black, -1, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+185, dy+70), cvSize(30,20), 0, 0, 360, black, -1, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+115, dy+70), cvSize(15,15), 0, 0, 360, white, -1, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+185, dy+70), cvSize(15,15), 0, 0, 360, white, -1, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+115, dy+70), cvSize(5,5), 0, 0, 360, black, -1, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+185, dy+70), cvSize(5,5), 0, 0, 360, black, -1, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+150, dy+100), cvSize(10,5), 0, 0, 360, black, -1, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+150, dy+150), cvSize(40,10), 0, 0, 360, black, -1, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+27, dy+100), cvSize(20,35), 0, 0, 360, white, -1, 8, 0 ); cvEllipse( img, cvPoint(dx+273, dy+100), cvSize(20,35), 0, 0, 360, white, -1, 8, 0 ); } cvNamedWindow( "image", 1 ); cvShowImage( "image", img ); cvFindContours( img, storage, &contours, sizeof(CvContour), CV_RETR_TREE, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE, cvPoint(0,0) ); // comment this out if you do not want approximation contours = cvApproxPoly( contours, sizeof(CvContour), storage, CV_POLY_APPROX_DP, 3, 1 ); cvNamedWindow( "contours", 1 ); cvCreateTrackbar( "levels+3", "contours", &levels, 7, on_trackbar ); on_trackbar(0); cvWaitKey(0); cvReleaseMemStorage( &storage ); cvReleaseImage( &img ); return 0;}#ifdef _EiCmain(1,"");#endif五、图像旋转与缩放
//按Esc键退出#include "cv.h"#include "highgui.h"#include "math.h"int main (int argc, char **argv){ IplImage *src = 0; IplImage *dst = 0; /* the first command line parameter must be image file name */ src = cvLoadImage("../Lena.jpg", -1); if (src != 0) { int delta = 1; int angle = 0; int opt = 0;// 1： 旋转加缩放 // 0: 仅仅旋转 double factor; dst = cvCloneImage (src); cvNamedWindow ("src", 1); cvShowImage ("src", src); for (;;) { float m[6]; // Matrix m looks like: // // [ m0 m1 m2 ] ===> [ A11 A12 b1 ] // [ m3 m4 m5 ] [ A21 A22 b2 ] // CvMat M = cvMat (2, 3, CV_32F, m); int w = src->width; int h = src->height; if (opt)// 旋转加缩放 factor = (cos (angle * CV_PI / 180.) + 1.0) * 2; else// 仅仅旋转 factor = 1; m[0] = (float) (factor * cos (-angle * 2 * CV_PI / 180.)); m[1] = (float) (factor * sin (-angle * 2 * CV_PI / 180.)); m[3] = -m[1]; m[4] = m[0]; // 将旋转中心移至图像中间 m[2] = w * 0.5f; m[5] = h * 0.5f; // dst(x,y) = A * src(x,y) + b cvZero (dst); cvGetQuadrangleSubPix (src, dst, &M); cvNamedWindow ("dst", 1); cvShowImage ("dst", dst); if (cvWaitKey (1) == 27)//ESC break; angle = (int) (angle + delta) % 360; }// for-loop } return 0;}六、读入视频文件及运动物体检测
#include <stdio.h>#include <cv.h>#include <cxcore.h>#include <highgui.h>int main( int argc, char** argv ){ //声明IplImage指针 IplImage* pFrame = NULL; IplImage* pFrImg = NULL; IplImage* pBkImg = NULL; CvMat* pFrameMat = NULL; CvMat* pFrMat = NULL; CvMat* pBkMat = NULL; CvCapture* pCapture = NULL; int nFrmNum = 0; //创建窗口 cvNamedWindow("video", 1); cvNamedWindow("background",1); cvNamedWindow("foreground",1); //使窗口有序排列 cvMoveWindow("video", 30, 0); cvMoveWindow("background", 360, 0); cvMoveWindow("foreground", 690, 0); /* if( argc > 2 ) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: bkgrd [video_file_name]\n"); return -1; } */ //打开摄像头 // if (argc ==1) if( !(pCapture = cvCaptureFromCAM(-1))) { fprintf(stderr, "Can not open camera.\n"); return -2; } //打开视频文件 /* if(argc == 2) if( !(pCapture = cvCaptureFromFile(argv[1]))) { fprintf(stderr, "Can not open video file %s\n", argv[1]); return -2; } */ //逐帧读取视频 while(pFrame = cvQueryFrame( pCapture )) { nFrmNum++; //如果是第一帧，需要申请内存，并初始化 if(nFrmNum == 1) { pBkImg = cvCreateImage(cvSize(pFrame->width, pFrame->height), IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); pFrImg = cvCreateImage(cvSize(pFrame->width, pFrame->height), IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); pBkMat = cvCreateMat(pFrame->height, pFrame->width, CV_32FC1); pFrMat = cvCreateMat(pFrame->height, pFrame->width, CV_32FC1); pFrameMat = cvCreateMat(pFrame->height, pFrame->width, CV_32FC1); //转化成单通道图像再处理 cvCvtColor(pFrame, pBkImg, CV_BGR2GRAY); cvCvtColor(pFrame, pFrImg, CV_BGR2GRAY); cvConvert(pFrImg, pFrameMat); cvConvert(pFrImg, pFrMat); cvConvert(pFrImg, pBkMat); } else { cvCvtColor(pFrame, pFrImg, CV_BGR2GRAY); cvConvert(pFrImg, pFrameMat); //高斯滤波先，以平滑图像 //cvSmooth(pFrameMat, pFrameMat, CV_GAUSSIAN, 3, 0, 0); //当前帧跟背景图相减 cvAbsDiff(pFrameMat, pBkMat, pFrMat); //二值化前景图 cvThreshold(pFrMat, pFrImg, 60, 255.0, CV_THRESH_BINARY); //进行形态学滤波，去掉噪音 //cvErode(pFrImg, pFrImg, 0, 1); //cvDilate(pFrImg, pFrImg, 0, 1); //更新背景 cvRunningAvg(pFrameMat, pBkMat, 0.003, 0); //将背景转化为图像格式，用以显示 cvConvert(pBkMat, pBkImg); //显示图像 cvShowImage("video", pFrame); cvShowImage("background", pBkImg); cvShowImage("foreground", pFrImg); //如果有按键事件，则跳出循环 //此等待也为cvShowImage函数提供时间完成显示 //等待时间可以根据CPU速度调整 if( cvWaitKey(2) >= 0 ) break; } } //销毁窗口 cvDestroyWindow("video"); cvDestroyWindow("background"); cvDestroyWindow("foreground"); //释放图像和矩阵 cvReleaseImage(&pFrImg); cvReleaseImage(&pBkImg); cvReleaseMat(&pFrameMat); cvReleaseMat(&pFrMat); cvReleaseMat(&pBkMat); cvReleaseCapture(&pCapture); return 0;}七、Hougn线段检测
/* This is a standalone program. Pass an image name as a first parameter of the program. Switch between standard and probabilistic Hough transform by changing "#if 1" to "#if 0" and back */#include <cv.h>#include <highgui.h>#include <math.h>int main(int argc, char** argv){ const char* filename = "../hough.png"; IplImage* src = cvLoadImage( filename, 0 ); IplImage* dst; IplImage* color_dst; CvMemStorage* storage = cvCreateMemStorage(0); CvSeq* lines = 0; int i; if( !src ) return -1; dst = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(src), 8, 1 ); color_dst = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(src), 8, 3 ); cvCanny( src, dst, 50, 200, 3 ); cvCvtColor( dst, color_dst, CV_GRAY2BGR );#if 0 lines = cvHoughLines2( dst, storage, CV_HOUGH_STANDARD, 1, CV_PI/180, 100, 0, 0 ); // 标准型 for( i = 0; i < MIN(lines->total,100); i++ ) { float* line = (float*)cvGetSeqElem(lines,i); float rho = line[0]; float theta = line[1]; CvPoint pt1, pt2; double a = cos(theta), b = sin(theta); double x0 = a*rho, y0 = b*rho; pt1.x = cvRound(x0 + 1000*(-b)); pt1.y = cvRound(y0 + 1000*(a)); pt2.x = cvRound(x0 - 1000*(-b)); pt2.y = cvRound(y0 - 1000*(a)); cvLine( color_dst, pt1, pt2, CV_RGB(255,0,0), 3, CV_AA, 0 ); }#else lines = cvHoughLines2( dst, storage, CV_HOUGH_PROBABILISTIC, 1, CV_PI/180, 50, 50, 10 ); //概率性 for( i = 0; i < lines->total; i++ ) { CvPoint* line = (CvPoint*)cvGetSeqElem(lines,i); cvLine( color_dst, line[0], line[1], CV_RGB(255,0,0), 3, CV_AA, 0 ); }#endif cvNamedWindow( "Source", 1 ); cvShowImage( "Source", src ); cvNamedWindow( "Hough", 1 ); cvShowImage( "Hough", color_dst ); cvWaitKey(0); return 0;}八、鼠标绘图
#ifdef _CH_#pragma package <opencv>#endif#include "cv.h"#include "highgui.h"#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>IplImage* inpaint_mask = 0;IplImage* img0 = 0, *img = 0, *inpainted = 0;CvPoint prev_pt = {-1,-1};void on_mouse( int event, int x, int y, int flags, void* zhang){ if( !img ) return; if( event == CV_EVENT_LBUTTONUP || !(flags & CV_EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON) ) prev_pt = cvPoint(-1,-1); else if( event == CV_EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN ) prev_pt = cvPoint(x,y); else if( event == CV_EVENT_MOUSEMOVE && (flags & CV_EVENT_FLAG_LBUTTON) ) { CvPoint pt = cvPoint(x,y); if( prev_pt.x < 0 ) prev_pt = pt; cvLine( inpaint_mask, prev_pt, pt, cvScalarAll(255), 5, 8, 0 ); cvLine( img, prev_pt, pt, cvScalarAll(255), 5, 8, 0 ); prev_pt = pt; cvShowImage( "image", img ); }}int main( int argc, char** argv ){ char* filename = argc >= 2 ? argv[1] : (char*)"../Fruits.jpg"; if( (img0 = cvLoadImage(filename,-1)) == 0 ) return 0; printf( "Hot keys: \n" "\tESC - quit the program\n" "\tr - restore the original image\n" "\ti or ENTER - run inpainting algorithm\n" "\t\t(before running it, paint something on the image)\n" ); cvNamedWindow( "image", 1 ); img = cvCloneImage( img0 ); inpainted = cvCloneImage( img0 ); inpaint_mask = cvCreateImage( cvGetSize(img), 8, 1 ); cvZero( inpaint_mask ); cvZero( inpainted ); cvShowImage( "image", img ); cvShowImage( "watershed transform", inpainted ); cvSetMouseCallback( "image", on_mouse, 0 ); for(;;) { int c = cvWaitKey(0); if( (char)c == 27 ) break; if( (char)c == 'r' ) { cvZero( inpaint_mask ); cvCopy( img0, img,0 ); cvShowImage( "image", img ); } if( (char)c == 'i' || (char)c == '\n' ) { cvNamedWindow( "inpainted image", 1 ); cvInpaint( img, inpaint_mask, inpainted, 3, CV_INPAINT_TELEA ); cvShowImage( "inpainted image", inpainted ); } } return 1;}九、Yml文件读取与写入
/*********************************************************************** * OpenCV 2.1 example ***********************************************************************/#include "cv.h"#include "highgui.h"#include <iostream>using namespace cv; //下面的所有cv相关类型不用加上前缀了using namespace std;int main(int argc, char* argv[]){ FileStorage fs("../test.yml", FileStorage::WRITE); //写的形式打开yml。当然也可以打开xml，主要看后缀 fs << "i" << 5 << "r" << 3.1 << "str" << "ABCDEFGH"; //存入整型、浮点型、字符串 Mat writeInImg = imread( "../lena.jpg" ); //载入Lena妞的图片载入 imshow( "Lena_from_jpg", writeInImg ); //看一看Lena妞是否健在 fs << "lena" << writeInImg; //将Lena妞的图片矩阵插入test.yml fs.release(); FileStorage readfs("test.yml", FileStorage::READ); //读的形式打开yml。当然也可以打开xml，主要看后缀 if(readfs.isOpened() ) { int i1 = (int)readfs["i"]; double r1 = (double)readfs["r"]; string str1 = (string)readfs["str"]; Mat readOutImg; readfs["lena"] >> readOutImg; //把Lena从yml中取出 imshow( "Lena_from_yml", readOutImg ); //看看是不是跟之前放进去的是同一个人 std::cout<<"read out i:"<<i1<<std::endl<<"read out r:"<<r1<<std::endl<<"read out str:"<<str1<<std::endl; } readfs.release(); waitKey(); return 0;} 0 0
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