RSpec::Mocks

Test Doubles, Method Stubs, Message Expectations

123

thingamajig_double = double('thing-a-ma-jig')stub_thingamajig = stub('thing-a-ma-jig')mock_thingamajig = mock('thing-a-ma-jig')

double(),stub(),mock()都会返回一个RSpec::Mocks::Mock的实例
可以在这个实例上生成method stubs和message expectations

12345678910111213

describe Statement do  it "logs a message on generate()" do    customer = stub('customer')    customer.stub(:name).and_return('Aslak')    logger = mock('logger')    statement = Statement.new(customer, logger)    logger.should_receive(:log).with(/Statement generated for Aslak/)    statement.generate  endend

这段代码中, stub('customer')和mmock('logger')分别生成了2个test double

customer.stub(:name)为customer double添加了一个method stub(打桩方法), :name为方法名 and_return('Aslak')表示:name的返回值为Aslak

logger.should_receive(:log)为logger double设置了一个对于message name() 的expectation
后面的generate()方法里, 如果logger对log()的调用失败, 则整个example会fail
否则会判断logger.should_receive(:log)后面的条件是否满足(此处为with(xxx),即log()调用是否带参数xxx)

partial stubbing, partial mocking

12345678910111213141516171819202122232425

describe WidgetsController do  describe "PUT update with valid attributes"    it "finds the widget"      widget = Widget.new()      widget.stub(:update_attributes).and_return(true)      Widget.should_receive(:find).with("37").and_return(widget)      put :update, :id => 37    end    it "updates the widget's attributes" do      widget = Widget.new()      Widget.stub(:find).and_return(widget)      widget.should_receive(:update_attributes).and_return(true)      put :update, :id => 37    end    it "redirects to the list of widgets"      widget = Widget.new()      Widget.stub(:find).and_return(widget)      widget.stub(:update_attributes).and_return(true)      put :update, :id => 37      response.should redirect_to(widgets_path)    end  endend

更多关于Method Stubs

One-Line Shortcut

double(),stub(),mock()第一个参数非必填但是强烈建议有, 因为其会作为失败时的消息
此外还可以接受一个hash作为第二参数

1

customer = double('customer', :name => 'Bryan')

等效于

12

customer = double('customer')customer.stub(:name).and_return('Bryan')

Implementation Injection

如果一个stub method需要使用多次而且根据条件不同会有不同返回值, 可以用如下方法
多用于before()里

12345678

ages = double('ages')ages.stub(:age_for) do |what|  if what == 'drinking'    21  elsif what == 'voting'    18  endend

方法链

12

article = double()Article.stub_chain(:recent, :published, :authored_by).and_return(article)

更多关于Message Expectations

执行次数

should_receive(:xxx)要求xxx()被调用且只调用一次, 如果希望调用若干次, 可采用下列方式

12345

mock_account.should_receive(:withdraw).exactly(5).timesnetwork_double.should_receive(:open_connection).at_most(5).timesnetwork_double.should_receive(:open_connection).at_least(2).timesaccount_double.should_receive(:withdraw).onceaccount_double.should_receive(:deposit).twice

如果期待方法不被调用,要使用should_not_receive

123

network_double.should_not_receive(:open_connection)network_double.should_receive(:open_connection).never              #不推荐network_double.should_receive(:open_connection).exactly(0).times   #不推荐

指定期待的参数, with()

1234567891011121314151617

### 指定一个参数, 且值为50account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).with(50)### 可以指定任意个参数checking_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(50, savings_account)### 第一个参数为给定值, 第二个参数为Fixnum型任意值source_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(target_account, instance_of(Fixnum))### 第一个参数可以为任意类型任意值source_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(anything(), 50)### 任意类型任意数量参数source_account.should_receive(:transfer).with(any_args())### 不传参数collaborator.should_receive(:message).with(no_args())### 参数为包含/不包含给定key/value的Hashwith(hash_including('Electric' => '123', 'Gas' => '234'))with(hash_not_including('Electric' => '123', 'Gas' => '234'))### 正则表达式mock_atm.should_receive(:login).with(/.* User/)

自定义的Argument Matchers

自定义一个类, 然后重写==(actual)方法即可
也可以添加一个description()方法以提供失败时输出的信息

1234567891011121314151617181920

class GreaterThanMatcher  def initialize(expected)    @expected = expected  end  def description    "a number greater than #{@expected}"  end  def ==(actual)    actual > @expected  endenddef greater_than(floor)  GreaterThanMatcher.new(floor)endcalculator.should_receive(:add).with(greater_than(37))

Throwing or Raising

and_raise()可以不传参/一个参数(异常类或异常类实例)
and_throw()传symbol

1234567

account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_raiseaccount_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_raise(InsufficientFunds)the_exception = InsufficientFunds.new(:reason => :on_hold)account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_raise(the_exception)account_double.should_receive(:withdraw).and_throw(:insufficient_funds)

按序执行

12

database.should_receive(:count).with('Roster', :course_id => 37).ordereddatabase.should_receive(:add).with(student).ordered

只要count()在add()之前执行就会pass