Android中的SystemClock类

注：以下内容摘自api文档。。。

android.os
类 SystemClock

java.lang.Object  android.os.SystemClock

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public final class SystemClock
extends Object

Core timekeeping facilities.

Three different clocks are available, and they should not be confused:

• System.currentTimeMillis() is the standard "wall" clock (time and date) expressing milliseconds since the epoch. The wall clock can be set by the user or the phone network (see setCurrentTimeMillis(long)), so the time may jump backwards or forwards unpredictably. This clock should only be used when correspondence with real-world dates and times is important, such as in a calendar or alarm clock application. Interval or elapsed time measurements should use a different clock.

• uptimeMillis() is counted in milliseconds since the system was booted. This clock stops when the system enters deep sleep (CPU off, display dark, device waiting for external input), but is not affected by clock scaling, idle, or other power saving mechanisms. This is the basis for most interval timing such as Thread.sleep(millls), Object.wait(millis), and System.nanoTime(). This clock is guaranteed to be monotonic, and is the recommended basis for the general purpose interval timing of user interface events, performance measurements, and anything else that does not need to measure elapsed time during device sleep. Most methods that accept a timestamp value expect the uptimeMillis() clock.

• elapsedRealtime() is counted in milliseconds since the system was booted, including deep sleep. This clock should be used when measuring time intervals that may span periods of system sleep.

There are several mechanisms for controlling the timing of events:

• Standard functions like Thread.sleep(millis) and Object.wait(millis) are always available. These functions use the uptimeMillis() clock; if the device enters sleep, the remainder of the time will be postponed until the device wakes up. These synchronous functions may be interrupted with Thread.interrupt(), and you must handle InterruptedException.

• SystemClock.sleep(millis) is a utility function very similar to Thread.sleep(millis), but it ignores InterruptedException. Use this function for delays if you do not use Thread.interrupt(), as it will preserve the interrupted state of the thread.

• The Handler class can schedule asynchronous callbacks at an absolute or relative time. Handler objects also use the uptimeMillis() clock, and require an event loop (normally present in any GUI application).

• The AlarmManager can trigger one-time or recurring events which occur even when the device is in deep sleep or your application is not running. Events may be scheduled with your choice of System.currentTimeMillis() (RTC) or elapsedRealtime() (ELAPSED_REALTIME), and cause an Intent broadcast when they occur.

方法摘要static longcurrentThreadTimeMillis()
Returns milliseconds running in the current thread.static longelapsedRealtime()
Returns milliseconds since boot, including time spent in sleep.static booleansetCurrentTimeMillis(long millis)
Sets the current wall time, in milliseconds.static voidsleep(long ms)
Waits a given number of milliseconds (of uptimeMillis) before returning.static longuptimeMillis()
Returns milliseconds since boot, not counting time spent in deep sleep.

 

区别：

1。System.currentTimeMillis()是一个标准的“墙”时钟(时间和日期)，表示从纪元到现在的毫秒数。该墙时钟能够被用户或电话网络(见setCurrentTimeMillis(long))设置，所以该时间可能会向前或向后不可预知地跳越。该时钟应该仅仅被使用在当现实世界的对应的日期和时间是重要的情况，例如一个日历或闹钟应用程序。而间隔时间和经过时间应该使用不同的时钟。如果你使用System.currentTimeMillis()，可以考虑监听ACTION为ACTION_TIME_TICK、ACTION_TIME_CHANGED、ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED的广播去监听时间变化。

2、uptimeMillis()表示自系统启动时开始计数，以毫秒为单位。返回的是从系统启动到现在这个过程中的处于非休眠期的时间。当系统进入深度睡眠时(CPU关闭，设备变黑，等待外部输入装置)该时钟会停止。但是该时钟不会被时钟调整，闲置或其他节能机所影响。这是大多数间隔时间的基本点，例如Thread.sleep(millls)、Object.wait(millis)和System.nanoTime()。该时钟被保证是单调的，适用于检测不包含休眠的间隔时间的情况。大多数的方法接受一个时间戳的值除了uptimeMillis()时钟。

3、elapsedRealtime() andelapsedRealtimeNanos() 返回系统启动到现在的时间，包含设备深度休眠的时间。该时钟被保证是单调的，即使CPU在省电模式下，该时间也会继续计时。该时钟可以被使用在当测量时间间隔可能跨越系统睡眠的时间段。

 

解决方案：

有几种机制控制事件发生的时间：

1、标准的方法像Thread.sleep(millis) 和Object.wait(millis)总是可用的，这些方法使用的是uptimeMillis()时钟，如果设备进入深度休眠，剩余的时间将被推迟直到系统唤醒。这些同步方法可能被Thread.interrupt()中断，并且你必须处理InterruptedException异常。

2、SystemClock.sleep(millis)是一个类似于Thread.sleep(millis)的实用方法，但是它忽略InterruptedException异常。使用该函数产生的延迟如果你不使用Thread.interrupt()，因为它会保存线程的中断状态。

3、Handler可以在一个相对或者绝对的时间设置异步回调，Handler类对象也使用uptimeMillis()时钟，而且需要一个loop(经常出现在GUI程序中)。

4、AlarmManager可以触发一次或重复事件，即使设备深度休眠或者应用程序没有运行。事件可以选择用currentTimeMillis或者elapsedRealtime()(ELAPSED_REALTIME)来设置时间，当事件发生会触发一个广播。