[Android] 使用Include布局+Fragment滑动切换屏幕

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    前面的文章已经讲述了"随手拍"项目图像处理的技术部分,该篇文章主要是主界面的布局及屏幕滑动切换,并结合鸿洋大神的视频和郭神的第一行代码(强推两人Android博客),完成了下面的内容:
    (1).学习使用Include布局XML
    (2).通过添加适配器加载fragment
    (3).实现滑动触摸切换屏幕ViewPager
    (4).改变图标及背景,并响应fragment中控件及传递参数

参考资料:
    郭霖大神的《Android第一行代码》
    鸿洋大神的微信界面 
http://www.imooc.com/learn/198 

一. 运行效果

   如下图所示,滑动屏幕可以切换布局"空间"、"相册"、"关注".同时会有图标颜色变蓝,背景颜色加深的效果.
    
    同时添加了按钮事件,在fragment1中点击按钮显示内容,在fragment3中点击按钮获取第二个布局内容并显示.
    

二. 项目工程结构



三. Include布局XML文件

   首先添加头部布局top_layout.xml,采用相对布局,右边两图标:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="50dp"    android:paddingLeft="12dp"    android:paddingRight="12dp"    android:background="@drawable/image_toolbar_bg" >    <LinearLayout        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_centerVertical="true"        android:layout_gravity="center"        android:orientation="horizontal" >        <ImageView            android:layout_width="30dp"            android:layout_height="30dp"            android:src="@drawable/icon_suishoupai" />    <TextView        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_marginLeft="12dp"        android:text="随手拍"        android:textSize="15sp"        android:layout_gravity="center"        android:textColor="#ffffff" />    </LinearLayout>    <LinearLayout        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_centerVertical="true"        android:layout_gravity="center"        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"        android:orientation="horizontal" >        <ImageView            android:layout_width="30dp"            android:layout_height="30dp"            android:src="@drawable/image_top_watch" />        <ImageView            android:layout_width="30dp"            android:layout_height="30dp"            android:src="@drawable/image_top_add" />    </LinearLayout></RelativeLayout>
    然后添加底部布局bottom_layout.xml,由3个LinearLayout水平布局组成,其中每个LinearLayout有ImageView和TextView组成:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="40dp"    android:background="@drawable/image_toolbar_bg"    android:orientation="horizontal" ><LinearLayout      android:id="@+id/bottomLayout1"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"          android:layout_height="wrap_content"          android:layout_weight="1"        android:gravity="center"          android:background="@drawable/image_toolbar_bg_sel"android:orientation="vertical" >          <ImageView              android:id="@+id/image1"              android:layout_width="wrap_content"              android:layout_height="wrap_content"              android:padding="1dp"             android:src="@drawable/image_bottom_effect" />          <TextView              android:layout_width="wrap_content"              android:layout_height="15dp"               android:text="空间"              android:textColor="#ffffff"              android:textSize="10dp" />       </LinearLayout>     <LinearLayout          android:id="@+id/bottomLayout2"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"          android:layout_height="wrap_content"          android:layout_weight="1"        android:gravity="center"  android:orientation="vertical" >          <ImageView              android:id="@+id/image2"              android:layout_width="wrap_content"              android:layout_height="wrap_content"              android:padding="1dp"             android:src="@drawable/image_bottom_frame_no" />          <TextView              android:layout_width="wrap_content"              android:layout_height="15dp"               android:text="相册"              android:textColor="#ffffff"              android:textSize="10dp" />       </LinearLayout>      <LinearLayout          android:id="@+id/bottomLayout3"        android:layout_width="wrap_content"          android:layout_height="wrap_content"          android:layout_weight="1"        android:gravity="center"  android:orientation="vertical" >          <ImageView              android:id="@+id/image3"              android:layout_width="wrap_content"              android:layout_height="wrap_content"              android:padding="1dp"             android:src="@drawable/image_bottom_person_no" />          <TextView              android:layout_width="wrap_content"              android:layout_height="15dp"               android:text="关注"              android:textColor="#ffffff"              android:textSize="10dp" />       </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout>
    最后在activity_main.xml中调用Include布局,ViewPager用于加载不同的fragment,并实现触屏切换在该控件上:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"    android:id="@+id/container"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="vertical">    <include layout="@layout/top_layout"/>    <android.support.v4.view.ViewPager        android:id="@+id/viewpager1"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="0dp"        android:background="#ccffff"        android:layout_weight="1" />   <include layout="@layout/bottom_layout"/></LinearLayout>
   在MainActivity.java中onCreate函数设置无标题requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE),在xml文件中可设置Frame预览效果无标题,显示布局如下图所示


四. 实现触屏切换fragment

    首先设置Fragment的布局XML文件,fragment_layout1.xml如下,其他类似:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:orientation="vertical" >    <TextView        android:id="@+id/textView1"        android:layout_width="fill_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:textSize="25sp"        android:gravity="center"        android:text="The First Fragment" />    <Button        android:id="@+id/button1"        android:layout_width="fill_parent"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:text="Button1" /></LinearLayout>
   然后添加FragmentFirst.java、FragmentSecond.java和FragmentThird,其中FragmentSecond.java如下,其他类似:
package com.example.layouttest;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;import android.view.LayoutInflater;import android.view.View;import android.view.ViewGroup;public class FragmentSecond extends Fragment {@Override      public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {                return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_layout2, container, false);           }   }
   PS:由于刚学习Android一个月,所以文章很基础,在新建类中可以点击"浏览"自定义添加继承超类或点击"添加"增加接口,此处继承Fragment.注意"import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;"所有的需要一致.
   然后设置MainActivity.java,代码如下:
package com.example.layouttest;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;import android.os.Bundle;import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;import android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity;import android.support.v4.app.FragmentPagerAdapter;import android.support.v4.view.ViewPager;import android.view.Window;public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity {//注意:导入时均为support.v4.app/view 保持一致private ViewPager viewPager1;private FragmentPagerAdapter fpAdapter;private List<Fragment> listData;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        //注意:设置无标题需要在setContentView前调用 否则会崩溃        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        //初始化设置ViewPager        setViewPager();    }private void setViewPager() {//初始化数据viewPager1 = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.viewpager1);listData = new ArrayList<Fragment>();FragmentFirst fragmentFirst = new FragmentFirst();FragmentSecond fragmentSecond = new FragmentSecond();FragmentThird fragmentThird = new FragmentThird();//三个布局加入列表listData.add(fragmentFirst);listData.add(fragmentSecond);listData.add(fragmentThird);//ViewPager相当于一组件容器 实现页面切换fpAdapter =new FragmentPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager()){@Overridepublic int getCount(){return listData.size();}@Overridepublic Fragment getItem(int arg0){return listData.get(arg0);}};//设置适配器viewPager1.setAdapter(fpAdapter);}}
   此时即可实现触屏切换效果,但同时需要注意:
    (1).需要把MainActivity继承从Activity改为FragmentActivity.
    (2).可能会遇到错误"类型对于参数(FragmentFirst)不适用",你需要把导入修改"import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;"同时注意support.v4.app/view 保持一致.

五. 实现滑屏变换图标

   此时设置底部滑动切换的图标时需要添加自定义变量:
//底部图标private ImageView image1;private ImageView image2;private ImageView image3;private LinearLayout layout1;private LinearLayout layout2;private LinearLayout layout3;
   然后,在setViewPager()函数中"viewPager1.setAdapter(fpAdapter)"后添加如下代码即可实现,其中switch中0、1、2对应listData中装入的三个布局:
//初始化图标image1 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image1);image2 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image2);image3 = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image3);layout1 = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.bottomLayout1);layout2 = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.bottomLayout2);layout3 = (LinearLayout) findViewById(R.id.bottomLayout3);//滑屏变换图标viewPager1.setOnPageChangeListener(new OnPageChangeListener() {@Overridepublic void onPageSelected(int arg0){switch(arg0){case 0://图片切换image1.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_effect));image2.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_frame_no));image3.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_person_no));//背景加深layout1.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg_sel);  layout2.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);  layout3.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);  break;case 1://图片切换image1.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_effect_no));image2.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_frame));image3.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_person_no));//背景加深layout1.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);  layout2.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg_sel);  layout3.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);  break;case 2://图片切换image1.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_effect_no));image2.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_frame_no));image3.setImageDrawable(getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.image_bottom_person));//背景加深layout1.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);  layout2.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg);  layout3.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.image_toolbar_bg_sel);  break;}}@Overridepublic void onPageScrolled(int arg0, float arg1, int arg2){}@Overridepublic void onPageScrollStateChanged(int arg0){}});

六. 调用Fragment中按钮及传递参数

    设置FragmentFirst.java文件,通过onActivityCreated函数实现点击按钮事件:
public class FragmentFirst extends Fragment {@Override      public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {                return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_layout1, container, false);           }   @Overridepublic void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);//添加Fragment1的响应事件Button button1 = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.button1);button1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {              @Override              public void onClick(View v) {                  TextView textView1 = (TextView) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.textView1);                textView1.setText("在fragment1中点击按钮");            }          });  }}
   FragmentThird.java实现点击Fragment3中按钮获取Fragment2中数据:
public class FragmentThird extends Fragment {@Override      public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,Bundle savedInstanceState) {                return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_layout3, container, false);           }   @Overridepublic void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);//添加Fragment3的响应事件Button button3 = (Button) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.button3);button3.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {              @Override              public void onClick(View v) {                  TextView textView1 = (TextView) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.textView2);                TextView textView3 = (TextView) getActivity().findViewById(R.id.textView3);                textView3.setText("点击按钮获取fragment2信息:\n"+textView1.getText());            }          });  }}
    PS:是否Fragment的XML文件TextView需要设置不同的id,如果Fragment1与Fragment2设置相同的textView1程序没有响应.
    本文主要讲述使用Include布局、Fragment切屏和ViewPager滑动效果.最后希望文章对大家有所帮助,尤其是对Android初学者,文章中有错误或不足之处,请包涵.
    下载地址:http://download.csdn.net/detail/eastmount/8139915

(By:Eastmount 2014年11月10日夜1点 
http://blog.csdn.net/eastmount/)

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