linux下对oracle备份

如题，在linux上装了数据库oracle，需要对数据进行备份。

这个命令其实网上很多，这里就说说怎么打linux命令。

登陆linux后，进入oracle的安装目录下，找到bin那个目录，进入bin目录。我们可以先看一看这些命令的所有者：ls -l[root@callcenter bin]# [root@callcenter bin]# [root@callcenter bin]# pwd/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin[root@callcenter bin]# [root@callcenter bin]# [root@callcenter bin]# [root@callcenter bin]# ls -ltotal 215932-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     13093 Oct 20  2005 adapters-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1891 Aug  9  2005 agentok.sh-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     95620 Aug 22 17:23 agtctl-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 agtctlO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall      1542 Aug 22 17:16 aqxmlctl-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall      1542 Aug 22 17:07 aqxmlctl.ouibak-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall      6768 Nov  4  2004 aqxmlctl.pl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3099 Apr  5  2005 asmcmd-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    214856 May 21  2005 asmcmdcore-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2434 Aug 22 17:16 bndlchk-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     63821 Mar 11  2008 cfo-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 clscfg-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    716197 Mar  1  2008 clscfg.bin-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 clsfmt-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    701777 Mar  1  2008 clsfmt.bin-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 clsid-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    627625 Mar  1  2008 clsid.bin-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       736 Aug 22 17:17 cluvfy-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       531 Aug 22 17:23 commonenv-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall        82 Oct 15  2004 commonenv.bat.template-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       399 Aug 22 17:14 commonenv.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       504 Mar 30  2007 commonenv.template-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2854 Jan  1  2000 coraenv-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 crsctl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   3493325 Mar  1  2008 crsctl.bin-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    368942 Feb  6  2008 csscan-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Jun 22  2005 csscanO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    570816 Feb  5  2008 ctxkbtc-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    480275 Aug 22 17:22 ctxlc-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 ctxlcO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    226112 Aug 22 17:22 ctxload-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 ctxloadO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     33359 Aug 22 17:23 cursize-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 cursizeO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      5595 Aug 22 17:23 dbca-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      5361 Aug 22 17:14 dbca.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     11160 Oct 13  2004 DBConsole.pm-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     13237 Aug 22 17:23 dbfsize-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 dbfsizeO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2417 Jan  1  2000 dbhome-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall      6582 Jan  1  2000 dbshut-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     14088 Jan  1  2000 dbstart-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      7232 Aug 22 17:17 dbua-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      6000 Aug 22 17:07 dbua.ouibak-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    383311 Aug 22 17:23 dbv-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 dbvO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1348 Aug 22 17:17 deploync-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1348 Aug 22 17:07 deploync.ouibak-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   2284665 Aug 22 17:23 dgmgrl-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   2284665 Aug 22 17:20 dgmgrlO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1201 Aug 22 17:17 dropjava-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       504 Aug 22 17:07 dropjava.ouibak-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    762975 Aug 22 17:23 dsml2ldif-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    314923 Aug 22 17:23 dumpsga-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 dumpsga0-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall   2253608 Aug 22 17:20 e2eme-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 May 19  2004 e2eme0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       153 Jun 13  2005 echodo-rwx------. 1 oracle oinstall     67275 Aug 22 17:20 emagent-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 May 19  2004 emagent0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3766 Aug 22 17:23 emagentdeploy.pl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     19227 Nov 19  2006 EMAgent.pm-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     80358 Aug 22 17:20 emagtm-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     80279 Feb 29  2008 emagtm0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1714 Aug 22 17:23 emca-rwxr--r--. 1 oracle oinstall     12407 Aug 22 17:23 emctl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     30831 Aug 22 17:23 EmctlCommon.pm-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     28704 Aug 22 17:14 EmctlCommon.pm.ouibak-rwxr--r--. 1 oracle oinstall     12086 Aug 22 17:14 emctl.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     89929 Aug 22 17:23 emctl.pl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     85908 Aug 22 17:14 emctl.pl.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     12432 Jul 20  2006 emctl.template-rwx------. 1 oracle oinstall    119862 Aug 22 17:20 emdctl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 May 19  2004 emdctl0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     21942 Aug 11  2005 EMDeploy.pm-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1226 Jan 12  2004 emdfail.command-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3944 May 12  2005 emdlctl.template-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3449 May 12  2005 emdrollogs.pl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       767 Jan 12  2004 emlfail.command-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2802 May 12  2005 emrepdown.pl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1693 Jan 12  2004 emrepdown.sh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1192 Aug 22 17:23 emtgtctl-rwsr-s--x. 1 oracle oinstall     96786 Aug 22 17:20 emtgtctl2-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 May 12  2005 emtgtctl20-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       889 Aug 22 17:14 emtgtctl.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1146 May  9  2007 emtgtctl.template-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      8730 Aug 22 17:23 emutil-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      8730 Aug 22 17:14 emutil.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     25232 Jan 12  2004 emwd-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     54634 Apr 24  2007 emwd.pl-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    713618 Aug 22 17:20 exp-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    200603 Aug 22 17:20 expdp-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 expdpO-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 expO-rwsr-x---. 1 root   oinstall     58520 Aug 22 17:23 extjob-rwx------. 1 oracle oinstall     58520 Aug 22 17:23 extjobo-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     59988 Mar 11  2008 extjobO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     59988 Mar 11  2008 extjoboO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     63679 Aug 22 17:23 extproc-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     69653 Aug 22 17:23 extproc32-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall     30121 Mar 11  2008 extproc32O-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 extprocO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       315 Aug 22 17:07 extusrupgrade-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2950 Aug 22 17:23 fix_4525303.pl-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    656290 Mar 11  2008 fmputl-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     12309 Mar 11  2008 fmputlhp-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      4865 Sep 23  2005 genagtsh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      9668 Sep 26  2005 genclntsh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      5146 Jun 23  2005 genclntst-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     66218 Aug 22 17:20 genezi-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     67542 Mar 11  2008 geneziO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    856381 Mar 11  2008 genksms-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2893 Oct 20  2005 gennfgt-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      4902 Mar  2  2008 gennttab-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3528 Feb 20  2007 genoccish-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      9590 Feb  6  2008 genorasdksh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2318 Jan  1  2000 gensyslib-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Oct 22  2005 grdcscan-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    723078 Mar  1  2008 gsd-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      4773 Aug 22 17:17 gsdctl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      4930 Aug 22 17:17 gsd.sh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2134 Feb 16  2003 helpins-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    184801 Aug 22 17:23 hsalloci-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 hsallociO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     72973 Aug 22 17:23 hsdepxa-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 hsdepxaO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   1702229 Aug 22 17:23 hsodbc-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 hsodbcO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     71669 Aug 22 17:23 hsots-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 hsotsO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     15719 Apr 17  2007 IASConsole.pm-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    356498 Aug 22 17:20 imp-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    205618 Aug 22 17:20 impdp-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 impdpO-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 impO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3247 Aug 22 17:07 isqlplusctl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     11083 Aug 22 17:17 isqlplusctl.pl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     10904 Aug 22 17:07 isqlplusctl.pl.ouibak-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   8130798 Aug 22 17:23 kfod-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Jun 22  2005 kfod0-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 kfodO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    434320 Aug 22 17:23 kgmgr-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    434320 Aug 22 17:20 kgmgrO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   3758285 Mar 11  2008 kgpmonlrwxrwxrwx. 1 oracle oinstall        49 Aug 22 17:07 lbuilder -> /oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/nls/lbuilder/lbuilder-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   1079375 Feb  7  2008 lcsscan-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    779813 Aug 22 17:23 ldapadd-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    793136 Aug 22 17:23 ldapaddmt-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    707413 Aug 22 17:23 ldapbind-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    707343 Aug 22 17:23 ldapcompare-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    707390 Aug 22 17:23 ldapdelete-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    707170 Aug 22 17:23 ldapmoddn-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    779813 Aug 22 17:23 ldapmodify-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    793136 Aug 22 17:23 ldapmodifymt-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    728995 Aug 22 17:23 ldapsearch-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1867 Aug 22 17:07 ldifmigrator-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1176 Jun 13  2005 linkshlib-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    890211 Feb  7  2008 lmsgen-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1437 Aug 22 17:17 loadjava-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       545 Aug 22 17:07 loadjava.ouibak-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     30029 Aug 22 17:23 loadpsp-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     30029 Aug 22 17:20 loadpspO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     22589 Aug 22 17:17 localconfig-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    102917 Aug 22 17:22 lsnrctl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 lsnrctl0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    544765 Feb  7  2008 lxchknlb-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    934744 Feb  7  2008 lxegen-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   2656925 Feb  7  2008 lxinst-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       485 Aug  4  2006 makerootca.sh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       485 Aug  4  2006 makeserverwlt-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    315164 Aug 22 17:23 mapsga-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 mapsga0-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     12995 Aug 22 17:23 maxmem-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 maxmemO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2214 Aug 22 17:17 mkstore-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2214 Aug 22 17:07 mkstore.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    188719 Mar  2  2008 mkwallet-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1347 Aug 22 17:17 ncomp-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1347 Aug 22 17:07 ncomp.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      6400 Aug 22 17:17 netca-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       102 Aug 22 17:17 netca_deinst.sh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Aug 31  2005 netca_inst.sh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      6401 Aug 22 17:07 netca.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      6212 Aug 22 17:17 netmgr-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      6213 Aug 22 17:07 netmgr.ouibak-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    159582 Aug 22 17:23 nid-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 nidO-rwsr-s---. 1 root   oinstall     18196 Aug 22 17:11 nmb-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Oct 22  2005 nmb0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     43626 Feb 29  2008 nmcbufp-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    929164 Aug 22 17:20 nmccollector-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    921293 Feb 29  2008 nmccollector0-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    100103 Aug 22 17:20 nmei-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 May 19  2004 nmei0-rwsr-s---. 1 root   oinstall     16212 Aug 22 17:11 nmo-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Oct 22  2005 nmo0-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     71668 Aug 22 17:20 nmocat-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 May 19  2004 nmocat0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    365371 Feb 29  2008 nmuct-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     74772 Aug 22 17:20 nmupm-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 May 19  2004 nmupm0-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     76837 Aug 22 17:20 nmus-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 May 19  2004 nmus0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1684 Aug 22 17:07 oclsmon-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    629312 Oct 20  2005 oclsmon.bin-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 oclsomon-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    640405 Mar  1  2008 oclsomon.bin-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 oclsvmon-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    645572 Mar  1  2008 oclsvmon.bin-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    628942 Aug 22 17:23 ocrcheck-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 ocrcheck0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    640002 Mar  1  2008 ocrcheck.bin-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    703131 Aug 22 17:23 ocrconfig-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       568 Aug 22 17:17 ocrconfig0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    714871 Mar  1  2008 ocrconfig.bin-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    658610 Aug 22 17:23 ocrdump-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 ocrdump0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    670182 Mar  1  2008 ocrdump.bin-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2268 Aug 22 17:17 ocssd-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   1482620 Mar  1  2008 ocssd.bin-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       989 Aug 22 17:07 odisrvreg-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2365 Jan  1  2000 oerr-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2008 Aug 22 17:07 oidadmin-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2152 Aug 22 17:07 oidca-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2142 Aug 22 17:16 oidprovtool-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2142 Aug 22 17:07 oidprovtool.ouibak-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall    983155 Aug 22 17:23 oifcfg-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 oifcfg0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1489 Aug 22 17:17 ojvmjava-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       500 Aug 22 17:07 ojvmjava.ouibak-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall      9806 Aug 22 17:22 okdstry-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 okdstry0-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall      7456 Aug 22 17:22 okinit-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 okinit0-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     13059 Aug 22 17:22 oklist-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 oklist0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1166 Aug 22 17:07 olsadmintool-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1196 Aug 22 17:07 olsoidsync-rwx------. 1 oracle oinstall      3334 Aug 22 17:23 onsctl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall        46 Nov  7  2000 oracg-rwsr-s--x. 1 oracle oinstall 112468034 Aug 22 17:20 oracle-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 oracleO-r-sr-s---. 1 root   oinstall     14931 Mar 11  2008 oradism-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 oradismO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2947 Jan  1  2000 oraenv-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall        44 Dec  4  2002 orajaxb-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall        59 Nov 25  2002 orapipe-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3176 Aug 22 17:17 orapki-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3176 Aug 22 17:07 orapki.ouibak-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     21758 Aug 22 17:23 orapwd-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 orapwdO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   1816142 Feb 29  2008 oratclsh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall        48 Sep 25  2000 oraxml-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall        48 Sep 25  2000 oraxsl-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall      7077 Aug 22 17:23 osdbagrp-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall      7077 Aug 22 17:23 osdbagrp0-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall     10500 Mar 11  2008 osh-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       917 Aug 22 17:17 ott-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      5396 Aug 22 17:17 owm-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      5396 Aug 22 17:07 owm.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   7485806 Aug 22 17:20 proc-rw-r--r--. 1 oracle oinstall      1108 May 23  2005 processDef.pl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       691 Oct 22  2005 proxyserv-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     53117 Oct 16  2005 proxyserv.bin-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1748 Feb 16  2003 pupbld-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   1105129 Aug 22 17:23 racgeut-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   1109589 Mar  1  2008 racgeutO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   1260548 Aug 22 17:23 racgimon-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 racgimonO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   1242814 Aug 22 17:23 racgmain-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   1245738 Mar  1  2008 racgmainO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   1151295 Aug 22 17:23 racgmdb-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 racgmdbO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Aug 22 17:07 racgons-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall      1828 Aug 22 17:17 racgwrap-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall      1333 Aug 22 17:07 racgwrap.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1814 Aug  1  2007 racgwrap.sbs-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    129870 Mar  1  2008 rawutl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      5337 Aug 22 17:17 rconfig-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      5337 Aug 22 17:07 rconfig.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      8579 Nov 28  2007 relink-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      6119 Aug 22 17:23 repo_mig-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      6119 Aug 22 17:14 repo_mig.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      5959 Sep 25  2004 repo_mig.template-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall  12712969 Aug 22 17:20 rman-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 rmanO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1668 Jan 12  2004 runclass-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2175 Aug 26  2005 sAgentUtils.pm-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    125172 Aug 22 17:23 sbttest-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 sbttestO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   1608096 Feb  5  2008 schema-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       932 Aug 22 17:07 schemasync-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    734505 Aug 22 17:20 sqlldr-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 sqlldrO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall      7169 Aug 22 17:23 sqlplus-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 sqlplusO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      4547 Aug 22 17:17 srvconfig-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      6226 Aug 22 17:17 srvctl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     12962 Mar  1  2008 srvmspawn-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       474 Aug 22 17:23 sslsetup-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     34679 Aug 22 17:14 sslsetup.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1347 Aug 22 17:17 statusnc-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      1347 Aug 22 17:07 statusnc.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3261 Jun  7  2005 symfind-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     22443 Mar 11  2008 sysresv-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3488 Aug 22 17:23 targetdeploy.pl-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     62774 Aug 22 17:20 tg4pwd-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 tg4pwdO-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    138165 Aug 22 17:20 tkprof-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 tkprofO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Oct 22  2005 tnnfg.dbl-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall    443502 Aug 22 17:22 tnslsnr-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 tnslsnr0-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     13445 Aug 22 17:22 tnsping-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 tnsping0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall        45 Sep 25  2001 transx-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2997 Aug 22 17:17 trcasst-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2998 Aug 22 17:07 trcasst.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Oct 22  2005 trcldr-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     21586 Aug 22 17:22 trcroute-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 trcroute0-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      2060 Aug 22 17:07 trcsess-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall     22198 Aug 22 17:23 tstshm-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 tstshmO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3124 Aug 22 17:17 umu-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall      3124 Aug 22 17:07 umu.ouibak-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall    101448 Jan  1  2000 unzip-rwxr-x--x. 1 oracle oinstall   6243095 Aug 22 17:22 wrap-rwxr-x---. 1 oracle oinstall         0 Mar 12  2008 wrapO-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   1967294 Feb  5  2008 xml-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   2376548 Feb  5  2008 xmlcg-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     39481 Sep  2  2004 xmlwf-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   1867426 Feb  5  2008 xsl-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall       762 Jan 12  2004 xsql-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall   1798277 Feb  5  2008 xvm-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall     84086 Feb 12  2008 zip[root@callcenter bin]# [root@callcenter bin]# [root@callcenter bin]# 可以看出这些命令属于用户oracle。要运行这个bin下的oracle命令，需要用oracle用户登陆，然后切换用户[root@callcenter bin]# [root@callcenter bin]# [root@callcenter bin]# su - oracle[oracle@callcenter ~]$ [oracle@callcenter ~]$ [oracle@callcenter ~]$ 这时会进入这个用户的主目录/home/oracle，这时可以用oracle的命令了exp xxx/xxx@11.0.198.1:1521/orcl file=devdb.dmp full=y 由于导出是会有很多信息输出，最后完成后我们在屏幕上可能看不全这些输出信息，所以可以使用重定向把输出信息写入一个文件。exp xxx/xxx@11.0.198.1:1521/orcl file=devdb.dmp full=y  >explog 2>&1（注意，命令可能需要运行一段时间，在此期间你看不到输出信息，因为被重定向到文件explog中去了，耐心等命令运行完）运行命令完成后[oracle@callcenter ~]$ [oracle@callcenter ~]$ pwd/home/oracle[oracle@callcenter ~]$ [oracle@callcenter ~]$ [oracle@callcenter ~]$ [oracle@callcenter ~]$ ls10201_database_linux_x86_64.cpio  Disk1  database  devdb.dmp  explog[oracle@callcenter ~]$ [oracle@callcenter ~]$ 这次导出日志文件很长，有2000多行，也有一些错误提示信息，这里就只贴出开始和结尾几行：Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Nov 7 14:37:11 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsExport done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character setserver uses AL32UTF8 character set (possible charset conversion)About to export the entire database .... exporting tablespace definitions. exporting profiles. exporting user definitions. exporting roles. exporting resource costs省略EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.. . exporting table             TB_ZJ_SETTINGGRADE         23 rows exportedEXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.. . exporting table                          X_SEQ          7 rows exportedEXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.. exporting synonyms. exporting views. exporting referential integrity constraints. exporting stored procedures. exporting operators. exporting indextypes. exporting bitmap, functional and extensible indexes. exporting posttables actions. exporting triggers. exporting materialized views. exporting snapshot logs. exporting job queues. exporting refresh groups and children. exporting dimensions. exporting post-schema procedural objects and actions. exporting user history table. exporting default and system auditing options. exporting statisticsExport terminated successfully with warnings.