NSAttributedString 详解
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转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/zhw511006/archive/2012/09/21/2696700.html
首先导入CoreText.framework,并在需要使用的文件中导入:
#import<CoreText/CoreText.h>
创建一个NSMutableAttributedString:
- NSMutableAttributedString *attriString = [[[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:@"this is test!"]
- autorelease];
非常常规的创建方式,接下来我们给它配置属性:
- //把this的字体颜色变为红色
- [attriString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName
- value:(id)[UIColor redColor].CGColor
- range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
- //把is变为黄色
- [attriString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTForegroundColorAttributeName
- value:(id)[UIColor yellowColor].CGColor
- range:NSMakeRange(5, 2)];
- //改变this的字体,value必须是一个CTFontRef
- [attriString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTFontAttributeName
- value:(id)CTFontCreateWithName((CFStringRef)[UIFont boldSystemFontOfSize:14].fontName,
- 14,
- NULL)
- range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
- //给this加上下划线,value可以在指定的枚举中选择
- [attriString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTUnderlineStyleAttributeName
- value:(id)[NSNumber numberWithInt:kCTUnderlineStyleDouble]
- range:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
- return attriString;
这样就算是配置好了,但是我们可以发现NSAttributedString继承于NSObject,并且不支持任何draw的方法,那我们就只能自己draw了。写一个UIView的子类(假设命名为TView),在initWithFrame中把背景色设为透明(self.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor]),然后在重写drawRect方法:
- -(void)drawRect:(CGRect)rect{
- [super drawRect:rect];
- NSAttributedString *attriString = getAttributedString();
- CGContextRef ctx = UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext();
- CGContextConcatCTM(ctx, CGAffineTransformScale(CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(0, rect.size.height), 1.f, -1.f));
- CTFramesetterRef framesetter = CTFramesetterCreateWithAttributedString((CFAttributedStringRef)attriString);
- CGMutablePathRef path = CGPathCreateMutable();
- CGPathAddRect(path, NULL, rect);
- CTFrameRef frame = CTFramesetterCreateFrame(framesetter, CFRangeMake(0, 0), path, NULL);
- CFRelease(path);
- CFRelease(framesetter);
- CTFrameDraw(frame, ctx);
- CFRelease(frame);
- }
在代码中我们调整了CTM(current transformation matrix),这是因为Quartz 2D的坐标系统不同,比如(10, 10)到(20, 20)的直线坐标:
坐标类似于数学中的坐标,可以先不调整CTM,看它是什么样子的,下面两种调整方法是完全一样的:
- CGContextConcatCTM(ctx, CGAffineTransformScale(CGAffineTransformMakeTranslation(0, rect.size.height), 1.f, -1.f));
==
- CGContextTranslateCTM(ctx, 0, rect.size.height);
- CGContextScaleCTM(ctx, 1, -1);
CTFramesetter是CTFrame的创建工厂,NSAttributedString需要通过CTFrame绘制到界面上,得到CTFramesetter后,创建path(绘制路径),然后得到CTFrame,最后通过CTFrameDraw方法绘制到界面上。
如果想要计算NSAttributedString所要的size,就需要用到这个API:
CTFramesetterSuggestFrameSizeWithConstraints,用NSString的sizeWithFont算多行时会算不准的,因为在CoreText里,行间距也是你来控制的。
设置行间距和换行模式都是设置一个属性:kCTParagraphStyleAttributeName,这个属性里面又分为很多子
属性,其中就包括
- kCTLineBreakByCharWrapping
- kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacingAdjustment
- //段落
- //line break
- CTParagraphStyleSetting lineBreakMode;
- CTLineBreakMode lineBreak = kCTLineBreakByCharWrapping; //换行模式
- lineBreakMode.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineBreakMode;
- lineBreakMode.value = &lineBreak;
- lineBreakMode.valueSize = sizeof(CTLineBreakMode);
- //行间距
- CTParagraphStyleSetting LineSpacing;
- CGFloat spacing = 4.0; //指定间距
- LineSpacing.spec = kCTParagraphStyleSpecifierLineSpacingAdjustment;
- LineSpacing.value = &spacing;
- LineSpacing.valueSize = sizeof(CGFloat);
- CTParagraphStyleSetting settings[] = {lineBreakMode,LineSpacing};
- CTParagraphStyleRef paragraphStyle = CTParagraphStyleCreate(settings, 2); //第二个参数为settings的长度
- [attributedString addAttribute:(NSString *)kCTParagraphStyleAttributeName
- value:(id)paragraphStyle
- range:NSMakeRange(0, attributedString.length)];
-----------------------------------------猥琐的分界线-----------------------------------------
这并不是唯一的方法,还有另一种替代方案:
- CATextLayer *textLayer = [CATextLayer layer];
- textLayer.string = getAttributedString();
- textLayer.frame = CGRectMake(0, CGRectGetMaxY(view.frame), 200, 200);
- [self.view.layer addSublayer:textLayer];
CATextLayer可以直接支持NSAttributedString!
-----------------------------------------猥琐的分界线-----------------------------------------
效果图:
源码地址
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6cffce7701016k7p.html
<span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:System;"></span><pre name="code" class="objc">NSString *testStr = @"测试";UILabel *testLab = ...(实例对象)NSMutableParagraphStyle *ps = [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc] init]; [ps setAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter]; NSDictionary *attribs = @{ NSFontAttributeName: [UIFont fontWithName:@"Microsoft Yahei" size:45], NSParagraphStyleAttributeName:ps}; NSMutableAttributedString *attributedText =[[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] initWithString:testStr attributes:attribs]; testLab.attributedText = attributedText; </span>
二、设置行距、行间距(NSMutableParagraphStyle)
<span style="font-size:14px;">NSMutableParagraphStyle *paragraphStyle = [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc]init]; paragraphStyle.lineHeightMultiple = 20.f; paragraphStyle.maximumLineHeight = 25.f; paragraphStyle.minimumLineHeight = 15.f; paragraphStyle.firstLineHeadIndent = 20.f; paragraphStyle.alignment = NSTextAlignmentJustified; NSDictionary *attributes = @{ </span>
<span style="font-size:14px;">NSFontAttributeName:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:14], </span>
<span style="font-size:14px;">NSParagraphStyleAttributeName:paragraphStyle, </span>
<span style="font-size:14px;">NSForegroundColorAttributeName:[UIColor colorWithRed:76./255. green:75./255. blue:71./255. alpha:1] }; textView.attributedText = [[NSAttributedString alloc]initWithString:content attributes:attributes]; </span>三、设置对齐方式、折行方式
NSMutableParagraphStyle *paragraph = [[NSMutableParagraphStyle alloc] init];
paragraph.alignment = NSTextAlignmentJustified
paragraph.lineBreakMode = NSLineBreakByWordWrappin
四、NSMutableParagraphStyle、NSAttributedString(简单介绍,详细看API吧)
当然也可以初始化一个NSMutableAttributedString,然后向里面添加文字样式,最后将它赋给textView的AttributedText即可
- NSMutableAttributedString *atr = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc]initWithString:detail];
- [atr addAttribute:NSFontAttributeName value:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:14] range:NSMakeRange(0, detail.length)];
- textView.attributedText = atr;
另外,对于textview中的链接样式,同样也可以定制
- NSDictionary *linkAttributes = @{NSForegroundColorAttributeName: [UIColor blueColor],
- NSUnderlineColorAttributeName: [UIColor blackColor],
- NSUnderlineStyleAttributeName: @(NSUnderlinePatternDash)};
- self.linkTextAttributes = linkAttributes;
NSString *const NSForegroundColorAttribu
NSString *const NSBackgroundColorAttribu
NSString *const NSLigatureAttributeName;//值为整型NSNumber,连字属性,一般中文用不到,在英文中可能出现相邻字母连笔的情况。0为不连笔;1为默认连笔,也是默认值;2在ios 上不支持。
NSString *const NSKernAttributeName;//值为浮点数NSNumber,字距属性,默认值为0。
NSString *const NSStrikethroughStyleAttr
enum {
};设置删除线。
NSString *const NSUnderlineStyleAttribut
NSString *const NSStrokeColorAttributeNa
NSString *const NSStrokeWidthAttributeNa
NSString *const NSShadowAttributeName;//值为NSShadow,设置比画的阴影,默认值为nil。
NSString *const NSVerticalGlyphFormAttri
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