tomcat解压缩版如何启动

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在使用tomcat之前，需要先安装JDK，然后配置环境变量path，即将JDK的bin目录的完整路径放到path中。

我使用的是apache-tomcat-6.0.14，并分别在xp和Win7中试验了tomcat解压缩版如何启动，下面分别来说明。

在win7系统中，将tomcat解压到一个目录中，我解压到了C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation中，然后双击C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\bin\startup.bat，此时命令提示符窗口一闪而过，tomcat并未启动。我们可以进入命令提示符窗口来查看问题所在。打开命令提示符窗口，进入到startup.bat所在的目录下（即输入cd C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\bin），输入startup并回车，可以看到命令提示符窗口中出现以下内容：

Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7600]
版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\Users\ywk>cd C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-tomcat-6.0.14
\bin

C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\bin>startup
Neither the JAVA_HOME nor the JRE_HOME environment variable is defined
At least one of these environment variable is needed to run this program
C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache-tomcat-6.0.14\bin>

可见问题同xp一样，所以我们需要再设置JAVA_HOME环境变量，方法同上，再次强调一遍，JAVA_HOME环境变量的内容最后一定不要加分号。

此时，再到bin目录下双击startup.bat就可以启动tomcat了，此时会出现一个命令提示符窗口，其内容如下：

        at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:102)
        at java.io.FileWriter.<init>(FileWriter.java:61)
        at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.open(FileHandler.java:259)
        at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.<init>(FileHandler.java:59)
        at org.apache.juli.FileHandler.<init>(FileHandler.java:50)
        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)

        at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstruct
orAccessorImpl.java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingC
onstructorAccessorImpl.java:27)
        at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:513)
        at java.lang.Class.newInstance0(Class.java:355)
        at java.lang.Class.newInstance(Class.java:308)
        at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:398)
        at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:342)
        at org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager.readConfiguration(ClassLoaderLo
gManager.java:238)
        at java.util.logging.LogManager$2.run(LogManager.java:266)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at java.util.logging.LogManager.readPrimordialConfiguration(LogManager.j
ava:264)
        at java.util.logging.LogManager.getLogManager(LogManager.java:247)
        at java.util.logging.Logger.<init>(Logger.java:220)
        at java.util.logging.LogManager$RootLogger.<init>(LogManager.java:997)
        at java.util.logging.LogManager$RootLogger.<init>(LogManager.java:994)
        at java.util.logging.LogManager$1.run(LogManager.java:179)
        at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
        at java.util.logging.LogManager.<clinit>(LogManager.java:156)
        at java.util.logging.Logger.getLogger(Logger.java:273)
        at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.<init>(DirectJDKLog.java:71)
        at org.apache.juli.logging.DirectJDKLog.getInstance(DirectJDKLog.java:17
8)
        at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:170)
        at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getInstance(LogFactory.java:241)
        at org.apache.juli.logging.LogFactory.getLog(LogFactory.java:296)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.<clinit>(Bootstrap.java:54)
2010-5-16 16:25:30 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
信息: The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in produ
ction environments was not found on the java.library.path: C:\Program Files\Java
\jdk1.6.0_16\bin;.;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Pro
gram Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_16\bin;D:\办公\GCC\gcc\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windo
ws;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\程序\
Windows优化大师\VistaMaster;D:\系统\Windows优化大师\VistaMaster;C:\Program Files
\Common Files\Thunder Network\KanKan\Codecs;c:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Serve
r\90\Tools\binn\;C:\Program Files\IDM Computer Solutions\UltraEdit\
2010-5-16 16:25:30 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol init
信息: Initializing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2010-5-16 16:25:30 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
信息: Initialization processed in 506 ms
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.naming.NamingContext lookup
警告: Unexpected exception resolving reference
java.io.FileNotFoundException: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apach
e-tomcat-6.0.14\conf\tomcat-users.xml.new (拒绝访问。)
        at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(Native Method)
        at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:179)
        at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:131)
        at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabase.save(MemoryUserDatabase.
java:521)
        at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.getObjectInstance
(MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.java:104)
        at org.apache.naming.factory.ResourceFactory.getObjectInstance(ResourceF
actory.java:140)
        at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getObjectInstance(NamingManager.java:3
04)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:793)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:140)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.nextElementInterna
l(NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.java:113)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.next(NamingContext
BindingsEnumeration.java:71)
        at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBe
ans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:137)
        at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBe
ans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:109)
        at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.lifecycle
Event(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:81)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycl
eSupport.java:117)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:703
)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener c
reateMBeans
严重: Exception processing Global JNDI Resources
javax.naming.NamingException: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache
-tomcat-6.0.14\conf\tomcat-users.xml.new (拒绝访问。)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:805)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:140)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.nextElementInterna
l(NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.java:113)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.next(NamingContext
BindingsEnumeration.java:71)
        at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBe
ans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:137)
        at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBe
ans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:109)
        at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.lifecycle
Event(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:81)
        at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(Lifecycl
eSupport.java:117)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:703
)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService start
信息: Starting service Catalina
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine start
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/6.0.14
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.naming.NamingContext lookup
警告: Unexpected exception resolving reference
java.io.FileNotFoundException: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apach
e-tomcat-6.0.14\conf\tomcat-users.xml.new (拒绝访问。)
        at java.io.FileOutputStream.open(Native Method)
        at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:179)
        at java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:131)
        at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabase.save(MemoryUserDatabase.
java:521)
        at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.getObjectInstance
(MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.java:104)
        at org.apache.naming.factory.ResourceFactory.getObjectInstance(ResourceF
actory.java:140)
        at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getObjectInstance(NamingManager.java:3
04)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:793)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:153)
        at org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm.start(UserDatabaseRealm.j
ava:253)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1037)

        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443
)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:5
16)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710
)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm start
严重: Exception looking up UserDatabase under key UserDatabase
javax.naming.NamingException: C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\apache
-tomcat-6.0.14\conf\tomcat-users.xml.new (拒绝访问。)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:805)
        at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:153)
        at org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm.start(UserDatabaseRealm.j
ava:253)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1037)

        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443
)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:5
16)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710
)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:566)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
        at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.
java:39)
        at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAcces
sorImpl.java:25)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
        at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2010-5-16 16:25:31 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
严重: Catalina.start:
LifecycleException: No UserDatabase component found under key UserDatabase
        at org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm.start(UserDatabaseRealm.j
ava:261)
        at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1037)

此时，虽然可以启动tomcat了，但其中出现了很多问题，并且此时在浏览器中的地址栏中输入http://localhost:8080并回车时，并未出现我们想要的tomcat的那个界面。

我们还需要设置一个环境变量CATALINA_HOME，其内容为tomcat的安装路径，注意同样不要加分号。

再双击startup.bat，看见出现的命令提示符窗口内容和刚才一样，问题还在。

关闭出现的命令提示符窗口，在startup.bat上单击右键，选择“以管理员身份运行”，这时tomcat便可以正常启动了，出现的命令提示符窗口内容如下：

2010-5-16 16:35:48 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
信息: The Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in produ
ction environments was not found on the java.library.path: C:\Program Files\Java
\jdk1.6.0_16\bin;.;C:\Windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Pro
gram Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_16\bin;D:\办公\GCC\gcc\bin;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windo
ws;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;D:\程序\
Windows优化大师\VistaMaster;D:\系统\Windows优化大师\VistaMaster;C:\Program Files
\Common Files\Thunder Network\KanKan\Codecs;c:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Serve
r\90\Tools\binn\;C:\Program Files\IDM Computer Solutions\UltraEdit\
2010-5-16 16:35:48 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol init
信息: Initializing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2010-5-16 16:35:48 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
信息: Initialization processed in 539 ms
2010-5-16 16:35:48 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService start
信息: Starting service Catalina
2010-5-16 16:35:48 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine start
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/6.0.14
2010-5-16 16:35:50 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol start
信息: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2010-5-16 16:35:50 org.apache.jk.common.ChannelSocket init
信息: JK: ajp13 listening on /0.0.0.0:8009
2010-5-16 16:35:50 org.apache.jk.server.JkMain start
信息: Jk running ID=0 time=0/73 config=null
2010-5-16 16:35:50 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 2126 ms

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