《组播扩展OSPF》

OSPF(Open Shortest Path First开放式最短路径优先）是一个内部网关协议(Interior Gateway Protocol，简称IGP），用于在单一自治系统（autonomous system,AS）内决策路由。是对链路状态路由协议的一种实现，隶属内部网关协议（IGP），故运作于自治系统内部。著名的迪杰斯特拉(Dijkstra)算法被用来计算最短路径树。与RIP相比，OSPF是链路状态协议，而RIP是距离矢量协议。不同厂商管理距离不同，思科OSPF的协议管理距离（AD）是110，华为OSPF的协议管理距离是10。邻居（Neighbor）OSPF只有邻居之间才会交换LSA，路由器会将链路状态数据库中所有的内容毫不保留地发给所有邻居，要想在OSPF路由器之间交换LSA，必须先形成OSPF邻居，OSPF邻居靠发送Hello包来建立和维护，Hello包会在启动了OSPF的接口上周期性发送，在不同的网络中，发送Hello包的间隔也会不同，当超过4倍的Hello时间，也就是Dead时间过后还没有收到邻居的Hello包，邻居关系将被断开。R1:R1#R1#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R1(config)#int f0/0R1(config-if)#ip add 13.1.1.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#no shutR1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#*Mar  1 00:03:51.803: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up*Mar  1 00:03:52.803: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR1(config)#int l 0R1(config-if)#ip add*Mar  1 00:03:58.171: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to upR1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#no shutR1(config-if)#exitR1(config)#router ospf 100R1(config-router)#network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R1(config-router)#network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0 area 0R1(config-router)#*Mar  1 00:26:19.803: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR2:R2#R2#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R2(config)#int f0/0R2(config-if)#ip add 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#exit*Mar  1 00:05:27.895: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up*Mar  1 00:05:28.895: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR2(config)#int l 0*Mar  1 00:05:45.495: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#exitR2(config)#do show ip int b//查看路由接口Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                ProtocolFastEthernet0/0            23.1.1.2        YES manual up                    upLoopback0                  2.2.2.2         YES manual up                    upR2(config)#R2(config)#router ospf 100R2(config-router)#network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R2(config-router)#network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0  area 0R2(config-router)#*Mar  1 00:26:46.355: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR2(config-router)#R4:R4#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R4(config)#int f0/0R4(config-if)#ip add 34.1.1.4 255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#no shutR4(config-if)#exitR4(config)#*Mar  1 00:08:04.055: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up*Mar  1 00:08:05.055: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR4(config)#int l 0*Mar  1 00:08:11.679: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to upR4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#no shutR4(config-if)#exitR4(config)#router ospf 100R4(config-router)#network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R4(config-router)#network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0 area 0R4(config-router)#*Mar  1 00:27:30.363: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR5:R5#R5#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R5(config)#int f0/0R5(config-if)#ip add 35.1.1.5 255.255.255.0R5(config-if)#no shutR5(config-if)#exitR5(config)#int ;*Mar  1 00:07:01.243: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up*Mar  1 00:07:02.243: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR5(config)#int l 0*Mar  1 00:07:08.691: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to upR5(config-if)#ip add 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.0R5(config-if)#no shutR5(config-if)#exitR5(config)#router ospf 100R5(config-router)#network 35.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R5(config-router)#network 5.5.5.5 0.0.0.0 area 0R5(config-router)#*Mar  1 00:27:01.427: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR5(config-router)#R3:R3#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R3(config)#int f0/0R3(config-if)#ip add 13.1.1.3 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#exit*Mar  1 00:09:09.179: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up*Mar  1 00:09:10.179: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR3(config-if)#exitR3(config)#int f1/0R3(config-if)#ip add 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#exitR3(config)#*Mar  1 00:09:34.055: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to up*Mar  1 00:09:35.055: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/0, changed state to upR3(config)#int f2/0R3(config-if)#ip add 35.1.1.3 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#exitR3(config)#*Mar  1 00:09:59.555: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet2/0, changed state to up*Mar  1 00:10:00.555: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet2/0, changed state to upR3(config)#int f3/0R3(config-if)#ip add 34.1.1.3 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#exitR3(config)#*Mar  1 00:10:23.811: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet3/0, changed state to up*Mar  1 00:10:24.811: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet3/0, changed state to upR3(config)#int l 0*Mar  1 00:18:19.007: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to upR3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#exitR3(config)#R3(config)#router ospf 100R3(config-router)#network 13.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0*Mar  1 00:26:27.103: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR3(config-router)#network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0*Mar  1 00:26:44.979: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet1/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR3(config-router)#network  35.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0*Mar  1 00:27:04.075: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 5.5.5.5 on FastEthernet2/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR3(config-router)#network  34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0*Mar  1 00:27:31.647: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 100, Nbr 4.4.4.4 on FastEthernet3/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading DoneR3(config-router)#network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0 area 0R3(config-router)#R3(config-router)#do show ip os//查看OSFP Routing Process "ospf 100" with ID 3.3.3.3 Start time: 00:25:54.056, Time elapsed: 00:02:43.328 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes Supports opaque LSA Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS) Supports area transit capability Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs Incremental-SPF disabled Minimum LSA interval 5 secs Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs LSA group pacing timer 240 secs Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000 Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0 Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa Number of areas transit capable is 0 External flood list length 0    Area BACKBONE(0)        Number of interfaces in this area is 5 (1 loopback)        Area has no authentication        SPF algorithm last executed 00:00:50.340 ago        SPF algorithm executed 9 times        Area ranges are        Number of LSA 9. Checksum Sum 0x05573E        Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000        Number of DCbitless LSA 0        Number of indication LSA 0        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0        Flood list length 0R3(config-router)# end*Mar  1 00:32:20.387: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by consoleR3#ping 1.1.1.1//连通1.1.1.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 1.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/25/32 msR3#ping 2.2.2.2//连通2.2.2.2Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/24/32 msR3#ping 4.4.4.4//连通4.4.4.4Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 4.4.4.4, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/23/36 msR3#pingR3#ping 5.5.5.5//连通5.5.5.5Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/19/32 msR3#R3#show ip ospf neighbor//查看邻接口Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface4.4.4.4           1   FULL/DR         00:00:36    34.1.1.4        FastEthernet3/05.5.5.5           1   FULL/DR         00:00:38    35.1.1.5        FastEthernet2/02.2.2.2           1   FULL/DR         00:00:39    23.1.1.2        FastEthernet1/01.1.1.1           1   FULL/DR         00:00:31    13.1.1.1        FastEthernet0/0R3#