linux下基于socket的聊天软件

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最近学习linux socket编程，看看unp那本书，顺便写了个类似最简单聊天功能的软件，界面是用qt写的，写下来总结总结吧，如果有问题，欢迎大家和我交流。

模式是C/S模式，服务器端等待请求，客户端发送后建立请求。连接用的是tcp不是udp，其实udp实现更为简单。

一. 环境搭建

我用docker搭了几个虚拟机，具体搭建方式可以参考网上的或我之前写docker的总结：点击打开链接

docker还是很轻量级的，比一般虚拟机起的快多了。

搭建好docker以后就是基本的先看网络是否联通，如果不连通看看链路，防火墙设置一下。

二.没有界面的代码实现：

这部分代码主要参考unp上的简单例子，其中肯定会有bug，因为没有考虑复杂的tcp环境，只是单纯的先实现再说：

服务器端：

#include "unp.h"#include <stdio.h>#include <unistd.h>void Answer(FILE *fop, FILE *fip, int sockfd) {    int         maxfdp1, stdineof;    fd_set      rset;    char        buf[MAXLINE];    int     n;    stdineof = 0;    FD_ZERO(&rset);    for ( ; ; ) {        if (stdineof == 0)            FD_SET(fileno(fip), &rset);        FD_SET(sockfd, &rset);        maxfdp1 = max(fileno(fip), sockfd) + 1;        Select(maxfdp1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);        if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rset)) {  /* socket is readable */            if ( (n = Read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE)) == 0) {                if (stdineof == 1)                    return;     /* normal termination */                else                    err_quit("client quit!");            }            Write(fileno(fop), buf, n);        }        if (FD_ISSET(fileno(fip), &rset)) {  /* input is readable */            if ( (n = Read(fileno(fip), buf, MAXLINE)) == 0) {                stdineof = 1;                Shutdown(sockfd, SHUT_WR);  /* send FIN */                FD_CLR(fileno(fip), &rset);                continue;            }            Writen(sockfd, buf, n);        }    }    }int main(int argc, char **argv){    int                 listenfd, connfd;    pid_t               childpid;    socklen_t           clilen;    struct sockaddr_in  cliaddr, servaddr;    listenfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);    bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));    servaddr.sin_family      = AF_INET;    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);    //servaddr.sin_port        = htons(SERV_PORT);    servaddr.sin_port        = htons(50001);    Bind(listenfd, (SA *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));    Listen(listenfd, LISTENQ);    for ( ; ; ) {        clilen = sizeof(cliaddr);        if ( (connfd = accept(listenfd, (SA *) &cliaddr, &clilen)) < 0) {            if (errno == EINTR)                continue;       /* back to for() */            else                err_sys("accept error");        }        if ( (childpid = Fork()) == 0) {    /* child process */            Close(listenfd);    /* close listening socket */            Answer(stdout, stdin, connfd);            printf("end of one connect!\n");            exit(0);        }        Close(connfd);          /* parent closes connected socket */    }}

客户端代码：

#include"unp.h"const int SIZE = 1024;void Input(FILE *fp, int sockfd) {    intmaxfdp1, stdineof;fd_setrset;charbuf[MAXLINE];intn;stdineof = 0;FD_ZERO(&rset);for ( ; ; ) {if (stdineof == 0)FD_SET(fileno(fp), &rset);FD_SET(sockfd, &rset);maxfdp1 = max(fileno(fp), sockfd) + 1;Select(maxfdp1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);if (FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rset)) {/* socket is readable */if ( (n = Read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE)) == 0) {if (stdineof == 1)return;/* normal termination */elseerr_quit("str_cli: server terminated prematurely");}Write(fileno(stdout), buf, n);}if (FD_ISSET(fileno(fp), &rset)) {  /* input is readable */if ( (n = Read(fileno(fp), buf, MAXLINE)) == 0) {stdineof = 1;Shutdown(sockfd, SHUT_WR);/* send FIN */FD_CLR(fileno(fp), &rset);continue;}Writen(sockfd, buf, n);}}}int main(int argc, char **argv){intsockfd;struct sockaddr_inservaddr;if (argc != 3)err_quit("usage: tcpcli <IPaddress>::<Port>");sockfd = Socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;servaddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));Inet_pton(AF_INET, argv[1], &servaddr.sin_addr);Connect(sockfd, (SA *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));struct sockaddr_in ss;    socklen_t len = sizeof(ss);    if(getsockname(sockfd, (SA *)&ss, &len) < 0) return 0;    int clientPort = ntohs(ss.sin_port);  //pay attention the translate n<->pstr_cli(stdin, sockfd);/* do it all */        printf("%d\n", clientPort);    Input(stdin, sockfd);exit(0);}

vim一粘贴，这代码格式我也是无奈了……

要想跑通这个代码还得配置unp的环境。好吧，我下面有界面的代码可以不用配置unp环境

三.加界面

我抽象了几个基类，主要界面就4个，先来看看界面吧：

服务器端和客户端的聊天界面是一样的，服务器端我做了点小处理，拒绝多个客户的连接，当一个客户聊天时，监听的socket就被关闭了。

刚学qt就开始搞界面，真是太恶心了。

主要代码：

客户端登录：

#include "clientstart.h"#include "chatclient.h"#include <iostream>#include <fstream>#include <sstream>using namespace std;ClientStart::ClientStart(QWidget *parent) :    StartBase(parent){    this->className = "ClientStart";    /*belong to first layout*/    QLabel *labelOppositeIP = new QLabel("请输入服务器IP：");    oppositeIP = new QLineEdit;    QLabel *labelOppositePort = new QLabel("请输入服务器端口：");    oppositePort = new QLineEdit;    firstLayout->addWidget(labelOppositeIP, 2, 0, 1, 1);    firstLayout->addWidget(oppositeIP, 2, 1, 1, 4);    firstLayout->addWidget(labelOppositePort, 3, 0, 1, 1);    firstLayout->addWidget(oppositePort, 3, 1, 1, 4);    /*second layout*/    secondLayout = new QHBoxLayout;    secondLayout->setSpacing(60);    secondLayout->addWidget(buttonSure);    secondLayout->addWidget(buttonCancel);    topLayout->addLayout(firstLayout);    topLayout->addLayout(secondLayout);    QWidget* widget = new QWidget(this);    widget->setLayout(topLayout);      this->setCentralWidget(widget); //add the topLayout in current dialog}ClientStart::~ClientStart(){    //delete this;}void ClientStart::doOpen() {    //QMessageBox::information(this, "success", QObject::tr("xxx"), QMessageBox::Ok);    serverIP = (oppositeIP->text()).toStdString();    serverPort = (oppositePort->text()).toStdString();    /*start connect now*/    bool isConnect = tryConnect();    if(!isConnect) {        errorCall(this, "连接失败");        return ;    }    ChatClient cc(clientIP, clientPort, serverIP, serverPort, servaddr, clientSocketFd);    cc.exec();    //cc.show();    this->close();}void ClientStart::doCancel() {    QMessageBox::information(this, "failed", QObject::tr("请重新设置"), QMessageBox::Ok);    oppositeIP->setText("");    oppositePort->setText("");}bool ClientStart::tryConnect() {    clientSocketFd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;servaddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(serverPort.c_str()));inet_pton(AF_INET, serverIP.c_str(), &servaddr.sin_addr);if(::connect(clientSocketFd, (SA *) &servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0) return 0;    /*get client port, ip has already got*/    struct sockaddr_in ss;    socklen_t len = sizeof(ss);    if(getsockname(clientSocketFd, (SA *)&ss, &len) < 0) return 0;    stringstream stmp; //change int to string    stmp << ntohs(ss.sin_port);  //pay attention the translate n<->p    clientPort = stmp.str();    return 1;}

客户端聊天：

#include "chatclient.h"#include <iostream>#include <fstream>using namespace std;ChatClient::ChatClient(std::string clientIP, std::string clientPort, std::string serverIP, std::string serverPort, struct sockaddr_in servaddr, int clientSocketFd)     : ChatBase(NULL) {    this->clientIP = clientIP;    this->clientPort = clientPort;    this->serverIP = serverIP;    this->serverPort = serverPort;    this->servaddr = servaddr;    this->clientSocketFd = clientSocketFd;    this->lineLocalIP->setText(QString(clientIP.c_str()));    this->lineLocalPort->setText(QString(clientPort.c_str()));    this->lineOppositeIP->setText(QString(serverIP.c_str()));    this->lineOppositePort->setText(QString(serverPort.c_str()));         this->secondLayout->setReadOnly(1);    this->secondLayout->setText("start chatting now!\n");    this->secondLayout->append(showTime());    this->secondLayout->show();    /*connect the socket and function*/    stdineof = 0;    FD_ZERO(&rset);    revSN = new QSocketNotifier(clientSocketFd, QSocketNotifier::Read);     QObject::connect(revSN, SIGNAL(activated(int)), this, SLOT(doDataReceived()));}ChatClient::~ChatClient() {    stdineof = 1;    shutdown(clientSocketFd, SHUT_WR);/* send FIN */    FD_ZERO(&rset);        this->close();}void ChatClient::doSendMsg() {    std::string sent = (forthLayout->toPlainText()).toStdString();    sent += '\n';    if(write(clientSocketFd, sent.c_str(), sent.size()) < 0) {        errorCall(this, "send message failed!");        return ;    }    appendSecondLayout(sent);    forthLayout->clear();}void ChatClient::doCancel() {    forthLayout->clear();}void ChatClient::doSendFile() {}void ChatClient::doVedio() {}void ChatClient::doDataReceived() {    int revLen;    if ( (revLen = read(clientSocketFd, buf, MAXLINE)) == 0) {if (stdineof == 1)return;/* normal termination */else {            errorCall(this, "server terminated prematurely");            this->close();        }    }       buf[revLen] = '\0';    appendSecondLayout(string(buf));    return ;}

服务器端代码就不放了，基本都是类似的。

我把全部代码上传到csdn了，链接：点击打开链接
安装时需要配置qt5，视频和传文件功能暂未实现

四.总结和未来展望

这个软件也就写着玩，肯定有Bug。其实之前的计划是作NAT转发，使得两台局域网之间的主机可以直接聊天，后来发现行不通，没有权限修改入网的路由NAT规则。

以后的计划如下：

1.是不用qt界面，直接命令行。

2.实现文件传输。

3.抛弃C/S架构，搞一台有公网ip的服务器，两台聊天的主机同时连到这个服务，服务器进行转发

如果大家有什么问题欢迎交流，希望能有小伙伴和我一起来搞～～。

代码虽不难，但也是自己倒腾的，转载请注明地址：http://blog.csdn.net/u011353822/article/details/41246277

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