英语圣经词源

Bible
n.圣经

英语的Bible词来自古法语bible,法语是根据拉丁语的biblia及希腊语biblia来的，二者的意思都是“书”（biblion的复数），指

的是天主教和基督教的《圣经》。

《圣经》分《旧约》Old Testament 及《新约》 New Testament 两大部分，《旧约》是耶稣生前在以色列一直流传下来的，《新

约》是耶稣的四个宗徒记载耶稣事迹及其教训而写成的四大福音：马太（玛窦）福音Matthew，马可（玛尔谷）福音Mark，路加福

音Luke，及约翰（若望）福音John,另外就是其他宗徒的书信。

《圣经》原为希伯来文，后译为希腊文，然后译为拉丁文。自公元8世纪起，首先由英王阿尔弗雷德Alfred将部分《圣经》译为古

英语；以后有其他英文本圣经。

真正标准全译的英文圣经是1604年英王James I（1566?1625）召集47位学者由Lancelot Andrew主教领导主持，开始将拉丁文圣经

译为英文，至1611年完成并出版。世称“钦定版”Authorized Version。《圣经》文字优美，对后来伊丽莎白时代的文体有很大影

响。是为最完备的英文圣经，流传至20世纪。至20世纪80年代，又有学者将A.V.版《圣经》中的中世纪英语用词（如has作

hath,you作thee,your作thy...）改成现代英语用语，出版“The New King James Version" Holy Bible,其他完全保持原文。成为

最标准的现代英语版《圣经》。

Dew
n.露，露水

在巴勒斯坦，五至八月为炎热干燥的季节，缺少雨水，植物的生长全靠夜间的露水，露水在巴勒斯坦居民的生活中，占有非常重要

的地位。因此，《圣经》中多处提出露水，dew有多种比喻。

1、上天祝福的迹象

《旧约》“创世纪”27章28节

Therefore may God give you of the dew of heaven, of the fatness of the earth,and plenty of grain and wine.

2、培育

《旧约》“申命纪”32章2节

Let my teaching drop as the rain, my speech distill as the dew ,as rain drops on the tender herb, and as showers

on the grass.

3、和平安宁

《旧约》“诗篇”133篇3节

“Behold, how good and how pleasant it is,

For brethren to dewll together in unity!

It is like the dew of Hermon,

Dsecending upon the mountains of Zion;

For there the Lord commanded the blessing -Life forever more.

4、君王之恩

《旧约》“箴言”19章12节

"The King's wrath is like the roaring of lion,but his favor is like dew on the grass."

5、热的消除

《旧约》“以赛亚书”18章4节

"For so the lord said to me, 'I Will take my rest,and I will look from my dewling place like clear heat in

sunshine, like a cloud of dew in the heat of harvest."

6、美好的生活的许诺

《旧约》“弥迦书”5章7节

" Then the remnant of Jacob shall be in the midst of many peoples,like dew from the Lord, like showers on the

grass, that tarry for no man nor wait for the sons of men ."

anchor
n、锚（比喻危难时可以依靠的人、物、事）

源出《新约》“希伯来书”6章19节

“This hope we have as an anchor of the soul, both sure and steadfast,and which enters the Presence,behind the

veil."

例：A good friend is one upon whom we can rely as an anchor of ship when we are in danger or trouble.

词组成语谚语

1.Anchor light 锚光

沿地平线可以看到的从下锚船只的前部发出的光。

2、swallowing the anchor 水手海员退休（用行话说）

3、the anchor comes home 锚被挣断（比喻企业不听劝告而失败）

4、to weigh anchor 启锚

锚刚离开水底称为aweigh,喻开办企业。

 

anchor of the soul

灵魂的锚（转喻为精神支柱）

源出《新约》“希伯来书”6章18?19节

“that by two immutable things, in which it is impossible for God to lie,we might have strong consolation,who have

fled for refuge to lay hold of the hope set before us. The hope we have as an anchor of the soul,both sure and

steadfast, and which enters the presence behind the veil."

例： Juliet's love was the anchor of Romeo's soul. Once he knew that she had been dead, the anchor became broken.

He could not bear it so he commited suicide by taking poison.

 

green pastures and still waters
青翠的草场和幽静的流水（比喻安静平静）

源出《旧约》“诗篇”23篇1-3节

“The Lord is my shepherd,

I shall not want.

He makes me to lie down in green pastures

He leads me beside the still waters,

He restores my soul,

He leads me in the paths of righteousness

For His name's sake."

angel
n,天使

《旧约》多处提到天使，都与以色列人十二宗族的族长有关。《新约》提到天使，最主要的是与耶稣降生有关的"圣母领报"

Annunciation.

Satan(lucifer)原为天使，因率领一部分天使叛乱，被以米迦勒Mlchael为首的忠良天使战败，沦入地狱。随其叛乱的沦落天使成

为demon

《圣经》记载，天使受造是为了：

1、赞颂天主

《旧约》“诗篇”103篇20节

“Bless the Lord, you His angels,

Who excel in strength,who do His word,

Heeding the voice of His word."

2,向世界传达天主的信息

《新约》“路加福音”1章11-20节 26节?38节

3、保护世人

《旧约》”诗篇”91篇11?12节

“For He shall give His angels charge over you ,

To keep you in all your ways,

They shall bear you up in their hands,

Lest you dash your foot against a stone."

词组和成语谚语

1、be on the side of the angels 站在教会一边

2、fallen angel魔鬼

3、guardian angel护守天使

4、join the angels（美）升天，死

5、ministering angel仁爱天使（指护士）

6、Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.天使都不敢去的地方，傻瓜敢横冲直撞。

blessing

n,祝福

词组和成语谚语

1、a blessing in disguise 变相的幸福，有益有痛苦经验（相当于汉语的“塞翁失马，焉知非福”）

例：However his misfortune soon prove to be a blessing in disguise但事实很快证明他的不幸实际是变相的幸福。

2、have too much of his mother's blessing 过于拘谨，过于小心

3、out of God's blessing into the warm sun每况愈下

4、Do not beg a blessing of a wooden god.不要向木雕神像祈福

blessing bean
祝福豆

英国的天主教教徒11月2日追思已亡占礼这一天，家家户户除为已故亲友恩人献弥撒外，还要制做灵饼soul cake 及祝福豆分送亲

友。

blossom like a rose

像一朵盛开的玫瑰（喻人世间生活的美好）

源出《旧约》“以赛亚书”35章1-2节

“The wilderness and the wasteland shall be glad for them, and the desert shall rejoice and blossom as the rose.

It shall blossom abundantly and rejoice, even with joy and singing. The glory of Lebanon shall be given to it.,the

excellence of Carmel and Sharon. They shall see the glory of the Lord, the excellency of our God."

by the skin of one's teeth

侥幸，刻不容缓

源出《旧约》“约伯记”19章17-20节

古圣约伯（Job）为人正直，不近邪恶，洁身自好，敬奉天主，是个义人。撒旦说他敬奉天主，是因为天主赏赐他人丁兴旺，家业

富裕，天主允许撒旦试探他。撒旦使其牛羊骆驼被人抢光，房屋被烧，子女死绝；约伯不改初衷，仍然信奉天主。撒旦又说是因为

没有伤及他本人；天主允许撒旦伤及其本人，但不得伤及其性命。撒旦使其一身长满毒疮，气味难闻，人人远避。约伯自述其病情

：

“my breath is offensive to my wife, and I am repulsive to the children of my own boby. Even young children

despise me,I arise and they sneak against me. My bone clings to my skin and to my flesh, and I have escaped by the

skin of my teeth.”

约伯仍然毫不抱怨，敬奉天主，一如既望。因此，Job成为忍耐的典型人物。《约伯记》记载，天主后来恢复了他的家业，使他又

生了七男三女，他本人活到一百四十五岁。

escape by the skin of mu teeth语本意为“侥幸仅以身免”，后世取“by the skin of one's teeth”转喻为侥幸，刻不容缓。

Do to men just as what you want them to do to you

你们愿意人们怎样待你，也要怎样待人

源出《新约》“路加福音”6章31节

"And just as you want men to do to you ,you also do to them likewise. "

conciliation pacifies great offenses
心平气和避免大错

源出《旧约》“传道书”10章4节

If the spirit of the ruler rises against you, do not leave your post,for conciliation pacifies great offenses 。“

cross
n,十字架（转喻人的重负及苦难）

古时，人们用一直立树椿捆绑已处决的罪犯尸体，或将判处死刑的罪犯固定在上面等死。到了罗马时代，又加上横档，将判处死刑

的犯人钉在上面等死。耶稣既被订而死。十字架遂成为天主教和基督教徒的神圣尊高的标志。

《新约》四大福音，对耶稣如何背负沉重的十字架，押送的士兵如何雇一名simon的人代耶稣背负十字架，以及耶稣如何被钉在十

字架上，均有详细记载。

由于耶稣曾背负沉重的十字架上山受死。所以cross一词转喻为人应受的重负和苦难。

词组成语谚语

1.Each cross has its inscription .

每个十字架上都有受难者的铭文。

意为天主让人背十字架必定适合这个人的背，即：人的重负和苦难不会超过人力的极限。

2.Every man must carry his own cross.

人人都得背负自己的十字架。（人人都有自己应承担的重负）

3.Cross are ladders that lead to heaven-but few of us want to climb.

十字架是通向天堂的梯子，但很少人愿意攀登。（意为人多图享受，不愿承担重负苦难）