ubuntu使用gtest单元测试框架

转：http://ningning.today/2014/11/12/%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/ubuntu%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8gtest%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E6%A1%86%E6%9E%B6/

最近接触了gtest，google的开源c++单元测试框架。讲一下在ubuntu上的使用步骤。

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安装 gtest development package:

sudo apt-get install libgtest-dev

注意这一步只是安装源代码到/usr/src/gtest，需要用cmake构建Makefile然后再make生成静态库。

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sudo apt-get install cmake    #安装cmake
cd /usr/src/gtest
sudo cmake CMakeLists.txt
sudo make
sudo cp *.a /usr/lib/    #拷贝生成的库到/usr/lib/

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写一个简单的测试代码testgcd.cpp

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//testgcd.cpp
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
int Gcd(int a, int b)    //计算最大公约数
{
    return 0 == b ? a : Gcd(b, a % b); 
}
TEST(GcdTest, IntTest)
{
    EXPECT_EQ(1, Gcd(2, 5));
    EXPECT_EQ(2, Gcd(2, 5));
    EXPECT_EQ(2, Gcd(2, 4));
    EXPECT_EQ(3, Gcd(6, 9));
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}

接着用g++编译，注意要链接的库(也可以用cmake构建,这只是个简单的示例):

g++ testgcd.cpp -lgtest_main -lgtest -lpthread

执行下

./a.out

看看输出结果：

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[==========] Running 1 test from 1 test case.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 1 test from GcdTest
[ RUN      ] GcdTest.IntTest
testgcd.cpp:11: Failure
Value of: Gcd(2, 5)
  Actual: 1
Expected: 2
[  FAILED  ] GcdTest.IntTest (0 ms)
[----------] 1 test from GcdTest (0 ms total)
[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 1 test from 1 test case ran. (0 ms total)
[  PASSED  ] 0 tests.
[  FAILED  ] 1 test, listed below:
[  FAILED  ] GcdTest.IntTest
1 FAILED TEST

输出结果也比较容易看懂。关于gtest更多文档和使用可以参考官方手册。

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工程下的测试

当测试项目比较多的时候，一般会分离头文件和实现文件，然后可以用cmake构建。

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//!gcd.h
#ifndef GCD_H
#define GCD_H
int Gcd(int a, int b); 
#endif
//!gcd.cpp
#include "gcd.h"
int Gcd(int a, int b)
{
    return 0 == b ? a : Gcd(b, a % b); 
}
//!testgcd.cpp
#include "gcd.h"
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
TEST(GcdTest, IntTest)
{
    EXPECT_EQ(1, Gcd(2, 5));
    EXPECT_EQ(2, Gcd(2, 5));
    EXPECT_EQ(2, Gcd(2, 4));
    EXPECT_EQ(3, Gcd(6, 9));
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
    return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}

接下来写一个CMakeLists.txt:(具体信息参考cmake的文档）

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cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)
    # Locate GTest
    find_package(GTest REQUIRED)include_directories(${GTEST_INCLUDE_DIRS}) 
    # Link testgcd with what we want to test and the GTest and pthread 
    libraryadd_executable(testgcd testgcd.cpp gcd.cpp)
    target_link_libraries(testgcd ${GTEST_LIBRARIES} pthread)

执行:

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cmake CMakeLists.txt
make
./testgcd

可以看到相同的执行结果。

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参考

Google C++ Testing Framework
Getting started with Google Test (GTest) on Ubuntu
A quick introduction to the Google C++ Testing Framework