ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact 错误处理
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闲来无事，配置一下oracle数据库的随系统自动重启，查阅资料得知，主要需要配置/etc/oratab 和 rc.local。 配置oracle随系统自启动主要使用了$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart文件。先把dbstart的内容贴出来，方便查看
#!/bin/sh## $Id: dbstart.sh 22-may-2008.05:05:45 arogers Exp $ # Copyright (c) 1991, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. ##################################### # usage: dbstart $ORACLE_HOME## This script is used to start ORACLE from /etc/rc(.local).# It should ONLY be executed as part of the system boot procedure.## This script will start all databases listed in the oratab file# whose third field is a "Y". If the third field is set to "Y" and# there is no ORACLE_SID for an entry (the first field is a *),# then this script will ignore that entry.## This script requires that ASM ORACLE_SID's start with a +, and # that non-ASM instance ORACLE_SID's do not start with a +.## If ASM instances are to be started with this script, it cannot# be used inside an rc*.d directory, and should be invoked from# rc.local only. Otherwise, the CSS service may not be available# yet, and this script will block init from completing the boot# cycle.## If you want dbstart to auto-start a single-instance database that uses# an ASM server that is auto-started by CRS (this is the default behavior# for an ASM cluster), you must change the database's ORATAB entry to use# a third field of "W" and the ASM's ORATAB entry to use a third field of "N".# These values specify that dbstart auto-starts the database only after# the ASM instance is up and running.## Note:# Use ORACLE_TRACE=T for tracing this script.## The progress log for each instance bringup plus Error and Warning message[s]# are logged in file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log. The error messages related to # instance bringup are also logged to syslog (system log module).# The Listener log is located at $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log# # On all UNIX platforms except SOLARIS# ORATAB=/etc/oratab## To configure, update ORATAB with Instances that need to be started up# Entries are of the form:# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y|W>:# An example entry:# main:/usr/lib/oracle/emagent_10g:Y## Overall algorithm:# 1) Bring up all ASM instances with 'Y' entry in status field in oratab entry# 2) Bring up all Database instances with 'Y' entry in status field in# oratab entry# 3) If there are Database instances with 'W' entry in status field# then# iterate over all ASM instances (irrespective of 'Y' or 'N') AND# wait for all of them to be started# fi# 4) Bring up all Database instances with 'W' entry in status field in# oratab entry######################################LOGMSG="logger -puser.alert -s "trap 'exit' 1 2 3# for script tracingcase $ORACLE_TRACE in T) set -x ;;esac # Set path if path not set (if called from /etc/rc)SAVE_PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/etc:${PATH} ; export PATHSAVE_LLP=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH# First argument is used to bring up Oracle Net ListenerORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener" echo "Usage: $0 ORACLE_HOME"else LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log # Set the ORACLE_HOME for the Oracle Net Listener, it gets reset to # a different ORACLE_HOME for each entry in the oratab. export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER # Start Oracle Net Listener if [ -x $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr ] ; then echo "$0: Starting Oracle Net Listener" >> $LOG 2>&1 $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl start >> $LOG 2>&1 & VER10LIST=`$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/lsnrctl version | grep "LSNRCTL for " | cut -d' ' -f5 | cut -d'.' -f1` export VER10LIST else echo "Failed to auto-start Oracle Net Listener using $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/bin/tnslsnr" fifi# Set this in accordance with the platformORATAB=/etc/oratabif [ ! $ORATAB ] ; then echo "$ORATAB not found" exit 1;fi# Checks Version Mismatch between Listener and Database Instance.# A version 10 listener is required for an Oracle Database 10g database.# Previous versions of the listener are not supported for use with an Oracle# Database 10g database. However, it is possible to use a version 10 listener# with previous versions of the Oracle database.checkversionmismatch() { if [ $VER10LIST ] ; then VER10INST=`sqlplus -V | grep "Release " | cut -d' ' -f3 | cut -d'.' -f1` if [ $VER10LIST -lt $VER10INST ] ; then $LOGMSG "Listener version $VER10LIST NOT supported with Database version $VER10INST" $LOGMSG "Restart Oracle Net Listener using an alternate ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER:" $LOGMSG "lsnrctl start" fi fi}# Starts a Database Instancestartinst() { # Called programs use same database ID export ORACLE_SID # Put $ORACLE_HOME/bin into PATH and export. PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:${SAVE_PATH} ; export PATH # add for bug # 652997 LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${SAVE_LLP} ; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH PFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/init${ORACLE_SID}.ora SPFILE=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/spfile${ORACLE_SID}.ora SPFILE1=${ORACLE_HOME}/dbs/spfile.ora echo "" echo "$0: Starting up database \"$ORACLE_SID\"" date echo "" checkversionmismatch # See if it is a V6 or V7 database VERSION=undef if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba ] ; then SQLDBA=sqldba VERSION=`$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqldba command=exit | awk ' /SQL\*DBA: (Release|Version)/ {split($3, V, ".") ; print V[1]}'` case $VERSION in "6") ;; *) VERSION="internal" ;; esac else if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/svrmgrl ] ; then SQLDBA=svrmgrl VERSION="internal" else SQLDBA="sqlplus /nolog" fi fi STATUS=1 if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/sgadef${ORACLE_SID}.dbf ] ; then STATUS="-1" fi if [ -f $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/sgadef${ORACLE_SID}.ora ] ; then STATUS="-1" fi pmon=`ps -ef | grep -w "ora_pmon_$ORACLE_SID" | grep -v grep` if [ "$pmon" != "" ] ; then STATUS="-1" $LOGMSG "Warning: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" already started." fi if [ $STATUS -eq -1 ] ; then $LOGMSG "Warning: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" possibly left running when system went down (system crash?)." $LOGMSG "Action: Notify Database Administrator." case $VERSION in "6") sqldba "command=shutdown abort" ;; "internal") $SQLDBA $args <<EOFconnect internalshutdown abortEOF ;; *) $SQLDBA $args <<EOFconnect / as sysdbashutdown abortquitEOF ;; esac if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then STATUS=1 else $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started." fi fi if [ $STATUS -eq 1 ] ; then if [ -e $SPFILE -o -e $SPFILE1 -o -e $PFILE ] ; then case $VERSION in "6") sqldba command=startup ;; "internal") $SQLDBA <<EOF connect internalstartupEOF ;; *) $SQLDBA <<EOF connect / as sysdbastartupquitEOF ;; esac if [ $? -eq 0 ] ; then echo "" echo "$0: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" warm started." else $LOGMSG "" $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started." fi else $LOGMSG "" $LOGMSG "No init file found for ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\"." $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started." fi fi}# Starts an ASM Instancestartasminst() { # Called programs use same database ID export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -` # Called scripts use same home directory export ORACLE_HOME # For ASM instances, we have a dependency on the CSS service. # Wait here for it to become available before instance startup. # Is the 10g install intact? Are all necessary binaries present? if [ ! -x $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl ]; then $LOGMSG "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl not found when attempting to start" $LOGMSG " ASM instance $ORACLE_SID." else COUNT=0 $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl check css RC=$? while [ "$RC" != "0" ]; do COUNT=`expr $COUNT + 1` if [ $COUNT = 15 ] ; then # 15 tries with 20 sec interval => 5 minutes timeout $LOGMSG "Timed out waiting to start ASM instance $ORACLE_SID" $LOGMSG " CSS service is NOT available." exit $COUNT fi $LOGMSG "Waiting for Oracle CSS service to be available before starting " $LOGMSG " ASM instance $ORACLE_SID. Wait $COUNT." sleep 20 $ORACLE_HOME/bin/crsctl check css RC=$? done fi startinst}# Start of dbstartup script## Loop for every entry in oratab file and and try to start# that ORACLE.## ASM instances need to be started before 'Database instances'# ASM instance is identified with '+' prefix in ORACLE_SID# Following loop brings up ASM instance[s]cat $ORATAB | while read LINEdocase $LINE in \#*) ;; #comment-line in oratab *) ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -` if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry ORACLE_SID="" continue fi # Proceed only if last field is 'Y'. if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then # If ASM instances if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then INST="ASM instance" ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -` # Called scripts use same home directory export ORACLE_HOME # file for logging script's output LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log touch $LOG chmod a+r $LOG echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log" startasminst >> $LOG 2>&1 fi fi ;;esacdone# exit if there was any trouble bringing up ASM instance[s]if [ "$?" != "0" ] ; then exit 2fi## Following loop brings up 'Database instances'#cat $ORATAB | while read LINEdocase $LINE in \#*) ;; #comment-line in oratab *) ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -` if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry ORACLE_SID="" continue fi # Proceed only if last field is 'Y'. if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "Y" ] ; then # If non-ASM instances if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` != '+' ]; then INST="Database instance" ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -` # Called scripts use same home directory export ORACLE_HOME # file for logging script's output LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log touch $LOG chmod a+r $LOG echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log" startinst >> $LOG 2>&1 fi fi ;;esacdone## Following loop brings up 'Database instances' that have wait state 'W'#cat $ORATAB | while read LINEdocase $LINE in \#*) ;; #comment-line in oratab *) ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -` if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry ORACLE_SID="" continue fi # Proceed only if last field is 'W'. if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "W" ] ; then W_ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -` # DB instances with 'W' (wait state) have a dependency on ASM instances via CRS. # Wait here for 'all' ASM instances to become available. cat $ORATAB | while read LINE do case $LINE in \#*) ;; #comment-line in oratab *) ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -` if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry ORACLE_SID="" continue fi if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then INST="ASM instance" ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -` if [ -x $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl ] ; then COUNT=0 NODE=`olsnodes -l` RNODE=`srvctl status asm -n $NODE | grep "$ORACLE_SID is running"` RC=$? while [ "$RC" != "0" ]; # wait until this comes up! do COUNT=$((COUNT+1)) if [ $COUNT = 5 ] ; then # 5 tries with 60 sec interval => 5 minutes timeout $LOGMSG "Error: Timed out waiting on CRS to start ASM instance $ORACLE_SID" exit $COUNT fi $LOGMSG "Waiting for Oracle CRS service to start ASM instance $ORACLE_SID" $LOGMSG "Wait $COUNT." sleep 60 RNODE=`srvctl status asm -n $NODE | grep "$ORACLE_SID is running"` RC=$? done else $LOGMSG "Error: \"${W_ORACLE_SID}\" has dependency on ASM instance \"${ORACLE_SID}\"" $LOGMSG "Error: Need $ORACLE_HOME/bin/srvctl to check this dependency" fi fi # asm instance ;; esac done # innner while fi ;;esacdone # outer while# by now all the ASM instances have come up and we can proceed to bring up# DB instance with 'W' wait statuscat $ORATAB | while read LINEdocase $LINE in \#*) ;; #comment-line in oratab *) ORACLE_SID=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $1}' -` if [ "$ORACLE_SID" = '*' ] ; then # same as NULL SID - ignore this entry ORACLE_SID="" continue fi # Proceed only if last field is 'W'. if [ "`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $NF}' -`" = "W" ] ; then INST="Database instance" if [ `echo $ORACLE_SID | cut -b 1` = '+' ]; then $LOGMSG "Error: ${INST} \"${ORACLE_SID}\" NOT started" $LOGMSG "Error: incorrect usage: 'W' not allowed for ASM instances" continue fi ORACLE_HOME=`echo $LINE | awk -F: '{print $2}' -` # Called scripts use same home directory export ORACLE_HOME # file for logging script's output LOG=$ORACLE_HOME/startup.log touch $LOG chmod a+r $LOG echo "Processing $INST \"$ORACLE_SID\": log file $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log" startinst >> $LOG 2>&1 fi ;;esacdone从上面可以看出，oracle是通过rc.local来自启动的，启动的过程中会检测/etc/oratab来决定启动哪个实例。废话少说，动起来先，配置 rc.local文件如下
[root@yue rc.d]# cat rc.local #!/bin/bash su - oraele -c "/home/app/oraele/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"配置/etc/oratab文件如下
[root@yue rc.d]# cat /etc/oratab # # This file is used by ORACLE utilities. It is created by root.sh # and updated by the Database Configuration Assistant when creating # a database. # A colon, ':', is used as the field terminator. A new line terminates # the entry. Lines beginning with a pound sign, '#', are comments.## Entries are of the form:# $ORACLE_SID:$ORACLE_HOME:<N|Y>:## The first and second fields are the system identifier and home# directory of the database respectively. The third filed indicates# to the dbstart utility that the database should , "Y", or should not,# "N", be brought up at system boot time.## Multiple entries with the same $ORACLE_SID are not allowed.##oraten:/home/app/oraten/product/10.2.0/db_1:Yoraele:/home/app/oraele/product/11.2.0/db_1:Yoraten和oraele分别属于用户oraten 和oraele,用户属性如下：
[root@yue rc.d]# id oratenuid=1001(oraten) gid=1002(oinstall) 组=1002(oinstall),1001(dba)[root@yue rc.d]# id oraeleuid=1522(oraele) gid=1002(oinstall) 组=1002(oinstall),1001(dba)
手工测试dbstart脚本能否正常执行，
[oraele@yue ~]$ dbstart $ORACLE_HOME问题出现了，只有oraele实例启动，初步估计是用户权限的问题，在oraele用户下，设置oraten用户的环境变量，然后启动sqlplus，报如下错误：
oraele@yue db_1]$ ./bin/sqlplus /nologSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on 星期四 12月 4 14:13:30 2014Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.SQL> conn / as sysdbaERROR:ORA-12547: TNS:lost contact
1:缺少必要安装包，glibc glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel
2:$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle文件的权限不对
3:系统内核配置不正确，如文件数量限制等
4:环境变量设置不正确
5：检查$ORACLE_HOME/bin/oracle 和 $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib/config.o 的文件大小是否为0，若为0需要重新编译
经查看oacle文件的权限不对，当前设置为：
[oraele@yue bin]$ ll oracle-rwxrwxr-x 1 oraten oinstall 125155528 8月 19 21:07 oracle修改如下：
[root@yue bin]# chmod 6751 oracle[root@yue bin]# ll oracle-rwsr-s--x 1 oraten oinstall 125155528 8月 19 21:07 oracle文件权限的详细说明如下：
u：User，即文件或目录的拥有者。g：Group，即文件或目录的所属群组。o：Other，除了文件或目录拥有者或所属群组之外，其他用户皆属于这个范围。a：All，即全部的用户，包含拥有者，所属群组以及其他用户。有关权限代号的部分，列表于下：r：读取权限，数字代号为"4"。w：写入权限，数字代号为"2"。x：执行或切换权限，数字代号为"1"。-：不具任何权限，数字代号为"0"。s：当文件被执行时，根据who参数指定的用户类型设置文件的setuid或者setgid权限。看来oracle文件的默认权限是具有s的，而我们手工对其进行了修改，看来在安装完数据库后，即使我们执行chmod -R 777 $ORACLE_HOME的操作也可能是有问题的，
修改权限后，重启系统，一切正常
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