Gentoo linux 实用安装教程（UEFI+OpenRC+Xfce4+Lvm）－－－－开源圣使原创

——「1」livecd连网＃通常可自动连接，特殊网络环境不在本文讲解范围之内

——「2」硬盘分区＃此处仅为示例，具体分区方案依实际情况规划

lsblk＃查看磁盘概略信息，也可选择用fdisk -l查看

NAME         MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT

sda            8:0    0 119.2G  0 disk 
├─sda1         8:1    0   599M  0 part /boot/efi
└─sda2         8:2    0 118.7G  0 part /
sdb            8:16   0 931.5G  0 disk 
└─sdb1         8:17   0 931.5G  0 part 
  └─vgx-home 253:0    0   2.7T  0 lvm  /home
sdc            8:32   0 931.5G  0 disk 
└─sdc1         8:33   0 931.5G  0 part 
  └─vgx-home 253:0    0   2.7T  0 lvm  /home
sdd            8:48   0 931.5G  0 disk 
└─sdd1         8:49   0 931.5G  0 part 
  └─vgx-home 253:0    0   2.7T  0 lvm  /home

parted -a optimal /dev/sda＃-a optimal确保4k对齐

     mkpart ESP 0% 600M                                                       

     mkpart rootfs 600M 100%                                                   

     set 1 boot on＃标记ESP分区          

     p

     align-check optimal ?＃检测4k对齐，?指分区序号1/2/3...

mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sda1＃ESP分区必须为fat32格式

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2

parted -a optimal /dev/sdb

     mkpart lvm 0% 100%

     p

     align-check optimal 1

lvm2磁盘操作:

     pvcreate /dev/sdb1＃新建物理卷

     vgcreate vg /dev/sdb1＃新建卷组并命名为vg

     lvcreate --size 2g --name swap vg＃新建逻辑卷并命名为swap

     lvcreate --extends 100%FREE --name home vg＃使用全部剩余空间，新建逻辑卷并命名为home

     vgchange --activate y＃激活卷组

     ls /dev/vg＃查看已创建的lvm分区

mkswap /dev/vg/swap

swapon /dev/vg/swap＃激活swap分区

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg/home

——「３」基本环境搭建：下载stage3并chroot

mount /dev/sda2 /mnt/gentoo

cd /mnt/gentoo/

links

http://www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirror.xml＃选择网易镜像,到releases/amd64/autobuilds目录下载stage3,D下载Q结束

tar jxvfp stage3....tar.bz2

blkid | grep /dev/sda2 >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/fstab ＃存储rootfs的PARTUUID，以备第6步操作中写入内核

mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/boot/efi

mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot/efi

mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/boot/efi/gentoo/boot＃EFI分区存放内核的目录

mount /dev/vg/home /mnt/gentoo/home

mount -t proc proc /mnt/gentoo/proc＃chroot准备

mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys

mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev

mirrorselect -i -o >> ./etc/portage/make.conf＃设置portagetree更新源

mirrorselect -i -r -o >> ./etc/portage/make.conf＃设置snapshots更新源

cp -L /etc/resolv.conf ./etc ＃nameserver data＃复制域名服务器信息

chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash

source /etc/profile

export PS1="[chroot]$PS1"＃可选操作，仅为提示功能

emerge-webrsync＃更新快照

emerge --sync --quiet＃更新portagetree

eselect profile list＃选择mirror具体目录

eselect profile set ?＃可选择纯64位安装

——「４」编译参数设置

nano -w /etc/portage/make.conf

     CFLAGS="-march=native -o2 -pipe"

     MAKEOPTS="-j9"＃CPU线程数+1

     USE="默认项 ssse3 sse4 avx avx2”＃查看/proc/cpuinfo核对

     USE=“-gnome -kde -minimal -qt4 dbus jpeg lock session startup-notification thunar X" ＃xfce4桌面环境需要

     USE=”gtk xvmc”＃nvidia专有驱动需要

     ACCEPT_LICENSE="-* @FREE"＃仅使用自由软件

     ACCEPT_KEYWORDS="amd64"＃仅使用稳定版，添加 ~ 指兼纳不稳定版本

     PORTAGE_ELOG_CLASSES="info warn error log qa"

     PORTAGE_ELOG_SYSTEM="save"

     VIDEO_CARDS="nvidia"＃intel显卡为”intel”

     INPUT_DEVICES="evdev"

     LINGUAS="zh_CN zh_TW"＃中文设置

——「5」本地化设置

echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone

emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data

nano /etc/locale.gen

     zh_CN.UTF8 UTF8

     us_US.UTF8 UTF8

locale-gen

locale -a

eselect locale list

eselect locale set ?

env-update && source /etc/profile

——「６」选择内核项＆编译

lspci＃查看硬件型号，需先安装pciutils

lsmod＃查看livecd目前有效的硬件驱动模块，供参考

emerge gentoo-sources＃下载内核源码

ls -l /usr/src/linux＃确认linux内核

cd /usr/src/linux

make menuconfig＃内核功能选择

＃＃添加特殊驱动、GPT&EFI支持

＃＃精简文件系统、无关驱动、非intel相关项等

＃＃root目录写进内核

       Processor type and features --->

       [*]Built-in kernel command line

     root=/dev/sda2或root=PARTUUID=...＃用blkid命令查看PARTUUID（特别注意：非UUID）

＃＃x11-base/xorg-server需要的选项：

Device Drivers --->

  Graphics support --->

    Support for frame buffer devices --->

＃＃ (Disable all drivers, including VGA, Intel, nVidia, and ATI)

＃＃ (Further down, enable basic console support. KMS uses this.)

    Console display driver support --->

      <*>  Framebuffer Console Support

＃＃intel显卡(x11-base/xorg-server)：

Device Drivers --->

  Graphics support --->

    /dev/agpgart (AGP Support) --->

    <*>  Intel 440LX/BX/GX, I8xx and E7x05 chipset support

    Direct Rendering Manager (XFree86 4.1.0 and higher DRI support) --->

    <*>  Intel 8xx/9xx/G3x/G4x/HD Graphics

＃＃nvidia专有驱动(x11-base/xorg-server)：

[*] Enable loadable module support --->

Processor type and features --->

    [*] MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support

Device Drivers --->

    Graphics support --->

        Frame buffer Devices --->

            <*> Support for frame buffer devices --->

            < >   nVidia Framebuffer Support ＃disable

            < >   nVidia Riva support ＃disable

make && make modules_install

cp /usr/src/linux/arch/x86_64/boot/bzimage /boot/efi/gentoo/boot/bootx64.efi

——「７」网络设置＆fstab

设置有线网络:

     nano /etc/conf.d/hostname＃hostname="kyss"   

     nano /etc/conf.d/net＃config_neo1="dhcp"

     cd /etc/init.d    

     ln -s net.lo net.eno1       ＃eno1为示例，用ifconfig查看网卡具体名称

     rc-update add net.eno1 default    

     emerge dhcpcd ＃安装dhcp客户端     

nano -w /etc/fstab

     /dev/sda1/boot/efi     vfat       defaults,discard                               0 2

     /dev/sda2/             ext4       defaults,noatime,errors=remount-ro,discard     0 1

     /dev/vg/swapnone          swap       noatime,discard                                0 0

     /dev/vg/home/home         ext4 defaults,noatime,errors=remount-ro             0 2

passwd root＃为root设置密码

——「８」设置系统启动菜单

emerge efibootmgr

exit

cd

umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/shm,/pts,}

umount /mnt/gentoo{/boot,/proc,/sys,}

reboot

modprobe efivars＃必须切换至UEFI环境，选择/dev/sda2为root目录

efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -L Gentoo -l "\gentoo\boot\bootx64.efi"

emerge lvm2＃目标主机安装lvm2

rc-update add lvm boot＃添加至boot运行级，确保逻辑卷开机挂载

——「９」安装xorg＆xfce4

rm stage3....tar.bz2

useradd -m -G users,wheel,audio,video,usb /bin/bash fh

passwd fh

＃＃xorg＆xfce安装详情见gentoo-wiki：

＃＃https：//wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Xorg/Configuration＃Installing_Xorg

＃＃http：//wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Xfce/HOWTO

emerge -pv xorg-drivers＃查看相关信息

echo "x11-base/xorg-server udev" >> /etc/portage/package.use

emerge --ask xorg-server ＃根据提示添加额外USE

env-update && source /etc/profile

＃＃若为nvidia显卡，需要的额外操作：

＃＃nvidia-xconfig

＃＃eselect opengl set nvidia

＃＃eselect opencl set nvidia

emerge --ask xfce4-meta＃根据提示添加额外USE

env-update && source /etc/profile

emerge --ask x11-terms/xfce4-terminal

echo XSESSION="Xfce4" > /etc/env.d/90xsession

chown -R fh:fh /home/fh＃change ownership of all in fh directory back

startx

emerge --ask：

xfce4-battery-plugin

xfce4-sensors-plugin

xfce4-power-manager

xfce4-mixer＃调节音量

xfce4-taskmanager

mplayer

firefox

app-admin/syslog-ng

sys-process/cronie

sys-apps/mlocate

rc-update add syslog-ng default

rc-update add cronie default

rc-update add sshd default