linux下的 fdisk

1,you can use "fdisk -l" to see how much block there have.

Disk /dev/sde: 1973 MB, 1973420032 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 239 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000


   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sde1               1         132     1060258+   c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)
/dev/sde2             133         239      859477+  83  Linux


2,now you can use "fdisk /dev/sde"to fdisk the device.


3,next you can press "p" to see ,how block is there,and use "d" to delete the block.and use "n"to create block. and use "t" to chance the filesystem type.


4,use "partprobe" to make the partion into effect.


5,and now you can  mkfs....... the filesystem.

以下转载：http://wenku.baidu.com/view/d4557355ad02de80d4d84020.html
理论知识：一块磁盘最多有4个分区，包括（主分区+扩展分区），扩展分区不能直接使用，需进行分区为逻辑分区，其数字从5开始。

 

首先在未开机前添加一块磁盘，然后开机。

[root@wangbin ~]# fdisk –l                // 查看磁盘分区情况

 

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

 

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System

/dev/sda1  *           1          25      200781  83  Linux    //系统引导分区

/dev/sda2              26        286     2096482+  82 Linux swap / Solaris  //交换分区

/dev/sda3             287        5221   39640387+  83  Linux

 

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

 

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        1217    9775521   83  Linux

/dev/sdb2            1218        2434    9775552+  83  Linux

 

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

 

Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a validpartition table       //   /dev/sdc磁盘没有有效的分区表，说明没有进行分区。

 

[root@wangbin ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc                  //对 /dev/sdc进行分区

Device contains neither a valid DOSpartition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes willremain in memory only,

until you decide to write them. After that,of course, the previous

content won't be recoverable.

 

 

The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problemswith:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs

  (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partitiontable 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

 

Command (m for help): m                     //输入m得到帮助信息

Command action

  a   toggle a bootable flag

  b   edit bsd disklabel

  c   toggle the dos compatibilityflag

  d   delete a partition                         // 删除分区

  l   list known partition types

  m   print this menu

  n   add a new partition                      //增加分区

  o   create a new empty DOSpartition table

  p   print the partition table                    //打印分区

  q   quit without saving changes                //不保存退出

  s   create a new empty Sundisklabel

  t   change a partition's system id

  u   change display/entry units

  v   verify the partition table

  w   write table to disk and exit                  //保存退出

  x   extra functionality (expertsonly)

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

  e   extended

  p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-2610, default 2610): +500M

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

 

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1          62      497983+ 83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

  e   extended

  p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (63-2610, default 63):

Using default value 63

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(63-2610, default 2610): +500M

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

  e   extended

  p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 3

First cylinder (125-2610, default 125):

Using default value 125

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(125-2610, default 2610): +500M

 

Command (m for help): n

Command action

  e   extended

  p   primary partition (1-4)

e

Selected partition 4

First cylinder (187-2610, default 187):

Using default value 187

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(187-2610, default 2610):

Using default value 2610

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

 

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1          62      497983+ 83  Linux

/dev/sdc2              63         124      498015  83  Linux

/dev/sdc3             125         186      498015  83  Linux

/dev/sdc4             187        2610   19470780    5  Extended //扩展分区

 

Command (m for help): n

First cylinder (187-2610, default 187):

Using default value 187

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(187-2610, default 2610): +500M

 

Command (m for help): n

First cylinder (249-2610, default 249):

Using default value 249

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(249-2610, default 2610): +500M

 

Command (m for help): n

First cylinder (311-2610, default 311):

Using default value 311

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(311-2610, default 2610): +500M

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

 

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1          62      497983+ 83  Linux

/dev/sdc2              63         124      498015  83  Linux

/dev/sdc3             125         186      498015  83  Linux

/dev/sdc4             187        2610   19470780    5  Extended

/dev/sdc5             187         248      497983+ 83  Linux

/dev/sdc6             249         310      497983+ 83  Linux

/dev/sdc7             311         372      497983+ 83  Linux

 

Command (m for help): d

Partition number (1-7): 7

 

Command (m for help): p

 

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

 

  Device Boot      Start         End     Blocks   Id System

/dev/sdc1               1          62      497983+ 83  Linux

/dev/sdc2              63         124      498015  83  Linux

/dev/sdc3             125         186      498015  83  Linux

/dev/sdc4             187        2610   19470780    5  Extended

/dev/sdc5             187         248      497983+ 83  Linux

/dev/sdc6             249         310      497983+ 83  Linux

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

 

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@wangbin ~]# partprobe                           //使分区生效

Warning: Unable to open /dev/hdc read-write(Read-only file system).  /dev/hdc hasbeen opened read-only.

[root@wangbin ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc                      //查看/dev/sdc的分区

 

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

 

  Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks  Id  System

/dev/sdc1               1          62      497983+ 83  Linux

/dev/sdc2              63         124      498015  83  Linux

/dev/sdc3             125         186      498015  83  Linux

/dev/sdc4             187        2610   19470780    5  Extended

/dev/sdc5             187         248      497983+ 83  Linux

/dev/sdc6             249         310      497983+ 83  Linux

 

[root@wangbin ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc1                   对/dev/sdc1进行格式化

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=1024 (log=0)

Fragment size=1024 (log=0)

124928 inodes, 497980 blocks

24899 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the superuser

First data block=1

Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152

61 block groups

8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments pergroup

2048 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

       8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729,204801, 221185, 401409

 

Writing inode tables: done                           

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystemaccounting information: done

 

This filesystem will be automatically checkedevery 38 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

[root@wangbin ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc2               //对/dev/sdc2进行格式化

[root@wangbin ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc3               //对/dev/sdc3进行格式化

[root@wangbin ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc5               //对/dev/sdc5进行格式化

[root@wangbin ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdc6               //对/dev/sdc6进行格式化

 

[root@wangbin ~]# mkdir -p /sdc/sdc1              //创建/sdc/sdc1目录

[root@wangbin ~]# mkdir -p /sdc/sdc2

[root@wangbin ~]# mkdir -p /sdc/sdc3

[root@wangbin ~]# mkdir -p /sdc/sdc5

[root@wangbin ~]# mkdir -p /sdc/sdc6

 

[root@wangbin ~]# mount /dev/sdc1 /sdc/sdc1       //将/sdc/sdc1挂载到/dev/sdc1

[root@wangbin ~]# mount /dev/sdc2 /sdc/sdc2

[root@wangbin ~]# mount /dev/sdc3 /sdc/sdc3

[root@wangbin ~]# mount /dev/sdc5 /sdc/sdc5

[root@wangbin ~]# mount /dev/sdc6 /sdc/sdc6

 

[root@wangbin ~]# vi /etc/fstab                   //修改配置文件，使磁盘自动挂载

 

/dev/sdc1               /sdc/sdc1               ext3    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdc2               /sdc/sdc2               ext3    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdc3               /sdc/sdc3               ext3    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdc5               /sdc/sdc5               ext3    defaults        0 0

/dev/sdc6               /sdc/sdc6               ext3    defaults        0 0

 

[root@wangbin ~]# reboot

 

Broadcast message from root (pts/1) (TueFeb  3 22:56:12 2009):

 

The system is going down for reboot NOW!

 

[root@wangbin ~]# df –hT                             //查看磁盘的挂载情况

Filesystem    Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda3     ext3    37G  4.7G   31G 14% /

/dev/sda1     ext3   190M   12M  170M  7% /boot

tmpfs       tmpfs    506M     0 506M   0% /dev/shm

/dev/sdc1     ext3   471M   11M  437M  3% /sdc/sdc1

/dev/sdc2     ext3   471M   11M  437M  3% /sdc/sdc2

/dev/sdc3     ext3   471M   11M  437M  3% /sdc/sdc3

/dev/sdc5     ext3   471M   11M  437M  3% /sdc/sdc5

/dev/sdc6     ext3   471M   11M  437M  3% /sdc/sdc6


添加便签：mkfs.msdos -F 32 /dev/sdc1 -n LABEL1  或：mkfs.ext3 -L LABEL2 /dev/sdc2