Maven与Hibernate结合

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使用了maven之后我们可以将项目的构件与发布变得非常的简单。Maven与Hibernate也是可以结合在一起的。首先我们创建一个Maven的项目。在依赖中我们要加入Hibernate的依赖，pom文件可以这样写：

<?xml version="1.0"?><project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <groupId>org.hibernate.tutorials</groupId>  <artifactId>hibernate-tutorial</artifactId>  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>  <name>First Hibernate Tutorial</name>  <dependencies>    <dependency>      <groupId>antlr</groupId>      <artifactId>antlr</artifactId>      <version>2.7.7</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>dom4j</groupId>      <artifactId>dom4j</artifactId>      <version>1.6.1</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.hibernate.common</groupId>      <artifactId>hibernate-commons-annotations</artifactId>      <version>4.0.4.Final</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>      <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>      <version>4.3.4.Final</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.hibernate.javax.persistence</groupId>      <artifactId>hibernate-jpa-2.0-api</artifactId>      <version>1.0.1.Final</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.jboss</groupId>      <artifactId>jandex</artifactId>      <version>1.2.2.Final</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>      <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>      <version>3.18.2-GA</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>      <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>      <version>4.3.4.Final</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>javax.validation</groupId>      <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId>      <version>1.0.0.GA</version>      <scope>provided</scope>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>      <version>1.6.4</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.jboss.logging</groupId>      <artifactId>jboss-logging</artifactId>      <version>3.1.0.CR2</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.jboss.spec.javax.transaction</groupId>      <artifactId>jboss-transaction-api_1.1_spec</artifactId>      <version>1.0.1.Final</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.jboss.logging</groupId>      <artifactId>jboss-logging-annotations</artifactId>      <version>1.2.0.Beta1</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>      <version>1.6.4</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>junit</groupId>      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>      <version>4.12</version>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>log4j</groupId>      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>      <version>1.2.12</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>mysql</groupId>      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>      <version>5.1.34</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.apache.openejb</groupId>      <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>      <version>6.0-6</version>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>org.apache.openejb</groupId>      <artifactId>javaee-api</artifactId>      <version>5.0-1</version>      <scope>provided</scope>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>      <version>1.2</version>      <scope>provided</scope>    </dependency>    <dependency>      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>      <version>2.1</version>      <scope>provided</scope>    </dependency>  </dependencies></project>

同时要手工创建一些必须的包，建好之后的项目文件结构如下：

然后按照正常的Hibernate的编写顺序写配置文件，Entity类以及Mapping文件：

hibernate.cfg.xml：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-configuration>    <session-factory>         <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate</property>        <property name="connection.username">root</property>        <property name="connection.password">root</property>        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>        <!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->        <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property>        <!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->        <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property>        <!-- Disable the second-level cache  -->        <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>        <!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->        <property name="show_sql">true</property>        <property name="format_sql">true</property>        <!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>        <mapping resource="Event.hbm.xml"/>        <mapping resource="Person.hbm.xml"/>    </session-factory></hibernate-configuration>

Event.java：

package com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.domains;import java.util.Date;import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.Set;public class Event {    private int id;    private String title;    private Date date;        private Set participants = new HashSet();        public Event() {}    public int getId() {        return id;    }    private void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public Date getDate() {        return date;    }    public void setDate(Date date) {        this.date = date;    }    public String getTitle() {        return title;    }    public void setTitle(String title) {        this.title = title;    }        public Set getParticipants() {        return participants;    }    public void setParticipants(Set participants) {        this.participants = participants;    }   }

Event.hbm.xml：

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-mapping package="com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.domains">    <class name="Event" table="EVENTS">        <id name="id" column="EVENT_ID">            <generator class="native"/>        </id>        <property name="date" type="timestamp" column="EVENT_DATE"/>        <property name="title"/>        <!-- inverse=“true” -->        <set name="participants" table="PERSON_EVENT" inverse="true">            <key column="EVENT_ID"/>            <many-to-many column="PERSON_ID" class="Person"/>        </set>    </class></hibernate-mapping>

Person.java：

package com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.domains;import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.Set;public class Person {private int id;private int age;private String firstname;private String lastname;private Set events = new HashSet();private Set emailAddresses = new HashSet();public Person() {}public int getId() {return id;}public void setId(int id) {this.id = id;}public int getAge() {return age;}public void setAge(int age) {this.age = age;}public String getFirstname() {return firstname;}public void setFirstname(String firstname) {this.firstname = firstname;}public String getLastname() {return lastname;}public void setLastname(String lastname) {this.lastname = lastname;}public Set getEvents() {return events;}public void setEvents(Set events) {this.events = events;}public void addToEvent(Event event) {this.getEvents().add(event);event.getParticipants().add(this);}public void removeFromEvent(Event event) {this.getEvents().remove(event);event.getParticipants().remove(this);}public Set getEmailAddresses() {return emailAddresses;}public void setEmailAddresses(Set emailAddresses) {this.emailAddresses = emailAddresses;}}

Person.hbm.xml：

<?xml version="1.0"?><!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">        <hibernate-mapping package="com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.domains">    <class name="Person" table="PERSON">        <id name="id" column="PERSON_ID">            <generator class="native"/>        </id>        <property name="age"/>        <property name="firstname"/>        <property name="lastname"/>        <set name="events" table="PERSON_EVENT">        <key column="PERSON_ID"/>       <many-to-many column="EVENT_ID" class="Event"/>    </set>    <set name="emailAddresses" table="PERSON_EMAIL_ADDR">            <key column="PERSON_ID"/>            <element type="string" column="EMAIL_ADDR"/>        </set>    </class></hibernate-mapping>

这里需要注意的是用到的是many-to-many的设置，其中还用到了一个element的设置。具体的数据库表结构为：

各个文件位置如下：

配置文件全都放到resources目录的下面，注意引用时的路径。

可以先建立测试类进行测试，注意测试类名字的命名规则，在之前的文章中已有介绍：

EventManagerTest.java：

package com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.test;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.junit.Test;import com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.domains.Event;import com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.domains.Person;import com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.util.HibernateUtil;public class EventManagerTest {    public static void main(String[] args) {        EventManagerTest mgr = new EventManagerTest();//        mgr.createAndStoreEvent("My Event", new Date());        HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().close();    }        /*    @Test    public void createAndStoreEvent() {    System.out.println("start test");        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();        session.beginTransaction();        Event theEvent = new Event();        theEvent.setTitle("teacher");        theEvent.setDate(new Date());        session.save(theEvent);        session.getTransaction().commit();    }        @Test    public void listEvents() {        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();        session.beginTransaction();        List result = session.createQuery("from Event").list();        session.getTransaction().commit();        for (int i = 0; i < result.size(); i++) {            Event theEvent = (Event) result.get(i);            System.out.println(                    "Event: " + theEvent.getTitle() + " Time: " + theEvent.getDate()            );        }    }    */    @Test    public void addPersonToEvent() {    //第一種方式 直接操作list 這樣直接在persistent状态进行操作时，Hibernate会直接进行校验automatic dirty checking 直接持久化到数据库中//        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();//        session.beginTransaction();////        Person aPerson = (Person) session.load(Person.class, 1);//        Event anEvent = (Event) session.load(Event.class, 1);//        aPerson.getEvents().add(anEvent);//        System.out.println(aPerson.getFirstname());//        Set stuSet = aPerson.getEvents();//        System.out.println(stuSet.size());//        session.getTransaction().commit();     Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();         session.beginTransaction();         //fetch的作用 Hibernate默认的load方式是lazy只会加载当前对象 而对于list不进行加载 而当我们设置lazy=false的时候 又会全部加载 所以使用fetch可以主动进行提取 进行热加载         Person aPerson = (Person) session                 .createQuery("select p from Person p left join fetch p.events where p.id = :pid")                 .setParameter("pid", 2)                 .uniqueResult(); // Eager fetch the collection so we can use it detached         Event anEvent = (Event) session.load(Event.class, 2);         session.getTransaction().commit();         // End of first unit of work         aPerson.getEvents().add(anEvent); // aPerson (and its collection) is detached         // Begin second unit of work         Session session2 = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();         session2.beginTransaction();         session2.update(aPerson); // Reattachment of aPerson         session2.getTransaction().commit();    }        @Test    public void addEmailToPerson() {        Session session = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession();        session.beginTransaction();        Person aPerson = (Person) session.load(Person.class, 1);        // adding to the emailAddress collection might trigger a lazy load of the collection        aPerson.getEmailAddresses().add("ga_smile_nk@sina.com");        session.getTransaction().commit();    }}

HibernateUtil.java：

package com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.util;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;public class HibernateUtil {    private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory = buildSessionFactory();    private static SessionFactory buildSessionFactory() {    try {// Create the SessionFactory from hibernate.cfg.xml//SessionFactory sc = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(//new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().build());Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();SessionFactory sc = cfg.buildSessionFactory(new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(cfg.getProperties()).build());return sc;} catch (Throwable ex) {// Make sure you log the exception, as it might be swallowedSystem.err.println("Initial SessionFactory creation failed." + ex);throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);}    }    public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {        return sessionFactory;    }}

可以在IDE中直接执行测试类的方法。或者使用mvn的test命令进行执行，执行结果如下：

------------------------------------------------------- T E S T S-------------------------------------------------------Running com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.test.EventManagerTest09:06:51,881  WARN org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.connections.internal.DriverManagerConnectionProviderImpl:93 - HHH000402: Using Hibernate built-in connection pool (not for production use!)09:06:52,780  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:182 - HHH000228: Running hbm2ddl schema update09:06:52,781  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:193 - HHH000102: Fetching database metadata09:06:52,783  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:205 - HHH000396: Updating schema09:06:52,808  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:66 - HHH000261: Table found: hibernate.events09:06:52,809  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:67 - HHH000037: Columns: [title, event_date, event_id]09:06:52,809  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:69 - HHH000108: Foreign keys: []09:06:52,810  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:70 - HHH000126: Indexes: [primary]09:06:52,819  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:66 - HHH000261: Table found: hibernate.person09:06:52,820  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:67 - HHH000037: Columns: [person_id, age, lastname, firstname]09:06:52,821  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:69 - HHH000108: Foreign keys: []09:06:52,821  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:70 - HHH000126: Indexes: [primary]09:06:52,832  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:66 - HHH000261: Table found: hibernate.person_email_addr09:06:52,833  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:67 - HHH000037: Columns: [person_id, email_addr]09:06:52,833  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:69 - HHH000108: Foreign keys: [fk_fipu5nseny7muu1yknf93rf3e]09:06:52,835  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:70 - HHH000126: Indexes: [fk_fipu5nseny7muu1yknf93rf3e]09:06:52,846  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:66 - HHH000261: Table found: hibernate.person_event09:06:52,847  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:67 - HHH000037: Columns: [person_id, event_id]09:06:52,847  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:69 - HHH000108: Foreign keys: [fk_8xsbl2jbyqaf5ocifr7hcjt2x, fk_7bh2i9xjn8v93x5ku5w61npwf]09:06:52,848  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.TableMetadata:70 - HHH000126: Indexes: [primary, fk_7bh2i9xjn8v93x5ku5w61npwf]09:06:52,849  INFO org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaUpdate:242 - HHH000232: Schema update completeHibernate:     select        person0_.PERSON_ID as PERSON_I1_1_0_,        person0_.age as age2_1_0_,        person0_.firstname as firstnam3_1_0_,        person0_.lastname as lastname4_1_0_     from        PERSON person0_     where        person0_.PERSON_ID=?Hibernate:     select        emailaddre0_.PERSON_ID as PERSON_I1_1_0_,        emailaddre0_.EMAIL_ADDR as EMAIL_AD2_2_0_     from        PERSON_EMAIL_ADDR emailaddre0_     where        emailaddre0_.PERSON_ID=?Hibernate:     select        person0_.PERSON_ID as PERSON_I1_1_0_,        event2_.EVENT_ID as EVENT_ID1_0_1_,        person0_.age as age2_1_0_,        person0_.firstname as firstnam3_1_0_,        person0_.lastname as lastname4_1_0_,        event2_.EVENT_DATE as EVENT_DA2_0_1_,        event2_.title as title3_0_1_,        events1_.PERSON_ID as PERSON_I2_1_0__,        events1_.EVENT_ID as EVENT_ID1_3_0__     from        PERSON person0_     left outer join        PERSON_EVENT events1_             on person0_.PERSON_ID=events1_.PERSON_ID     left outer join        EVENTS event2_             on events1_.EVENT_ID=event2_.EVENT_ID     where        person0_.PERSON_ID=?Hibernate:     update        PERSON     set        age=?,        firstname=?,        lastname=?     where        PERSON_ID=?Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 1.942 secResults :Tests run: 2, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time: 3.849 s[INFO] Finished at: 2014-12-23T09:06:53+08:00[INFO] Final Memory: 7M/18M[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

这样就完成了Hibernate与maven的集成。在Hibernate中有一个比较重要的内容较Open Session in View。这里我们写一个Servlet进行简单的演示。

首先把我们当前的项目转换为web project。这步就不再赘述。

然后我们新建一个Servlet叫EventManagerServlet：

package com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.web;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.PrintWriter;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Date;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.domains.Event;import com.smile.pansoft.mavenhibernate.util.HibernateUtil;//Importspublic class EventManagerServlet extends HttpServlet {protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {SimpleDateFormat dateFormatter = new SimpleDateFormat("dd.MM.yyyy");try {// Begin unit of workHibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().beginTransaction();// Process request and render page...// Write HTML headerPrintWriter out = response.getWriter();out.println("<html><head><title>Event Manager</title></head><body>");// Handle actionsif ("store".equals(request.getParameter("action"))) {String eventTitle = request.getParameter("eventTitle");String eventDate = request.getParameter("eventDate");if ("".equals(eventTitle) || "".equals(eventDate)) {out.println("<b><i>Please enter event title and date.</i></b>");} else {createAndStoreEvent(eventTitle,dateFormatter.parse(eventDate));out.println("<b><i>Added event.</i></b>");}}// Print pageprintEventForm(out);listEvents(out, dateFormatter);// Write HTML footerout.println("</body></html>");out.flush();out.close();// End unit of workHibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().getTransaction().commit();} catch (Exception ex) {HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory().getCurrentSession().getTransaction().rollback();if (ServletException.class.isInstance(ex)) {throw (ServletException) ex;} else {throw new ServletException(ex);}}}   private void printEventForm(PrintWriter out) {        out.println("<h2>Add new event:</h2>");        out.println("<form>");        out.println("Title: <input name='eventTitle' length='50'/><br/>");        out.println("Date (e.g. 24.12.2009): <input name='eventDate' length='10'/><br/>");        out.println("<input type='submit' name='action' value='store'/>");        out.println("</form>");    }      private void listEvents(PrintWriter out, SimpleDateFormat dateFormatter) {        List result = HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory()                .getCurrentSession().createCriteria(Event.class).list();        if (result.size() > 0) {            out.println("<h2>Events in database:</h2>");            out.println("<table border='1'>");            out.println("<tr>");            out.println("<th>Event title</th>");            out.println("<th>Event date</th>");            out.println("</tr>");            Iterator it = result.iterator();            while (it.hasNext()) {                Event event = (Event) it.next();                out.println("<tr>");                out.println("<td>" + event.getTitle() + "</td>");                out.println("<td>" + dateFormatter.format(event.getDate()) + "</td>");                out.println("</tr>");            }            out.println("</table>");        }    }      protected void createAndStoreEvent(String title, Date theDate) {        Event theEvent = new Event();        theEvent.setTitle(title);        theEvent.setDate(theDate);        HibernateUtil.getSessionFactory()                .getCurrentSession().save(theEvent);    }}

这个Servlet包含了添加和展示的操作。

这时候我们在pom.xml中增加如下配置：

<packaging>war</packaging>    <build>  <finalName>web-app-event</finalName>  <plugins>  <plugin>  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId><version>2.5</version><configuration><outputDirectory>E:\SSH_Maven</outputDirectory></configuration>  </plugin>  </plugins>  </build>

表明我们打包整war包，默认是jar。

然后执行mvn install或者mvn package命令：

[INFO] --- maven-war-plugin:2.5:war (default-war) @ hibernate-tutorial ---[INFO] Packaging webapp[INFO] Assembling webapp [hibernate-tutorial] in [E:\SSH_Maven\maven-hibernate\target\web-app-event][INFO] Processing war project[INFO] Copying webapp resources [E:\SSH_Maven\maven-hibernate\src\main\webapp][INFO] Webapp assembled in [125 msecs][INFO] Building war: E:\SSH_Maven\web-app-event.war[INFO] [INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ hibernate-tutorial ---[INFO] Installing E:\SSH_Maven\web-app-event.war to E:\Maven\m2\repository\org\hibernate\tutorials\hibernate-tutorial\1.0.0-SNAPSHOT\hibernate-tutorial-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.war[INFO] Installing E:\SSH_Maven\maven-hibernate\pom.xml to E:\Maven\m2\repository\org\hibernate\tutorials\hibernate-tutorial\1.0.0-SNAPSHOT\hibernate-tutorial-1.0.0-SNAPSHOT.pom[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------[INFO] Total time: 4.995 s[INFO] Finished at: 2014-12-23T09:13:19+08:00[INFO] Final Memory: 9M/22M[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

war包就会直接打到我们制定的目录下。我们将war包拷贝到应用服务器下面，然后进行访问。

一个简单的添加展示界面就显示出来了。这也算是一个maven对Hibernate的web项目的集成吧。

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