利用Maven继承关系简化项目POM配置

昨天看到有人问依赖管理的问题，所以就想把自己在使用maven时的经验与大家进行分享。

 

1、首先建一个root/pom.xml

 主要作用就是配置一般项目都需要的基本信息。

如：编码，编译版本，生成eclipse项目时的编码，生成manifest描述，单元测试常用依赖，生成javadoc，生成source，eclipse:eclipse时自动关联source与javadoc，本地仓库配置等。

我定义的Final Name的格式是 ${project.artifactId}-${project.version}-r${svn.revision}-${maven.build.timestamp}，其中包含了svn的rev号与构建时的时间（我们用的是svn)

注意我用的maven-svn-revision-number-plugin 1.7目前不支持1.7格式的svn，官方插件目前已经升级到1.12了说是可以了，大家可以试试。

这种格式方便我们对产出的项目版本进行有效的跟踪(manifest中也有相关的信息)

文件名如：project1-core-1.0-SNAPSHOT-r82-20120503091343.jar

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<projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.noahx</groupId>

    <artifactId>noahx-root</artifactId>

    <version>1.0</version>

    <packaging>pom</packaging>

 

    <properties>

        <maven.build.timestamp.format>yyyyMMddHHmmss</maven.build.timestamp.format>

        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>

        <maven.compile.source>1.5</maven.compile.source>

        <maven.compile.target>1.5</maven.compile.target>

 

        <maven-compiler-plugin.version>2.3.2</maven-compiler-plugin.version>

        <maven-eclipse-plugin.version>2.9</maven-eclipse-plugin.version>

 

        <maven-svn-revision-number-plugin.version>1.7</maven-svn-revision-number-plugin.version>

        <maven-jar-plugin.version>2.4</maven-jar-plugin.version>

        <maven-war-plugin.version>2.2</maven-war-plugin.version>

        <maven-source-plugin.version>2.1.2</maven-source-plugin.version>

        <maven-javadoc-plugin.version>2.8.1</maven-javadoc-plugin.version>

        <maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.7</maven-deploy-plugin.version>

 

        <jmock.version>2.5.1</jmock.version>

        <junit.version>4.10</junit.version>

    </properties>

 

 

    <build>

        <plugins>

            <plugin>

                <groupId>com.google.code.maven-svn-revision-number-plugin</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-svn-revision-number-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>${maven-svn-revision-number-plugin.version}</version>

                <executions>

                    <execution>

                        <goals>

                            <goal>revision</goal>

                        </goals>

                    </execution>

                </executions>

                <configuration>

                    <entries>

                        <entry>

                            <prefix>svn</prefix>

                        </entry>

                    </entries>

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

 

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>${maven-compiler-plugin.version}</version>

                <configuration>

                    <source>${maven.compile.source}</source>

                    <target>${maven.compile.target}</target>

                    <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

 

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>${maven-eclipse-plugin.version}</version>

                <configuration>

                    <downloadSources>true</downloadSources>

                    <downloadJavadocs>true</downloadJavadocs>

                    <useProjectReferences>true</useProjectReferences>

                    <wtpversion>2.0</wtpversion>

                    <additionalConfig>

                        <file>

                            <!-- Text file encoding : UTF-8 -->

                            <name>.settings/org.eclipse.core.resources.prefs</name>

                            <content> 

                              <![CDATA[eclipse.preferences.version=1${line.separator}encoding/<project>=UTF-8${line.separator}]]>

                            </content>

                        </file>

                        <file>

                            <!-- New text file line delimiter : Unix -->

                            <name>.settings/org.eclipse.core.runtime.prefs</name>

                            <content> 

                              <![CDATA[eclipse.preferences.version=1${line.separator}line.separator=\n${line.separator}]]>

                            </content>

                        </file>

                    </additionalConfig>

                    <classpathContainers>

                        <classpathContainer>org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER/org.eclipse.jdt.internal.debug.ui.launcher.StandardVMType/JavaSE-1.6</classpathContainer>

                    </classpathContainers>

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

 

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>${maven-jar-plugin.version}</version>

                <configuration>

                    <archive>

                        <manifest>

                            <addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>

                        </manifest>

                        <manifestEntries>

                            <Build-Time>${maven.build.timestamp}</Build-Time>

                            <SCM-Revision>${svn.revision}</SCM-Revision>

                            <X-Compile-Source-JDK>${maven.compile.source}

                            </X-Compile-Source-JDK>

                            <X-Compile-Target-JDK>${maven.compile.target}

                            </X-Compile-Target-JDK>

                        </manifestEntries>

                    </archive>

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

 

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>${maven-war-plugin.version}</version>

                <configuration>

                    <archive>

                        <manifest>

                            <addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>

                        </manifest>

                        <manifestEntries>

                            <Build-Time>${maven.build.timestamp}</Build-Time>

                            <SCM-Revision>${svn.revision}</SCM-Revision>

                            <X-Compile-Source-JDK>${maven.compile.source}</X-Compile-Source-JDK>

                            <X-Compile-Target-JDK>${maven.compile.target}</X-Compile-Target-JDK>

                        </manifestEntries>

                    </archive>

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

 

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>${maven-source-plugin.version}</version>

                <executions>

                    <execution>

                        <id>attach-sources</id>

                        <goals>

                            <goal>jar-no-fork</goal>

                        </goals>

                    </execution>

                </executions>

            </plugin>

 

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>${maven-javadoc-plugin.version}</version>

                <configuration>

                    <locale>en_US</locale>

                </configuration>

                <executions>

                    <execution>

                        <id>attach-javadocs</id>

                        <goals>

                            <goal>jar</goal>

                        </goals>

                    </execution>

                </executions>

            </plugin>

 

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>

                <version>${maven-deploy-plugin.version}</version>

            </plugin>

 

        </plugins>

 

        <finalName>${project.artifactId}-${project.version}-r${svn.revision}-${maven.build.timestamp}</finalName>

    </build>

 

    <dependencies>

 

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.jmock</groupId>

            <artifactId>jmock-junit4</artifactId>

            <version>${jmock.version}</version>

            <type>jar</type>

            <scope>test</scope>

        </dependency>

 

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.jmock</groupId>

            <artifactId>jmock-legacy</artifactId>

            <version>${jmock.version}</version>

            <type>jar</type>

            <scope>test</scope>

        </dependency>

 

        <dependency>

            <groupId>junit</groupId>

            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

            <version>${junit.version}</version>

            <scope>test</scope>

        </dependency>

 

    </dependencies>

<!--  本地artifactory配置

    <distributionManagement>

        <repository>

            <id>central</id>

            <name>My Artifactory-releases</name>

            <url>http://localhost/artifactory/libs-release-local</url>

        </repository>

        <snapshotRepository>

            <id>snapshots</id>

            <name>My Artifactory-snapshots</name>

            <url>http://localhost/artifactory/libs-snapshot-local</url>

        </snapshotRepository>

    </distributionManagement> -->

</project>

2、java项目（jar），project1/pom.xml

在parent中声明是上面的pom。这样你的项目本身的pom就瘦身了不少。

可以更加专注的关心你的依赖。

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<projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

 

    <parent>

        <groupId>org.noahx</groupId>

        <artifactId>noahx-root</artifactId>

        <version>1.0</version>

    </parent>

 

    <groupId>org.noahx.project1</groupId>

    <artifactId>project1-core</artifactId>

    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>jar</packaging>

 

    <properties>

        <spring.version>3.0.4.RELEASE</spring.version>

    </properties>

 

    <dependencies>

 

        <dependency>

            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

            <version>${spring.version}</version>

        </dependency>

 

    </dependencies>

 

</project>

3、web项目（war），project2/pom.xml

同java一样进行瘦身。

注意packaging是war。wtpContextName这个只对eclipse wtp启作用，自动设置你的web上下文。对myeclipse无效需要手动修改。

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<projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

 

    <parent>

        <groupId>org.noahx</groupId>

        <artifactId>noahx-root</artifactId>

        <version>1.0</version>

    </parent>

 

    <groupId>org.noahx.project2</groupId>

    <artifactId>project2-web</artifactId>

    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <packaging>war</packaging>

 

    <properties>

        <servlet-api.version>2.4</servlet-api.version>

    </properties>

 

    <build>

        <plugins>

 

            <plugin>

                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>

                <artifactId>maven-eclipse-plugin</artifactId>

                <configuration>

                    <wtpContextName>p2</wtpContextName>

                </configuration>

            </plugin>

 

        </plugins>

    </build>

 

    <dependencies>

 

        <dependency>

            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>

            <version>${servlet-api.version}</version>

            <scope>provided</scope>

        </dependency>

 

    </dependencies>

</project>

4、总结

大家当然还可以定义项目公共的pom继续提炼共性。

noahx-root<--project-root

project-root<--project-core

project-root<--project-ext

一般的开源东西的pom都是一级一级继承下来的。大大减小了pom文件大小。