C语言字体背景颜色变换以及按键探测

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/*What's The Pointer?By: Thomas PowersAn experiment in everything you're never supposed to do with pointersThis is a memory peek/poke programYou can browse memory as long as it's not a chunk of memory allocated to another app.When you get pages of ?'s symbols that means that area of memory is inaccessibleUse the scan up (insert) or scan down (delete) key to search for the next blockof memory that is readableYou can use the 'w' key to alter the currently selected byte.*/#include <iostream>#include <iomanip>using namespace std;#include <conio.h>// needed for the _getch() function#include <windows.h>#include <string>#include <cmath> const int ROWS=15;const int COLS=16;const int BLOCK_SIZE=ROWS*COLS;void displayBlock(unsigned char *start, const unsigned char *homeAddr, unsigned int=0, unsigned int=0);unsigned char *scan(unsigned char *, int);void write(unsigned char *addr, unsigned int rowOffet=0, unsigned int colOffset=0);enum COLOURS {COLOUR_DEFAULT= 15,COLOUR_HIGHLIGHT= 42,COLOUR_OTHER= 14};enum KEYS {ARROW_KEY= -32,KEY_UP= 72,KEY_DOWN= 80,KEY_LEFT= 75,KEY_RIGHT= 77,HOME= 71,PG_UP= 73,PG_DOWN= 81,INS= 82,DEL= 83};const int LOW_INVALID_CHAR=7;const int HIGH_INVALID_CHAR=13;const string INVALID_CHAR_NAME[7]={"Bell", "Backspace", "Tab", "Line Feed", "Home", "Form Feed", "New Line"};enum CHARS {CHR_BELL= 7,CHR_BACKSPACE= 8,CHR_TAB= 9,CHR_LINEFEED= 10,CHR_HOME= 11,CHR_FORMFEED= 12,CHR_NEWLINE= 13};int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {// this is our magic floating pointer (which is not a floating point, just a char)unsigned char *p = new unsigned char;// It might be interesting to start at a variable, focusing us somewhere in main's stackframe// otherwise, just let p remain uninitializedunsigned char s[]="[Welcome Home]";// check the command line argumentsfor ( int i=1; i < argc; i++ ) {if ( strcmp(argv[i],"-mainframe")==0 ) { p=s;break;}if ( strcmp(argv[i],"-?")==0 ) {cout << "Usage: To try to start you out near main()'s stack frame, use '-mainframe'\n" << "This will point to a local variable (a char array) in main()\n";system("pause");}}unsigned int selectRow=0, selectCol=0;// make a copy of p so that we can always get back homeunsigned char *home=p;char inp;  // some place to get a key input from the user// the main loopdo {displayBlock(p,home,selectRow,selectCol);inp=_getch();if ( inp == ARROW_KEY ) {// arrow keys, home, ins, del, etc.. actually give _getch() two chars// if the first one was -32 we know this is happeninginp=_getch();  // read from the buffer the 2nd character (which arrow key?)switch ( inp ) {case KEY_RIGHT:selectCol++;selectCol%=COLS;break;case KEY_LEFT:selectCol--;selectCol%=COLS;break;case KEY_UP:selectRow--;selectRow%=ROWS;break;case KEY_DOWN:selectRow++;selectRow%=ROWS;break;case PG_UP:p=p-BLOCK_SIZE;break;case PG_DOWN:p=p+BLOCK_SIZE;break;case HOME:p=home;selectRow=0;selectCol=0;break;case 88:// uppercase Xcout << "\nGoodbye\n";break;case 120:// lowercase xcout << "\nGoodbye\n";break;case INS:p=scan(p,-1);break;case DEL:p=scan(p,1);break;}} else {// non arrow/control keyif ( inp == 'w' || inp == 'W' ) {// write (poke)write(p,selectRow,selectCol);}}} while (inp != 'x' && inp != 'X');return 0;}void displayBlock(unsigned char *start, const unsigned char *homeAddr, unsigned int selectRow, unsigned int selectCol) {HANDLE hConsole;hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);// set default color (white)SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole,COLOUR_OTHER);system ("cls");cout << "Block starting at address: " << hex << long(start);cout << " ("<< dec << long( fabs(double(start+selectCol+(selectRow*COLS)-homeAddr)) ) << " Bytes from home)";cout << endl;cout << "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n";unsigned char chr[ROWS][COLS];int r=0, c=0;// read the block into a 2d arrayfor ( int i=0; i < BLOCK_SIZE; i++ ) {// next row?if ( i>0 && i%COLS==0 ) { r++; c=0; }// try to get the byte from this location, otherwise use '?' if it's inaccessible memory__try { chr[r][c]=start[i]; } __except ( true ) { chr[r][c]='?'; }// next columnc++;}// display the arrayfor ( r=0; r < ROWS; r++ ) {SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole,COLOUR_DEFAULT);// print row addresscout << hex << long( start+(COLS*r) ) << " :";// print hex valuesfor ( c=0; c < COLS; c++ ) {cout << " ";  // leading space, not highlightedif ( r==selectRow && c==selectCol ) { SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole,COLOUR_HIGHLIGHT); // highlight (inverted cyan)} else {SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole,COLOUR_DEFAULT); // white}cout << setw(2) << setfill('0') << hex << int(chr[r][c]);SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole,15); // white}// print ascii characterscout << " : ";for ( c=0; c < COLS; c++ ) {if ( r==selectRow && c==selectCol ) SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole,COLOUR_HIGHLIGHT); // highlight (inverted cyan)elseSetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole,COLOUR_DEFAULT); // white// unless it's a character that's going to be a trouble makerif ( chr[r][c] != NULL && ( chr[r][c] < LOW_INVALID_CHAR || chr[r][c] > HIGH_INVALID_CHAR ) ) {cout << chr[r][c]; } else {cout << ' ';}}// new line, next rowcout << endl;}SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole,COLOUR_OTHER); // yellowcout << "\n[Arrow Keys] select byte, [PG UP]/[PG DN] read previous/next block" << "\n[INS]/[DEL] Scan up/down, [HOME] starting location, [X] exit, [W] write\n";cout << "\nSelected Byte: [";if ( chr[selectRow][selectCol] != NULL && ( chr[selectRow][selectCol] < LOW_INVALID_CHAR ||  chr[selectRow][selectCol] > HIGH_INVALID_CHAR) ){cout << chr[selectRow][selectCol];} else if ( chr[selectRow][selectCol] == NULL ){cout << "NULL";} else {cout << INVALID_CHAR_NAME[ chr[selectRow][selectCol] - LOW_INVALID_CHAR ];}cout << "] HEX:" << hex << int(chr[selectRow][selectCol]) << " Decimal: " << dec << int(chr[selectRow][selectCol]) << endl;cout << "Address: " << hex << long( start+(selectCol)+(selectRow*COLS) );SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole,COLOUR_DEFAULT);}unsigned char *scan(unsigned char *p, int direction) {cout << "\nScanning for accessible memory, this may take... forever.....";char chr=NULL;bool readOK=false;do {__try { chr=*p; readOK=true;} __except ( true ) {p+=(BLOCK_SIZE*direction);readOK=false;}} while ( !readOK );return p;}void write(unsigned char *addr, unsigned int rowOffset, unsigned int colOffset){unsigned int writeVal;addr+=colOffset+(rowOffset*COLS);cout << "\nEnter byte value (in decimal, 0-255, any invalid value (such as -1) will abort)\nByte Value: ";cin >> writeVal;if ( writeVal >=0 && writeVal <=255 ) {__try { *addr=char(writeVal); } __except ( true ) {cout << "\nWrite failed\n";system("pause");}} else {cout << "\nValue is invalid, aborting.\n";system("pause");}}

C/C++改变控制台输出字体的背景和颜色（windows）

(2014-03-07 11:48:18）

可以用第二种方法改变部分字体的背景和颜色。

1. 全局设置

会改变整个窗口所有字体的背景和颜色。

system("color 04");

第一个数字代表背景色，第二个数字代表前景色。各颜色的代码如下：

0=黑色

1=蓝色

2=绿色

3=湖蓝色

4=红色

5=紫色

6=黄色

7=白色

8=灰色

9=淡蓝色

A=淡绿色

B=淡浅绿色

C=淡红色

D=淡紫色

E=淡黄色

F=亮白色

2. 改变下一个输出字体的背景和颜色

include

BOOL SetConsoleTextAttribute(HANDLE hConsoleOutput, WORD wAttributes);

hConsoleOutput: 设备句柄，通过GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)获取。

wAttributes: 颜色属性

FOREGROUND_BLUE字体颜色：蓝1FOREGROUND_GREEN字体颜色：绿2FOREGROUND_RED字体颜色：红4FOREGROUND_INTENSITY前景色高亮显示8BACKGROUND_BLUE背景颜色：蓝16BACKGROUND_GREEN背景颜色：绿32BACKGROUND_RED背景颜色：红64BACKGROUND_INTENSITY背景色高亮显示128

也就是说SetConsoleTextAttribute函数是靠一个字节的低四位控制前景色，高四位控制背景色。

例如白底红字可以写成:

也可以写成：

SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE),0xFC);

其他的颜色：

White on Black：