python Logger 高级教程

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高级教程

logging library 四个模块

  • lLoggers暴露的接口,给代码使用
  •  Handlers  把log 记录送到合适的destination
  •  Filter  过滤器,决定哪个log记录被输出
  •  Formatters  ,最终输出的log记录格式

  Logevent information 在loggers ,handlers ,filters 和formatters 中传递。

获得Logger:

我们通过Logger 类的实例来调用方法来记录日志。每个实例有不同的名字,并且被记录在namesapce里。

如果用于模块级别的日志记录,一个惯例是用以下模式来命名Logger:

ger= logging.getLogger(__name__)

可用来追踪包/模块 ,从logger名字直观上找到事件发生处。

Log的Destination:

日志记录可以被写入 files,HTTPGET/POST ,通过SMTP写入email,socket,或者系统级别日志,比如Window NT的事件日志。

Destinationsare served by handler classes. 如果内置的Handler 无法满足你的需求,可以定义自己的handlerClass。

下图是log 记录的传递过程


Logger类

三个作用:

1.        给代码暴露接口

2.        基于filter Object决定展示哪些log messages 被展示

3.        Logger object 传递相关logmessages 给相关handler

 

Loggerl类有两类方法:

  1. 用来配置的方法

 

1.    Logger.setLevel(lvl):说明会被处理的最低Level的log message

下面是每个logging level 对应的值

Level

Numeric value

CRITICAL

50

ERROR

40

WARNING

30

INFO

20

DEBUG

10

NOTSET

0

 

 

2.        Logger.addHandler(hdlr)Logger.removeHandler(hdlr)

Logger 中增加或者删除Handler

3.        Logger.addFilter(filt) 和Logger.removeFilter(filt )

在Logger中增加或者删除 Filter


  2.记录message的方法:

Logger.debug(msg*args**kwargs)

Logger.info(msg*args**kwargs)

Logger.warning(msg*args**kwargs)

Logger.error(msg*args**kwargs)

Logger.critical(msg*args**kwargs)

Logger.exception(msg*args**kwargs)Logger.error层级

Logger.log(lvlmsg*args**kwargs)

Handlers

负责将Log message 分派到指定的destination

Handler.setLevel(lvl)

Handler.setFormatter(form) 他使用的Formatter

标准库包括比如StreamHandler(像sys.stout咿呀将logging输出)和FileHandler(将logging 输出于硬盘文件中)

Formatters

负责配置log message 的最终顺序,结构,及内容

 

多模块记录

多次调用logging.getLogger('someLogger')会返回同一个logger object的引用。不仅在一个module里这样,多个module也是这样。除此之外还可以在一个Module里生成父模块,在另一Module生成子 logger

 

 

main module:

importlogging
importauxiliary_module
 
# create logger with 'spam_application'
logger= logging.getLogger('spam_application')
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# create file handler which logs even debug messages
fh= logging.FileHandler('spam.log')
fh.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
# create console handler with a higher log level
ch= logging.StreamHandler()
ch.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
# create formatter and add it to the handlers
formatter= logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
fh.setFormatter(formatter)
ch.setFormatter(formatter)
# add the handlers to the logger
logger.addHandler(fh)
logger.addHandler(ch)
 
logger.info('creating an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary')
a= auxiliary_module.Auxiliary()
logger.info('created an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary')
logger.info('calling auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something')
a.do_something()
logger.info('finished auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something')
logger.info('calling auxiliary_module.some_function()')
auxiliary_module.some_function()
logger.info('done with auxiliary_module.some_function()')

 

auxiliary module:

importlogging
 
# create logger
module_logger= logging.getLogger('spam_application.auxiliary')
 
classAuxiliary:
    def__init__(self):
        self.logger= logging.getLogger('spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary')
        self.logger.info('creating an instance of Auxiliary')
    defdo_something(self):
        self.logger.info('doing something')
        a =1+1
        self.logger.info('done doing something')
 
defsome_function():
    module_logger.info('received a call to "some_function"')

 

输出

The output looks like this:

2005-03-23 23:47:11,663 - spam_application - INFO -
   creating an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary
2005-03-23 23:47:11,665 - spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary - INFO -
   creating an instance of Auxiliary
2005-03-23 23:47:11,665 - spam_application - INFO -
   created an instance of auxiliary_module.Auxiliary
2005-03-23 23:47:11,668 - spam_application - INFO -
   calling auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something
2005-03-23 23:47:11,668 - spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary - INFO -
   doing something
2005-03-23 23:47:11,669 - spam_application.auxiliary.Auxiliary - INFO -
   done doing something
2005-03-23 23:47:11,670 - spam_application - INFO -
   finished auxiliary_module.Auxiliary.do_something
2005-03-23 23:47:11,671 - spam_application - INFO -
   calling auxiliary_module.some_function()
2005-03-23 23:47:11,672 - spam_application.auxiliary - INFO -
   received a call to 'some_function'
2005-03-23 23:47:11,673 - spam_application - INFO -
   done with auxiliary_module.some_function()

 

 链接:

https://docs.python.org/2/howto/logging.html#logging-advanced-tutorial

https://docs.python.org/2/howto/logging-cookbook.html?highlight=multiple%20log

 

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