mysql 安装简介

mysql的安装
1. 关闭iptables 
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off

2. 禁止selinux
方法：
/etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=DISABLED


用root登录操作系统，增加mysql用户和组，数据库将安装在此用户下：
groupadd mysql 
useradd -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -d /opt/mysql mysql     //useradd -g mysql mysql
    注：  -d是修改用户家目录 

            -s /sbin/nologin         当用户配置成/sbin/nologin时，如果再使用该用户ssh到linux操作系统，会提示 This account is currently not available.  

 [root@robert ~]# su - mysql

 This account is currently not available.

# id mysql
uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql)


解压mysql二进制安装包，安装文件放在/opt/mysql,并对解压后的mysql目录加一个符号连接，mysql，这样读mysql目录操作会更方便
cd /opt/mysql/
tar zxvf /root/Desktop/mysql-5.5.37-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 

[root@robert Desktop]# cd /opt/mysql/
[root@robert mysql]# ls
mysql-5.5.37-linux2.6-x86_64
[root@robert mysql]# cd mysql-5.5.37-linux2.6-x86_64/
[root@robert mysql-5.5.37-linux2.6-x86_64]# ls
bin  COPYING  data  docs  include  INSTALL-BINARY  lib  man  mysql-test  README  scripts  share  sql-bench  support-files


创建软连接
---/usr/local/mysql -> 刚才解的文件 
[root@robert local]#  cd /usr/local/
[root@robert local]#  ln -s /opt/mysql/mysql-5.5.39-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql
[root@robert local]# ls -l mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 40 Nov 24 09:05 mysql -> /opt/mysql/mysql-5.5.37-linux2.6-x86_64/


创建mysql安装需要的目录                      
mkdir -p /data/mysql/mysql_3306/{data, logs,tmp}      
cd /data
mkdir mysql
[root@node20 mysql]# mkdir mysql_3306
[root@node20 mysql]# cd mysql_3306/
[root@node20 mysql_3306]# mkdir data
[root@node20 mysql_3306]# mkdir logs
[root@node20 mysql_3306]# mkdir tmp


设置目录权限，讲data目录owner改为mysql，其他目录和文件为root 
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/ 
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ 




加环境变量,解决找不到mysql命令的问题
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >>  /etc/profile
source /etc/profile


依赖的lib库是否安全了
# ldd /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
[root@robert mysql_3306]# ldd /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
        libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x000000303aa00000)
        libaio.so.1 => /usr/lib64/libaio.so.1 (0x00002b4ef2124000)
        libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x000000303a200000)
        librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x000000303f600000)
        libcrypt.so.1 => /lib64/libcrypt.so.1 (0x000000304ce00000)
        libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x000000303a600000)
        libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x0000003039e00000)
        /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x0000003039a00000)


创建修改mysql配置文件
cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
#  cp my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf


修改my.cnf文件：
datadir =/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data 
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
: %s/home\/mysql/data\/mysql\/mysql_3306\/data/g
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G -> innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 -> innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
保存退出。

初始化一个数据库
cd /usr/local/mysql/
初始化数据库一定要在basedir 下进行
./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --defautls-file=/etc/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data

启动mysql服务
[root@robert ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@robert mysql]# cd bin/
[root@robert bin]# ./mysqld_safe  --user=mysql &         //mysql_safe是myslq的守护进程，自动启动mysqld。 他启动，mysqld也会启动
[root@robert /]# ps -ef|grep mysqld
root     22874  3491  0 10:44 pts/2    00:00:00 /bin/sh ./mysqld_safe -user=mysql
mysql    23119 22874  0 10:44 pts/2    00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql -user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/robert.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/robert.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root     23262 21384  0 10:49 pts/4    00:00:00 grep mysqld
看到这两个进程说明mysql已经启动成功了
启动之后也会产生一个套接文件
[root@robert /]# ls /tmp/mysql.sock 
/tmp/mysql.sock
在/tmp下，如果有了这个文件，也说明mysql已经启动了，没有这个文件，mysql是不会启动的
[root@robert bin]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/bin


连接mysql
1）连接到本机上的mysql
到mysql安装目录，一般可以直接输入命令./mysql -uroot -p,回车提示输入密码。 如果刚安装好mysql，超级用户root是没有密码的，所以./mysql直接回车，即可进入mysql中
[root@robert bin]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@robert bin] ./mysql　　
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.1.34 Source distribution


Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit 退出
2）连接上远程主机上的mysql
远程主机ip：10.0.0.1 ，用户名root，密码123456，键入的命令为：
./mysql -h 10.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456


修改mysqlroot密码
[root@robert bin]# ./mysqladmin -u root password 123456        //给管理员用户root设置密码
[root@robert bin]# ./mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)






mysql的启动和关闭
1.命令行方式
1）启动服务
[root@robert bin]# ./mysqld_safe &            //mysql_safe是myslq的守护进程，自动启动mysqld。 他启动，mysqld也会启动
[1] 26193
[root@robert bin]# 141124 22:07:43 mysqld_safe Logging to '/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/robert.localdomain.err'.
141124 22:07:44 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql/mysql_3306/data


[root@robert bin]# ps -ef|grep mysqld
root     26193  4762  0 22:07 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh ./mysqld_safe
mysql    26421 26193  0 22:07 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/robert.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/mysql_3306/data/robert.localdomain.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root     26487  3491  0 22:11 pts/2    00:00:00 grep mysqld
看到这两个进程说明mysql已经启动成功了
启动之后也会产生一个套接文件
[root@robert /]# ls /tmp/mysql.sock 
/tmp/mysql.sock
在/tmp下，如果有了这个文件，也说明mysql已经启动了，没有这个文件，mysql是不会启动的


[root@robert bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.37 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 
[root@robert bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p123456   
mysql> 


2)关闭服务
[root@robert bin]# pwd
/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@robert bin]# ./mysqladmin -uroot shutdown
./mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)'
[root@robert bin]# ./mysqladmin -uroot shutdown -p          //直接[root@robert bin]# ./mysqladmin -uroot  -p123456 shutdown
Enter password: 
[root@robert bin]# ./mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)


2服务的方式
如果mysql是用rpm包安装的，则启动和关闭mysql服务的过程如下：
#service mysql start
#service mysql restart
#service mysql stop 
  注：在命令上启动mysql的时候，如果不加 “--console”，启动和关闭信息将不会再界面中显示，而是记录在安装目录下的data目录里面，文件名一般是hostname.err,可以通过此文件查看mysql控制台信息。


如何指定/etc/init.d/mysqld启动或关闭mysql
# find / -name mysql.server
/opt/mysql/mysql-5.5.37-linux2.6-x86_64/support-files/mysql.server
If you could find this file,copy it to /etc/rc.d/init.d and rename it as mysqld,then you could using " /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start " to start your mysql instance.
cd  /opt/mysql/mysql-5.5.37-linux2.6-x86_64/support-files/
#cp mysql.server  /etc/rc.d/init.d 
[root@robert bin]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.                                       [  OK  ]
[root@robert bin]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL..                                           [  OK  ]