R语言中的模型公式与图表

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#####模型和公式######利用base包的cars数据集来讲解模型和公式这一章cars.lm<-lm(formula=dist~speed,data=cars)cars.lm#其中的lm是估算线性模型参数的函数,formula代表公式,dist~speed就是公式,cars是数据集#使用summary函数summary(cars.lm)#直接调用lm或者summarylm(dist~speed,data=cars)summary(lm(dist~speed,data=cars))#####图表######使用base包中的cars数据集绘图data(cars)#dim(cars)#数据集中的列名names(cars)summary(cars)plot(cars,xlab="Speed(mph)",ylab="Stopping distance(ft)",las=1,xlim=c(0,25))

输出：

> #####模型和公式#####> #利用base包的cars数据集来讲解模型和公式这一章> cars.lm<-lm(formula=dist~speed,data=cars)> cars.lmCall:lm(formula = dist ~ speed, data = cars)Coefficients:(Intercept)        speed      -17.579        3.932  > #其中的lm是估算线性模型参数的函数,formula代表公式,dist~speed就是公式,cars是数据集> #使用summary函数> summary(cars.lm)Call:lm(formula = dist ~ speed, data = cars)Residuals:    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max -29.069  -9.525  -2.272   9.215  43.201 Coefficients:            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    (Intercept) -17.5791     6.7584  -2.601   0.0123 *  speed         3.9324     0.4155   9.464 1.49e-12 ***---Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1Residual standard error: 15.38 on 48 degrees of freedomMultiple R-squared:  0.6511,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.6438 F-statistic: 89.57 on 1 and 48 DF,  p-value: 1.49e-12> #直接调用lm或者summary> lm(dist~speed,data=cars)Call:lm(formula = dist ~ speed, data = cars)Coefficients:(Intercept)        speed      -17.579        3.932  > summary(lm(dist~speed,data=cars))Call:lm(formula = dist ~ speed, data = cars)Residuals:    Min      1Q  Median      3Q     Max -29.069  -9.525  -2.272   9.215  43.201 Coefficients:            Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)    (Intercept) -17.5791     6.7584  -2.601   0.0123 *  speed         3.9324     0.4155   9.464 1.49e-12 ***---Signif. codes:  0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1Residual standard error: 15.38 on 48 degrees of freedomMultiple R-squared:  0.6511,    Adjusted R-squared:  0.6438 F-statistic: 89.57 on 1 and 48 DF,  p-value: 1.49e-12> > #####图表#####> #使用base包中的cars数据集绘图> data(cars)> #> dim(cars)[1] 50  2> #数据集中的列名> names(cars)[1] "speed" "dist" > summary(cars)     speed           dist        Min.   : 4.0   Min.   :  2.00   1st Qu.:12.0   1st Qu.: 26.00   Median :15.0   Median : 36.00   Mean   :15.4   Mean   : 42.98   3rd Qu.:19.0   3rd Qu.: 56.00   Max.   :25.0   Max.   :120.00  > plot(cars,xlab="Speed(mph)",ylab="Stopping distance(ft)",las=1,xlim=c(0,25))>

图表：

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