Python计算hash值——hashlib模块

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#python3.4

注意Python的版本2与3的区别

hashlib module - A common interface to many hash functions.

Hash objects have these methods:
- update(arg): Update the hash object with the bytes in arg. Repeated calls
are equivalent to a single call with the concatenation of all
the arguments.

生成hash对象后，就可以用update方法对字符串进行md5加密的更新处理
- digest():    Return the digest of the bytes passed to the update() method
                so far.

得到的bytes:b'\x8f\xe2\xf6\xf8Y4\x11\xff\xb2S+\x00-\nyv'
- hexdigest(): Like digest() except the digest is returned as a unicode
object of double length, containing only hexadecimal digits.

得到的unicode 8fe2f6f8593411ffb2532b002d0a7976

hexdigest()常用
- copy():      Return a copy (clone) of the hash object. This can be used to
                efficiently compute the digests of strings that share a common
                initial substring.

#coding=utf8from hashlib import md5from hashlib import sha1from hashlib import sha224from hashlib import sha384from hashlib import sha512import hashlib#__all__ = ('md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512', 'new', 'algorithms_guaranteed', 'algorithms_available', 'pbkdf2_hmac')#Python计算字符串的hash值def hashForString(method,srcbyte):    #将字符串和汉字转化成byte类型    srcbyte = srcbyte.encode("gb2312")          #new(name, data=b'')    testnew = hashlib.new(method,data=srcbyte).hexdigest()    print(testnew)        if method == 'md5':         m = md5()        m.update(srcbyte)        srcbyte = m.hexdigest()    elif method == 'sha1':        s = sha1()        s.update(srcbyte)        srcbyte = s.hexdigest()    elif method == 'sha224':        s = sha224()        s.update(srcbyte)        srcbyte = s.hexdigest()    elif method == 'sha384':        s = sha384()        s.update(srcbyte)        srcbyte = s.hexdigest()    elif method == 'sha512':        s = sha512()        s.update(srcbyte)        srcbyte = s.hexdigest()    return srcbyte print (hashForString("md5","chaosju"))

程序遇到的问题1：

SyntaxError: Non-UTF-8 code starting with '\xc1' in file...

　　程序中出现中文，运行的时候出现如下错误：

　　SyntaxError: Non-UTF-8 code starting with '\xc1' in file E:\...\xxx.py on line 8, but no encoding declared; see

　　导致出错的根源就是编码问题。

　　解决方案是：

　　在程序最上面加上：# coding=gbk

　　这样程序就可以正常运行了。

程序遇到的问题2：

“Unicode-objects must be encoded before hashing”，意思是在进行哈希运算前，需要对数据进行编码

解决方案是：

srcbyte = srcbyte.encode("gb2312")

这种方式同样解决汉字的hash问题

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