Ubuntu 编译kernel 的几种方法

Method 1:

1. Use apt-get source to download the Ubuntu version of the kernel

apt-get source linux-image-$(uname -r)

gives a folder that contains, for example:

linux-3.2.0                linux_3.2.0-26.41.dsclinux_3.2.0-26.41.diff.gz  linux_3.2.0.orig.tar.gz

The bolded diff includes all the Ubuntu/Debian customizations.

2. To build a stock kernel with your own .config, use the "old-fashioned" Debianmake-kpkg method

sudo apt-get install kernel-package

If you are compiling a kernel for the first time:

sudo apt-get build-dep linux-image-$(uname -r)

Then cd into the source directory (here, linux-3.2.0), and either runmake oldconfig to create .config file with your running kernel's configuration, or copy a third-part.config to this directory.

Depending on whether you want a text or graphical config, install:

(Text)

sudo apt-get install libncurses5 libncurses5-dev

(Graphical)

sudo apt-get install qt3-dev-tools libqt3-mt-dev

And then run:

(Text)

make menuconfig

(Graphical)

make xconfig

When done, just run

make-kpkg

make-kpkg -j N --initrd --append-to-version=my-very-own-kernel kernel-image kernel-headers

where N is how many jobs to run in parallel (usually the number of CPUs you have), andmy-very-own-kernel is a custom string to identify this build.

When done, the kernel image and header files will be ready as debs in the parent directory; you can simply install them withsudo dpkg -i, which will also take care of adding GRUB entries, etc.

method 2:

1. download kernel code(linux.3.16.1.tar.xz),  untar the file, then  run 

make; make modules; 

2. install the modules by running:

sudo make modules_install

Install the kernel itself by:

sudo make install

That puts vmlinuz-3.16.1 (a copy of vmlinuz),config-3.16.1 (a text file storing kernel configuration parameters), andSystem.map-3.16.1 (the kernel symbol lookup table) in /boot. For more details, see this comp.os.linux.misc post by Hadron and man installkernel.

Final setup, so the kernel can be started and boot the system:

This section is partly based on information in Kernel/Compile.

With the kernel now where it needs to be, it needs:

• an entry in the boot loader's configuration, so you can select and boot from it.

• an initial RAM filesystem, the environment from which the kernel loads drivers and mounts the/ filesystem.

  (If you're installing an old kernel or have configured your kernel to use devfs instead of the newer udev, you may need or wish to set up an initial ramdisk instead. If you know you need that instead, see man initrd.)

Generate your initramfs with mkinitramfs:

cd /bootsudo mkinitramfs -ko initrd.img-3.16.1 3.16.1

or:

sudo update-initramfs -u -k 3.16.1

or:

sudo update-initramfs -c -k 3.0.0

When you update the configuration of the GRUB2 boot loader--which has been the default in Ubuntu since 9.10--should automatically detect the new kernel and add an option to boot from it.

sudo update-grub

It could be possible that the create initrd.img is very large (over 100MB), and the boot partiiton maybe don't have enough free space.  In this case, apply the strip parameter when installing modules:

make INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 modules_install

Similarly, for building the deb packages:

make INSTALL_MOD_STRIP=1 deb-pkg