iOS开发中使用protobuf遇到的一些问题

来源：互联网发布：java事件委托原理编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/04/27 17:03

Protocol Buffers 是googol提供的，一种轻便高效的结构化数据存储格式，可以用于结构化数据串行化，或者说序列化。它很适合做数据存储或 RPC 数据交换格式。可用于通讯协议、数据存储等领域的语言无关、平台无关、可扩展的序列化结构数据格式。目前提供了 C++、Java、Python 三种语言的 API。

项目中对通讯协议部分的数据处理时，使用protobuf对socket的字节流进行序列化和反序列化。由于项目中的protobuf是静态库的形式使用，所以第一反应就是下载官方的源文件，安装readme指示进行操作，然而只能生产proto文件编译器（个人叫法），却编译不出来我需要的静态库。

按照网上提供方式的处理，自己建立库工程，提取protobuf源文件，删除test相关的文件，然后进行编译。此方式太容易出错了，多次尝试后，终于不了了之。在进行了两天的苦苦寻觅后，终于让我找到一个国外的大叔做的一个（一键式）编译脚本。https://gist.github.com/BennettSmith/9487468ae3375d0db0cc/download#

不如意事十八九，能与人言无二三。在我柳暗花明之后，以为终于要一路平坦到达胜利的时候，再一次让我心如刀绞，肝肠寸断。编译不过啊，下载不了啊，各种问题啊。

首先是提示系统缺少一些编译必须的工具，Autoconf, Automake & Libtool。不用什么说的，安装吧。

然后又是下载不了的问题。这里我结合脚本说一下：（大部分地方注释的很清楚，没有更多需要说的）

#!/bin/bash
 
echo "$(tput setaf 2)"
echo "###################################################################"
echo "# Preparing to build Google Protobuf"
echo "###################################################################"
echo "$(tput sgr0)"
 
# The results will be stored relative to the location
# where you stored this script, **not** relative to
# the location of the protobuf git repo.
PREFIX=`pwd`/protobuf
if [ -d ${PREFIX} ]
then
    rm -rf "${PREFIX}"
fi
mkdir -p "${PREFIX}/platform"
 
# A "YES" value will build the latest code from GitHub on the master branch.
# A "NO" value will use the 2.6.0 tarball downloaded from googlecode.com.
#这个变量确定是从github获取源码，还是从googol官网获取
USE_GIT_MASTER=NO
 
PROTOBUF_GIT_URL=https://github.com/google/protobuf.git
PROTOBUF_GIT_DIRNAME=protobuf
PROTOBUF_VERSION=2.6.0
PROTOBUF_RELEASE_URL=https://protobuf.googlecode.com/svn/rc/protobuf-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}.tar.gz
PROTOBUF_RELEASE_DIRNAME=protobuf-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}
 
#以下这几个变量决定了，打包库中包含哪些架构的库
BUILD_MACOSX_X86_64=YES
BUILD_I386_IOSSIM=YES
BUILD_X86_64_IOSSIM=YES
BUILD_IOS_ARMV7=YES
BUILD_IOS_ARMV7S=YES
BUILD_IOS_ARM64=YES
 
PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR=/tmp/protobuf
 
DARWIN=darwin13.4.0
 
XCODEDIR=`xcode-select --print-path`
IOS_SDK_VERSION=`xcrun --sdk iphoneos --show-sdk-version`
MIN_SDK_VERSION=7.1
MACOSX_PLATFORM=${XCODEDIR}/Platforms/MacOSX.platform
MACOSX_SYSROOT=${MACOSX_PLATFORM}/Developer/MacOSX10.9.sdk
IPHONEOS_PLATFORM=`xcrun --sdk iphoneos --show-sdk-platform-path`
IPHONEOS_SYSROOT=`xcrun --sdk iphoneos --show-sdk-path`
IPHONESIMULATOR_PLATFORM=`xcrun --sdk iphonesimulator --show-sdk-platform-path`
IPHONESIMULATOR_SYSROOT=`xcrun --sdk iphonesimulator --show-sdk-path`
# Uncomment if you want to see more information about each invocation
# of clang as the builds proceed.
# CLANG_VERBOSE="--verbose"
CC=clang
CXX=clang
CFLAGS="${CLANG_VERBOSE} -DNDEBUG -g -O0 -pipe -fPIC -fcxx-exceptions"
CXXFLAGS="${CLANG_VERBOSE} ${CFLAGS} -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++"
LDFLAGS="-stdlib=libc++"
LIBS="-lc++ -lc++abi"
echo "PREFIX ..................... ${PREFIX}"
echo "USE_GIT_MASTER ............. ${USE_GIT_MASTER}"
echo "PROTOBUF_GIT_URL ........... ${PROTOBUF_GIT_URL}"
echo "PROTOBUF_GIT_DIRNAME ....... ${PROTOBUF_GIT_DIRNAME}"
echo "PROTOBUF_VERSION ........... ${PROTOBUF_VERSION}"
echo "PROTOBUF_RELEASE_URL ....... ${PROTOBUF_RELEASE_URL}"
echo "PROTOBUF_RELEASE_DIRNAME ... ${PROTOBUF_RELEASE_DIRNAME}"
echo "BUILD_MACOSX_X86_64 ........ ${BUILD_MACOSX_X86_64}"
echo "BUILD_I386_IOSSIM .......... ${BUILD_I386_IOSSIM}"
echo "BUILD_X86_64_IOSSIM ........ ${BUILD_X86_64_IOSSIM}"
echo "BUILD_IOS_ARMV7 ............ ${BUILD_IOS_ARMV7}"
echo "BUILD_IOS_ARMV7S ........... ${BUILD_IOS_ARMV7S}"
echo "BUILD_IOS_ARM64 ............ ${BUILD_IOS_ARM64}"
echo "PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR ........... ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}"
echo "DARWIN ..................... ${DARWIN}"
echo "XCODEDIR ................... ${XCODEDIR}"
echo "IOS_SDK_VERSION ............ ${IOS_SDK_VERSION}"
echo "MIN_SDK_VERSION ............ ${MIN_SDK_VERSION}"
echo "MACOSX_PLATFORM ............ ${MACOSX_PLATFORM}"
echo "MACOSX_SYSROOT ............. ${MACOSX_SYSROOT}"
echo "IPHONEOS_PLATFORM .......... ${IPHONEOS_PLATFORM}"
echo "IPHONEOS_SYSROOT ........... ${IPHONEOS_SYSROOT}"
echo "IPHONESIMULATOR_PLATFORM ... ${IPHONESIMULATOR_PLATFORM}"
echo "IPHONESIMULATOR_SYSROOT .... ${IPHONESIMULATOR_SYSROOT}"
echo "CC ......................... ${CC}"
echo "CFLAGS ..................... ${CFLAGS}"
echo "CXX ........................ ${CXX}"
echo "CXXFLAGS ................... ${CXXFLAGS}"
echo "LDFLAGS .................... ${LDFLAGS}"
echo "LIBS ....................... ${LIBS}"
while true; do
    read -p "Proceed with build? (y/n) " yn
    case $yn in
        [Yy]* ) break;;
        [Nn]* ) exit;;
        * ) echo "Please answer yes or no.";;
    esac
done
echo "$(tput setaf 2)"
echo "###################################################################"
echo "# Fetch Google Protobuf"
echo "###################################################################"
echo "$(tput sgr0)"
(
    if [ -d ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR} ]
    then
        rm -rf ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}
    fi
    cd `dirname ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}`
#如果上面选择从github获取，则这里从github获取，否则从官网下载。
#这两个地方获取的源码是不同的。官网的自带gtest。github则不带。
#我使用的时候，从官网下载是一直没有下载成功过
#从github下载一直抱一个系统缺少宏的错。
    if [ "${USE_GIT_MASTER}" == "YES" ]
    then
        git clone ${PROTOBUF_GIT_URL}
    else
        if [ -d ${PROTOBUF_RELEASE_DIRNAME} ]
        then
            rm -rf "${PROTOBUF_RELEASE_DIRNAME}"
        fi
        curl --location ${PROTOBUF_RELEASE_URL} --output ${PROTOBUF_RELEASE_DIRNAME}.tar.gz
        tar xvf ${PROTOBUF_RELEASE_DIRNAME}.tar.gz
        mv "${PROTOBUF_RELEASE_DIRNAME}" "${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}"
        rm ${PROTOBUF_RELEASE_DIRNAME}.tar.gz
        # Remove the version of Google Test included with the release.
        # We will replace it with version 1.7.0 in a later step.
        if [ -d "${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}/gtest" ]
        then
            rm -r "${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}/gtest"
        fi
    fi
)
echo "$(tput setaf 2)"
echo "###################################################################"
echo "# Fetch Google Test & Prepare the Configure Script"
echo "#   (note: This section is lifted from autogen.sh)"
echo "###################################################################"
echo "$(tput sgr0)"
(
    cd ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}
#这里是去获取gtest的最新版本，从官网获取时自带gtest，但是上面也给去掉了。这里重新获取。
#这一步我也是一直没有下载成功
    # Check that we're being run from the right directory.
    if test ! -f src/google/protobuf/stubs/common.h
    then
        cat >&2 << __EOF__
Could not find source code.  Make sure you are running this script from the
root of the distribution tree.
__EOF__
        exit 1
    fi
    # Check that gtest is present. Older versions of protobuf were stored in SVN
    # and the gtest directory was setup as an SVN external.  Now, protobuf is
    # stored in GitHub and the gtest directory is not included. The commands
    # below will grab the latest version of gtest. Currently that is 1.7.0.
    if test ! -e gtest
    then
        echo "Google Test not present.  Fetching gtest-1.7.0 from the web..."
        curl --location http://googletest.googlecode.com/files/gtest-1.7.0.zip --output gtest-1.7.0.zip
        unzip gtest-1.7.0.zip
        rm gtest-1.7.0.zip
        mv gtest-1.7.0 gtest
    fi
    autoreconf -f -i -Wall,no-obsolete
    rm -rf autom4te.cache config.h.in~
)
###################################################################
# This section contains the build commands to create the native
# protobuf library for Mac OS X.  This is done first so we have
# a copy of the protoc compiler.  It will be used in all of the
# susequent iOS builds.
###################################################################
#以下就是开始编译各种版本的库并打包。顺序执行下去
echo "$(tput setaf 2)"
echo "###################################################################"
echo "# x86_64 for Mac OS X"
echo "###################################################################"
echo "$(tput sgr0)"
if [ "${BUILD_MACOSX_X86_64}" == "YES" ]
then
    (
        cd ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}
        make distclean
        ./configure --disable-shared --prefix=${PREFIX} --exec-prefix=${PREFIX}/platform/x86_64-mac "CC=${CC}" "CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} -arch x86_64" "CXX=${CXX}" "CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS} -arch x86_64" "LDFLAGS=${LDFLAGS}" "LIBS=${LIBS}"
        make
        make check
        make install
    )
fi
PROTOC=${PREFIX}/platform/x86_64-mac/bin/protoc
###################################################################
# This section contains the build commands for each of the 
# architectures that will be included in the universal binaries.
###################################################################
echo "$(tput setaf 2)"
echo "###########################"
echo "# i386 for iPhone Simulator"
echo "###########################"
echo "$(tput sgr0)"
if [ "${BUILD_I386_IOSSIM}" == "YES" ]
then
    (
        cd ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}
        make distclean
        ./configure --build=x86_64-apple-${DARWIN} --host=i386-apple-${DARWIN} --with-protoc=${PROTOC} --disable-shared --prefix=${PREFIX} --exec-prefix=${PREFIX}/platform/i386-sim "CC=${CC}" "CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} -miphoneos-version-min=${MIN_SDK_VERSION} -arch i386 -isysroot ${IPHONESIMULATOR_SYSROOT}" "CXX=${CXX}" "CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS} -arch i386 -isysroot ${IPHONESIMULATOR_SYSROOT}" LDFLAGS="-arch i386 -miphoneos-version-min=${MIN_SDK_VERSION} ${LDFLAGS}" "LIBS=${LIBS}"
        make
        make install
    )
fi
echo "$(tput setaf 2)"
echo "#############################"
echo "# x86_64 for iPhone Simulator"
echo "#############################"
echo "$(tput sgr0)"
if [ "${BUILD_X86_64_IOSSIM}" == "YES" ]
then
    (
        cd ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}
        make distclean
        ./configure --build=x86_64-apple-${DARWIN} --host=x86_64-apple-${DARWIN} --with-protoc=${PROTOC} --disable-shared --prefix=${PREFIX} --exec-prefix=${PREFIX}/platform/x86_64-sim "CC=${CC}" "CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} -miphoneos-version-min=${MIN_SDK_VERSION} -arch x86_64 -isysroot ${IPHONESIMULATOR_SYSROOT}" "CXX=${CXX}" "CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS} -arch x86_64 -isysroot ${IPHONESIMULATOR_SYSROOT}" LDFLAGS="-arch x86_64 -miphoneos-version-min=${MIN_SDK_VERSION} ${LDFLAGS}" "LIBS=${LIBS}"
        make
        make install
    )
fi
echo "$(tput setaf 2)"
echo "##################"
echo "# armv7 for iPhone"
echo "##################"
echo "$(tput sgr0)"
if [ "${BUILD_IOS_ARMV7}" == "YES" ]
then
    (
        cd ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}
        make distclean
        ./configure --build=x86_64-apple-${DARWIN} --host=armv7-apple-${DARWIN} --with-protoc=${PROTOC} --disable-shared --prefix=${PREFIX} --exec-prefix=${PREFIX}/platform/armv7-ios "CC=${CC}" "CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} -miphoneos-version-min=${MIN_SDK_VERSION} -arch armv7 -isysroot ${IPHONEOS_SYSROOT}" "CXX=${CXX}" "CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS} -arch armv7 -isysroot ${IPHONEOS_SYSROOT}" LDFLAGS="-arch armv7 -miphoneos-version-min=${MIN_SDK_VERSION} ${LDFLAGS}" "LIBS=${LIBS}"
        make
        make install
    )
fi
echo "$(tput setaf 2)"
echo "###################"
echo "# armv7s for iPhone"
echo "###################"
echo "$(tput sgr0)"
if [ "${BUILD_IOS_ARMV7S}" == "YES" ]
then
    (
        cd ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}
        make distclean
        ./configure --build=x86_64-apple-${DARWIN} --host=armv7s-apple-${DARWIN} --with-protoc=${PROTOC} --disable-shared --prefix=${PREFIX} --exec-prefix=${PREFIX}/platform/armv7s-ios "CC=${CC}" "CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} -miphoneos-version-min=${MIN_SDK_VERSION} -arch armv7s -isysroot ${IPHONEOS_SYSROOT}" "CXX=${CXX}" "CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS} -arch armv7s -isysroot ${IPHONEOS_SYSROOT}" LDFLAGS="-arch armv7s -miphoneos-version-min=${MIN_SDK_VERSION} ${LDFLAGS}" "LIBS=${LIBS}"
        make
        make install
    )
fi
echo "$(tput setaf 2)"
echo "##################"
echo "# arm64 for iPhone"
echo "##################"
echo "$(tput sgr0)"
if [ "${BUILD_IOS_ARM64}" == "YES" ]
then
    (
        cd ${PROTOBUF_SRC_DIR}
        make distclean
        ./configure --build=x86_64-apple-${DARWIN} --host=arm --with-protoc=${PROTOC} --disable-shared --prefix=${PREFIX} --exec-prefix=${PREFIX}/platform/arm64-ios "CC=${CC}" "CFLAGS=${CFLAGS} -miphoneos-version-min=${MIN_SDK_VERSION} -arch arm64 -isysroot ${IPHONEOS_SYSROOT}" "CXX=${CXX}" "CXXFLAGS=${CXXFLAGS} -arch arm64 -isysroot ${IPHONEOS_SYSROOT}" LDFLAGS="-arch arm64 -miphoneos-version-min=${MIN_SDK_VERSION} ${LDFLAGS}" "LIBS=${LIBS}"
        make
        make install
    )
fi
echo "$(tput setaf 2)"
echo "###################################################################"
echo "# Create Universal Libraries and Finalize the packaging"
echo "###################################################################"
echo "$(tput sgr0)"
(
    cd ${PREFIX}/platform
    mkdir universal
    lipo x86_64-sim/lib/libprotobuf.a i386-sim/lib/libprotobuf.a arm64-ios/lib/libprotobuf.a armv7s-ios/lib/libprotobuf.a armv7-ios/lib/libprotobuf.a -create -output universal/libprotobuf.a
    lipo x86_64-sim/lib/libprotobuf-lite.a i386-sim/lib/libprotobuf-lite.a arm64-ios/lib/libprotobuf-lite.a armv7s-ios/lib/libprotobuf-lite.a armv7-ios/lib/libprotobuf-lite.a -create -output universal/libprotobuf-lite.a
)
(
    cd ${PREFIX}
    mkdir bin
    mkdir lib
    cp -r platform/x86_64-mac/bin/protoc bin
    cp -r platform/x86_64-mac/lib/* lib
    cp -r platform/universal/* lib
    rm -rf platform
    lipo -info lib/libprotobuf.a
    lipo -info lib/libprotobuf-lite.a
)
if [ "${USE_GIT_MASTER}" == "YES" ]
then
    if [ -d "${PREFIX}-master" ]
    then
        rm -rf "${PREFIX}-master"
    fi
    mv "${PREFIX}" "${PREFIX}-master"
else
    if [ -d "${PREFIX}-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}" ]
    then
        rm -rf "${PREFIX}-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}"
    fi
    mv "${PREFIX}" "${PREFIX}-${PROTOBUF_VERSION}"
fi
echo Done!
编译脚本写的很清晰。但是既然我使用脚本下载不能成功，我就只能先把源码下载下来，然后修改脚本，从本地加载文件。一切妥当后，执行编译，顺利完成，生成了各种需要的库。
至此protobuf的集成使用告一段落。

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