用C++创建Windows服务代码
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Create a new C++ project. I used simply Empty Win32 Console Application in Visual Studio.
Coding
Every service has to contain following items :
- A Main Entry point (like any application)
- A Service Entry point
- A Service Control Handler
Before writing Main Entry point we must declare some variables, which will be used in our application, but to correclty do this let's import following header files :
#include <windows.h>#include <tchar.h>#include <strsafe.h>#pragma comment(lib, "advapi32.lib")
First we need SERVICE_STATUS
structure which will provide information about status of our service for Service Control Manager (SCM) .
SERVICE_STATUS g_ServiceStatus = {0};
We need also SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE
that is used to reference our service instance once it is registered with the SCM.
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE g_StatusHandle = NULL;
And there some additional variables, about it I will tell later.
HANDLE g_ServiceStopEvent = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;VOID WINAPI ServiceMain (DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv); //service entry pointVOID WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler (DWORD);DWORD WINAPI ServiceWorkerThread (LPVOID lpParam); //service thread#define SERVICE_NAME _T("My Sample Service"); //here we can write the visible name of our service
Application Main Entry point
int _tmain (int argc, TCHAR *argv[]){ SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY ServiceTable[] = { {SERVICE_NAME, (LPSERVICE_MAIN_FUNCTION) ServiceMain}, {NULL, NULL} }; if (StartServiceCtrlDispatcher (ServiceTable) == FALSE) { return GetLastError (); } return 0;}
In the main entry point you quickly call StartServiceCtrlDispatcher
so the SCM can call your Service Entry point (ServiceMain
in the example above). You want to defer any initialization until your Service Entry point, which is defined next.
Service entry point
VOID WINAPI ServiceMain (DWORD argc, LPTSTR *argv){ DWORD Status = E_FAIL; // Register our service control handler with the SCM g_StatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler (SERVICE_NAME, ServiceCtrlHandler); if (g_StatusHandle == NULL) { goto EXIT; } // Tell the service controller we are starting ZeroMemory (&g_ServiceStatus, sizeof (g_ServiceStatus)); g_ServiceStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS; g_ServiceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = 0; g_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING; g_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0; g_ServiceStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0; g_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0; if (SetServiceStatus (g_StatusHandle , &g_ServiceStatus) == FALSE) { OutputDebugString(_T( "My Sample Service: ServiceMain: SetServiceStatus returned error")); } /* * Perform tasks necessary to start the service here */ // Create a service stop event to wait on later g_ServiceStopEvent = CreateEvent (NULL, TRUE, FALSE, NULL); if (g_ServiceStopEvent == NULL) { // Error creating event // Tell service controller we are stopped and exit g_ServiceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = 0; g_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED; g_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = GetLastError(); g_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 1; if (SetServiceStatus (g_StatusHandle, &g_ServiceStatus) == FALSE) { OutputDebugString(_T( "My Sample Service: ServiceMain: SetServiceStatus returned error")); } goto EXIT; } // Tell the service controller we are started g_ServiceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP; g_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING; g_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0; g_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0; if (SetServiceStatus (g_StatusHandle, &g_ServiceStatus) == FALSE) { OutputDebugString(_T( "My Sample Service: ServiceMain: SetServiceStatus returned error")); } // Start a thread that will perform the main task of the service HANDLE hThread = CreateThread (NULL, 0, ServiceWorkerThread, NULL, 0, NULL); // Wait until our worker thread exits signaling that the service needs to stop WaitForSingleObject (hThread, INFINITE); /* * Perform any cleanup tasks */ CloseHandle (g_ServiceStopEvent); // Tell the service controller we are stopped g_ServiceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = 0; g_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED; g_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0; g_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 3; if (SetServiceStatus (g_StatusHandle, &g_ServiceStatus) == FALSE) { OutputDebugString(_T( "My Sample Service: ServiceMain: SetServiceStatus returned error")); }EXIT: return;}
Here we have following tasks :
- Initialize all necessary tasks from App Main Point
- Register the service control handler which will handle Service Stop, Pause, Continue, Shutdown, etc control commands. These are registered via the
dwControlsAccepted
field of theSERVICE_STATUS
structure as a bit mask. - Set Service Status to
SERVICE_PENDING
then toSERVICE_RUNNING
. Set status toSERVICE_STOPPED
on any errors and on exit. Always setSERVICE_STATUS.dwControlsAccepted
to 0 when setting status toSERVICE_STOPPED
orSERVICE_PENDING
. - Perform start up tasks. Like creating threads/events/mutex/IPCs/etc.
Service Controller Handler
VOID WINAPI ServiceCtrlHandler (DWORD CtrlCode){ switch (CtrlCode) { case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP : if (g_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState != SERVICE_RUNNING) break; /* * Perform tasks necessary to stop the service here */ g_ServiceStatus.dwControlsAccepted = 0; g_ServiceStatus.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOP_PENDING; g_ServiceStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = 0; g_ServiceStatus.dwCheckPoint = 4; if (SetServiceStatus (g_StatusHandle, &g_ServiceStatus) == FALSE) { OutputDebugString(_T( "My Sample Service: ServiceCtrlHandler: SetServiceStatus returned error")); } // This will signal the worker thread to start shutting down SetEvent (g_ServiceStopEvent); break; default: break; }}
The Service Control Handler was registered in your Service Main Entry point. Each service must have a handler to handle control requests from the SCM. The control handler must return within 30 seconds or the SCM will return an error stating that the service is not responding. This is because the handler will be called in the context of the SCM and will hold the SCM until it returns from the handler.
And now we're going to the penultimate step :
Service working thread
WORD WINAPI ServiceWorkerThread (LPVOID lpParam){ // Periodically check if the service has been requested to stop while (WaitForSingleObject(g_ServiceStopEvent, 0) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) { /* * Perform main service function here */ // Simulate some work by sleeping Sleep(3000); } return ERROR_SUCCESS;}
This sample Service Worker Thread does nothing but sleep and check to see if the service has received a control to stop. Once a stop control has been received the Service Control Handler sets the g_ServiceStopEvent
event. The Service Worker Thread breaks and exits. This signals the Service Main routine to return and effectively stop the service.
Installing and uninstalling the service
Installing the service
Every services have to be installed into the OS. To do that type that command in cmd line :
sc create "The name of service" binPath= C:\OurExecutableFileWithService.exe
Uninstalling the service
If we want use service never more, we should uninstall service from Windows.
sc delete "The name of service"
Other possibilities
There is also a possibility to install and uninstall(and also manage) a service directly from application - to do that read about CServiceHelper class.
This tutorial has been written based on :
- http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb540476%28v=VS.85%29.aspx
- http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/499465/Simple-Windows-Service-in-Cplusplus
- http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/windowsdesktop/CppWindowsService-cacf4948
- http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/40xe80wx%28v=vs.90%29.aspx
- http://www.asawicki.info/news_1404_coding_windows_services_in_c.html
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