Unity技巧集合

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这篇文章将收集unity的相关技巧，会不断地更新内容。

1）保存运行中的状态

unity在运行状态时是不能够保存的。但在运行时编辑的时候，有时会发现比较好的效果想保存。这时可以在 “Hierarchy”中复制相关对象树，暂停游戏后替换原来的，就可以了。

2）Layer的用法

LayerMask.NameToLayer("Ground"); // 通过名字获取layer【狗刨学习网】

3D Raycast

[csharp] view plaincopy

RaycastHit hit;
if(Physics.Raycast(cam3d.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition), out hit, Mathf.Infinity, (1<<layermask.nametolayer("ground")))) {=""
...
}

2D Raycast

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Collider2D h = Physics2D.OverlapPoint(cam2d.ScreenToWorldPoint(Input.mousePosition), (1<<layermask.nametolayer("xxx")));
if(h) {
...
}

3）物理摄像头取色(WebCamTexture)

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Texture2D exactCamData() {
// get the sample pixels
Texture2D snap = new Texture2D((int)detectSize.x, (int)detectSize.y);
snap.SetPixels(webcamTexture.GetPixels((int)detectStart.x, (int)detectStart.y, (int)detectSize.x, (int)detectSize.y));
snap.Apply();
return snap;
}

保存截图：

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System.IO.File.WriteAllBytes(Application.dataPath + "/test.png", exactCamData().EncodeToPNG());

4) 操作componenent

添加：

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CircleCollider2D cld = (CircleCollider2D)colorYuan.AddComponent(typeof(CircleCollider2D));
cld.radius = 1;

删除：

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Destroy(transform.gameObject.GetComponent());

5）动画相关

状态Init到状态fsShake的的条件为：参数shake＝＝true；代码中的写法：

触发fsShake：

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void Awake() {
anims = new Animator[(int)FColorType.ColorNum];
}
....
if(needShake) {
curAnim.SetTrigger("shake");
}

关闭fsShake

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void Update() {
....
if(curAnim) {
AnimatorStateInfo stateInfo = curAnim.GetCurrentAnimatorStateInfo(0);
if(stateInfo.nameHash == Animator.StringToHash("Base Layer.fsShake")) {
curAnim.SetBool("shake", false);
curAnim = null;
print ("======>>>>> stop shake!!!!");
}
}
....
}

6）scene的切换

同步方式：

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Application.LoadLevel(currentName);

异步方式：

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Application.LoadLevelAsync("ARScene");

7）加载资源

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Resources.Load(string.Format("{0}{1:D2}", mPrefix, 5));

8）Tag VS. Layer

－> Tag用来查询对象

－> Layer用来确定哪些物体可以被raycast，还有用在camera render中

9）旋转

transform.eulerAngles 可以访问 rotate的 xyz

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transform.RotateAround(pivotTransVector, Vector3.up, -0.5f * (tmp-preX) * speed);

10）保存数据

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PlayerPrefs.SetInt("isInit_" + Application.loadedLevelName, 1);

11）动画编码

http://www.cnblogs.com/lopezycj/archive/2012/05/18/Unity3d_AnimationEvent.html

http://game.ceeger.com/Components/animeditor-AnimationEvents.html

http://answers.unity3d.com/questions/8172/how-to-add-new-curves-or-animation-events-to-an-im.html

12) 遍历子对象

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Transform[] transforms = target.GetComponentsInChildren[tr]();
for (int i = 0, imax = transforms.Length; i < imax; ++i) {
Transform t = transforms;
t.gameObject.SendMessage(functionName, gameObject, SendMessageOptions.DontRequireReceiver);
}

13)音效的播放

先添加Auido Source，设置Audio Clip, 也可以在代码中加入。然后在代码中调用audio.Play(), 参考如下代码：

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public AudioClip aClip;
...
void Start () {
...
audio.clip = aClips;
audio.Play();
...
}

另外，如果是3d音效的话，需要调整audio Souce中的panLevel才能听到声音，不清楚原因。

14）调试技巧(Debug)

可以在OnDrawGizmos函数来进行矩形区域等，达到调试的目的，请参考NGUI中的UIDraggablePanel.cs文件中的那个函数实现。

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#if UNITY_EDITOR
///
/// Draw a visible orange outline of the bounds.
///
void OnDrawGizmos ()
{
if (mPanel != null)
{
Bounds b = bounds;
Gizmos.matrix = transform.localToWorldMatrix;
Gizmos.color = new Color(1f, 0.4f, 0f);
Gizmos.DrawWireCube(new Vector3(b.center.x, b.center.y, b.min.z), new Vector3(b.size.x, b.size.y, 0f));
}
}
#endif

15）延时相关( StartCoroutine)

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StartCoroutine(DestoryPlayer());
...
IEnumerator DestoryPlayer() {
Instantiate(explosionPrefab, transform.position, transform.rotation);
gameObject.renderer.enabled = false;
yield return new WaitForSeconds(1.5f);
gameObject.renderer.enabled = true;
}

16）Random做种子

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Random.seed = System.Environment.TickCount;
或者
Random.seed = System.DateTime.Today.Millisecond;

17) 调试技巧(debug)，可以把值方便地在界面上打印出来

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void OnGUI() {
GUILayout.Label("deltaTime is: " + Time.deltaTime);
}

18）分发消息

sendMessage, BroadcastMessage等

19) 游戏暂停（对timeScale进行设置）

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Time.timeScale = 0;

20) 实例化一个prefab

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Rigidbody2D propInstance = Instantiate(backgroundProp, spawnPos, Quaternion.identity) as Rigidbody2D;

21)Lerp函数的使用场景

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// Set the health bar's colour to proportion of the way between green and red based on the player's health.
healthBar.material.color = Color.Lerp(Color.green, Color.red, 1 - health * 0.01f);

22）在特定位置播放声音

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// Play the bomb laying sound.
AudioSource.PlayClipAtPoint(bombsAway,transform.position);

23) 浮点数相等的判断(由于浮点数有误差, 所以判断的时候最好不要用等号,尤其是计算出来的结果)

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if (Mathf.Approximately(1.0, 10.0/10.0))
print ("same");

24）通过脚本修改shader中uniform的值

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//shader的写法
Properties {
...
disHeight ("threshold distance", Float) = 3
}
SubShader {
Pass {
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
...
uniform float disHeight;
...
// ===================================
// 修改shader中的disHeight的值
gameObject.renderer.sharedMaterial.SetFloat("disHeight", height);

25) 获取当前level的名称

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Application.loadedLevelName

26）双击事件

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void OnGUI() {
Event Mouse = Event.current;
if ( Mouse.isMouse && Mouse.type == EventType.MouseDown && Mouse.clickCount == 2) {
print("Double Click");
}
}

27) 日期：

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System.DateTime dd = System.DateTime.Now;
GUILayout.Label(dd.ToString("M/d/yyyy"));

28) RootAnimation中移动的脚本处理

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class RootControl : MonoBehaviour {
void OnAnimatorMove() {
Animator anim = GetComponent();
if(anim) {
Vector3 newPos = transform.position;
newPos.z += anim.GetFloat("Runspeed") * Time.deltaTime;
transform.position = newPos;
}
}
}

29) BillBoard效果（广告牌效果，或者向日葵效果，使得对象重视面向摄像机）

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public class BillBoard : MonoBehaviour {
// Update is called once per frame
void Update () {
transform.LookAt(Camera.main.transform.position, -Vector3.up);
}
}

30）script中的属性编辑器（Property Drawers），还可以自定义属性编辑器

【狗刨学习网】

其中Popup好像无效，但是enum类型的变量，能够达到Popup的效果

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public class Example : MonoBehaviour {
public string playerName = "Unnamed";
[Multiline]
public string playerBiography = "Please enter your biography";
[Popup ("Warrior", "Mage", "Archer", "Ninja")]
public string @class = "Warrior";
[Popup ("Human/Local", "Human/Network", "AI/Easy", "AI/Normal", "AI/Hard")]
public string controller;
[Range (0, 100)]
public float health = 100;
[Regex (@"^(?:d{1,3}.){3}d{1,3}$", "Invalid IP address!Example: '127.0.0.1'")]
public string serverAddress = "192.168.0.1";
[Compact]
public Vector3 forward = Vector3.forward;
[Compact]
public Vector3 target = new Vector3 (100, 200, 300);
public ScaledCurve range;
public ScaledCurve falloff;
[Angle]
public float turnRate = (Mathf.PI / 3) * 2;
}

31)Mobile下面使用lightmapping问题的解决方案

在mobile模式下，lightmapping可能没有反应，可以尝试使用mobile下的shader

32) Unity下画线的功能（用于debug）

【狗刨学习网】
[csharp] view plaincopy

Debug.DrawLine (Vector3.zero, new Vector3 (10, 0, 0), Color.red);

33）Shader中代码的复用（CGINCLUDE的使用）【狗刨学习网】

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Shader "Self-Illumin/AngryBots/InterlacePatternAdditive" {
Properties {
_MainTex ("Base", 2D) = "white" {}
//...
}
CGINCLUDE
#include "UnityCG.cginc"
sampler2D _MainTex;
//...
struct v2f {
half4 pos : SV_POSITION;
half2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
half2 uv2 : TEXCOORD1;
};
v2f vert(appdata_full v) {
v2f o;
// ...
return o;
}
fixed4 frag( v2f i ) : COLOR {
// ...
return colorTex;
}
ENDCG
SubShader {
Tags {"RenderType" = "Transparent" "Queue" = "Transparent" "Reflection" = "RenderReflectionTransparentAdd" }
Cull Off
ZWrite Off
Blend One One
Pass {
CGPROGRAM
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#pragma fragmentoption ARB_precision_hint_fastest
ENDCG
}
}
FallBack Off
}

34)获取AnimationCurve的时长

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_curve.keys[_curve.length-1].time;

35)C#中string转变成byte[]：

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byte[] b1 = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes (myString);
byte[] b2 = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes (myString);
System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(sPara)
new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(cpara);
char[] cpara=new char[bpara.length];
for(int i=0;i <bpara.length;i ++){char="system.convert.tochar(bpara);}"

36) 排序

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list.Sort(delegate(Object a, Object b) { return a.name.CompareTo(b.name); });

37) NGUI的相关类关系：

38）使得脚本能够在editor中实时反映：

在脚本前加上：[ExecuteInEditMode]，参考UISprite。

39）隐藏相关属性

属性前加上 [HideInInspector]，在shader中也适用;

比如：

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public class ResourceLoad : MonoBehaviour {
[HideInInspector] public string ressName = "Sphere";
public string baseUrl = "http://192.168.56.101/ResUpdate/{0}.assetbundle";

[csharp] view plaincopy

Shader "stalendp/imageShine" {
Properties {
[HideInInspector] _image ("image", 2D) = "white" {}
_percent ("_percent", Range(-5, 5)) = 1
_angle("_angle", Range(0, 1)) = 0
}

40）属性的序列化

可被序列化的属性，可以显示在Inspector面板上（可以使用HideInInspector来隐藏）；public属性默认是可被序列化的，private默认是不可序列化的。使得private属性可被序列化，可以使用[SerializeField]来修饰。如下：

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[SerializeField] private string ressName = "Sphere";

41）Shader编译的多样化（Making multiple shader program variants）

shader通常如下的写法：

#pragma multi_compile FANCY_STUFF_OFF FANCY_STUFF_ON 这样可以把Shader编译成多个版本。使用的时候，局部设置Material.EnableKeyword， DisableKeyword；或则全局设置Shader.EnableKeyword and DisableKeyword进行设置。42）多个scene共享内容[csharp] view plaincopy

void Awake() {
DontDestroyOnLoad(transform.gameObject);
}

43) 使用Animation播放unity制作的AnimationClip：首先需要设置AnimationType的类型为1 （需要在animationClip的Debug模式的属性中进行设置，如下图。另外，如果需要在animator中播放动画，需要类型为2）；代码如下：[csharp] view plaincopy

string clipName = "currentClip";
AnimationClip clip = ...;
// 设置animationClip
if (anim == null) {
anim = gameObject.AddComponent();
}
anim.AddClip(clip, clipName);
anim[clipName].speed = _speedScale;
// 计算时间
float duration = anim[clipName].length;
duration /= _speedScale;
// 播放动画
anim.Play(clipName);
yield return new WaitForSeconds(duration + 0.1f);
// 动画结束动作
anim.Stop();
anim.RemoveClip(clipName);

44) RenderTexture的全屏效果cs端：[csharp] view plaincopy

MeshFilter mesh = quard.GetComponent ();
// 创建和摄像机相关的renderTexture
RenderTexture rTex = new RenderTexture ((int)cam.pixelWidth, (int)cam.pixelHeight, 16);
cam.targetTexture = rTex;
mesh.renderer.material.mainTexture = rTex;

shader端：[csharp] view plaincopy

#include "UnityCG.cginc"
sampler2D _MainTex;
sampler2D _NoiseTex;
struct v2f {
half4 pos:SV_POSITION;
half2 uv : TEXCOORD0;
float4 srcPos: TEXCOORD1;
};
v2f vert(appdata_full v) {
v2f o;
o.pos = mul (UNITY_MATRIX_MVP, v.vertex);
o.uv = v.texcoord.xy;
o.srcPos = ComputeScreenPos(o.pos);
return o;
}
fixed4 frag(v2f i) : COLOR0 {
float tmp = saturate(1-(length(i.uv-float2(0.5,0.5)))*2)*0.04;
float2 wcoord = (i.srcPos.xy/i.srcPos.w) + tex2D(_NoiseTex, i.uv) * tmp - tmp/2;
return tex2D(_MainTex, wcoord);
}

45)使用RenderTexture制作屏幕特效：[csharp] view plaincopy

[ExecuteInEditMode]
public class MyScreenEffect : MonoBehaviour {
...
void OnRenderImage(RenderTexture source, RenderTexture dest) {
Graphics.Blit(source, dest, material);
}
}

如果需要多次渲染，需要使用RenderTexture.GetTemporary生成临时的RenderTexture，这个方法会从unity维护的池中获取，所以在使用完RenderTexture后，尽快调用RenderTexture.ReleaseTemporary使之返回池中。 RenderTexture存在于GPU的DRAM中，具体实现可以参考Cocos2dx中的写法来理解（CCRenderTexture.cpp中有具体实现）。GPU的架构特定条件下暂停unity在调试战斗的时候，需要在特定条件下暂停unity，以便查看一些对象的设置。可以使用Debug.Break();来达到目的。这是需要处于debug模式，才能够达到效果。47）在特定exception发生时暂停执行；默认情况下，unity在遇到异常时，是不会停止执行的。但是如果要在nullReferenceException等exception发生时，进行调试。可以在MonoDevelop的菜单中选择Run/Exceptions..., 做相关设置

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