执行make menucofig发生错误“Unable to find the ncurses libraries or the required header files”的解决方法

起始

执行 make menuconfig 有错误发生
错误:
*** Unable to find the ncurses libraries or the
*** required header files.
*** 'make menuconfig' requires the ncurses libraries.
***
*** Install ncurses (ncurses-devel) and try again.
***
make[1]: *** [scripts/kconfig/dochecklxdialog] 错误 1
make: *** [menuconfig] 错误2

可以看出，是因为找不到 ncurses 导致的错误。那么尝试安装 ncurses
$sudo apt-get install ncurses
信息：
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
读取状态信息... 完成
现在没有可用的软件包 ncurses , 但是它被其他的软件包引用了。
这可能意味着这个缺失的软件包可能已被废弃，
或者只能在其他发布源中找到
E： 软件包 ncurses 还没有可供安装的候选者

根据http://www.linuxquestions.org/qu ... nfig-archum-311781/
再试：
$sudo apt-get install libncurses*
信息：
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
读取状态信息... 完成
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncurses4
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncurses5
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncurses-ruby1.8
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncurses-ryby1.9
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncurses-dev
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncursesw5-dbg
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncursesw5-dev
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncurses-ruby
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncurses5-dbg
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncurses5-dev
注意，根据正则表达式“libncurses*” 选中了 libncursesw5
已经不需要下列自动安装的软件包：
libchewing3-data ttf-wqy-zenhei scim-chewing thunderbird-locale-zh-tw language-support-translations-zh
libchewing3 xfonts-wqy openoffice.org-l10n-zh-cn openoffice.org-l10n-zh-tw openoffice.org-help-zh-cn
openoffice.org-help-zh-tw language-support-fonts-zh
使用‘apt-get autoremove’ 来删除它们。
将会安装下列额外的软件包：
libncurses-ruby libncurses-ruby1.8 libncurses-ruby1.9 libncurses4 libncurses5-dbg libncurses5-dev
libncursesw5-dbg libncursesw5-dev libruby1.8 libruby1.9 ruby1.8 ruby1.9
建议安装的软件包：
rdoc1.8 ri1.8 ruby1.8-examples rdoc1.9 ri1.9 ruby1.9-examples
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
libncurses-ruby libncurses-ruby1.8 libncurses-ruby1.9 libncurses4 libncurses5-dbg libncurses5-dev
libncursesw5-dbg libncursesw5-dev libruby1.8 libruby1.9 ruby1.8 ruby1.9
共升级了0个软件包，新安装了12个软件包，要卸载0个软件包，有60个软件未被升级。
需要下载8868kB的软件包。
操作完成后，会消耗掉33.9MB的额外磁盘空间。
您希望继续执行吗？[Y/n]

选择Y继续执行，完成后，执行sudo make menuconfig，OK！！

不过make xconfig还是不行
$ sudo make xconfig
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC scripts/basic/docproc
CHECK qt
*
* Unable to find the QT3 installation. Please make sure that
* the QT3 development package is correctly installed and
* either install pkg-config or set the QTDIR environment
* variable to the correct location.
*
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
sed < scripts/kconfig/lkc_proto.h > scripts/kconfig/lkc_defs.h 's/P(\([^,]*\),.*/#define \1 (\*\1_p)/'
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kconfig_load.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
make[1]: *** 没有规则可以创建“scripts/kconfig/qconf.o” 需要的目标“scripts/kconfig/.tmp_qtcheck” 。 停止。
make: ***[xconfig] 错误2

根据http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/viewtopic.php?t=110461&highlight=
知道在正常步骤下，除了安装ncurses外，还要安装build-essential 和 kernel-package
好吧，先开始查询一下，从kernel-package开始吧，毕竟带着kernel，估计比较重要

查询kernel-package信息
$ apt-cache show kernel-package
Package: kernel-package
Priority: optional
Section: misc
Installed-Size: 2192
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <[e-mail]>
Original-Maintainer: Manoj Srivastava <[e-mail]>
Architecture: all
Version: 11.001
Depends: perl, dpkg (>= 1.4), dpkg-dev (>= 1.4.0.9), gcc | c-compiler, make (>= 3.80-10), po-debconf, gettext, file
Recommends: libc6-dev | libc-dev, bzip2
Suggests: linux-source | kernel-source, libdb3-dev, libncurses-dev, docbook-utils
Filename: pool/main/k/kernel-package/kernel-package_11.001_all.deb
Size: 510452
MD5sum: fd820c2e3970fc8d300aef4a2b9e15ca
SHA1: 34924f84fe4cd604869bf4717d4c0230b3117291
SHA256: 3ff71a3e2e69d5073310e8e83fc982baefec983af7139ed7cc7a4ce6cf42c38a
Description: A utility for building Linux kernel related Debian packages.
This package provides the capability to create a debian kernel-image
package by just running make-kpkg kernel_image in a kernel source
directory tree. It can also package the relevant kernel headers into
a kernel-headers package. In general, this package is very useful if
you need to create a custom kernel, if, for example, the default
kernel does not support some of your hardware, or you wish a leaner,
meaner kernel. It also scripts the steps that need be taken to
compile the kernel, which is quite convenient (forgetting a crucial
step once was the initial motivation for this package). Please look at
/usr/share/doc/kernel-package/Rationale.gz for a full list of advantages
of this package.
Bugs: mailto:[e-mail]
Origin: Ubuntu

Package: kernel-package
Priority: optional
Section: misc
Installed-Size: 1316
Maintainer: Manoj Srivastava <[e-mail]>
Architecture: all
Version: 9.001ubuntu15
Depends: perl, dpkg (>= 1.4), dpkg-dev (>= 1.4.0.9), gcc | c-compiler, make
Recommends: libc6-dev | libc-dev, bzip2
Suggests: linux-source, libdb3-dev, libncurses-dev, docbook-utils
Filename: pool/main/k/kernel-package/kernel-package_9.001ubuntu15_all.deb
Size: 362410
MD5sum: dc01de7ad43dcb769eadfd4f018c2a78
Description: A utility for building Linux kernel related Debian packages.
This package provides the capability to create a debian kernel-image
package by just running make-kpkg kernel_image in a kernel source
directory tree. It can also package the relevant kernel headers into
a kernel-headers package. In general, this package is very useful if
you need to create a custom kernel, if, for example, the default
kernel does not support some of your hardware, or you wish a leaner,
meaner kernel. It also scripts the steps that need be taken to
compile the kernel, which is quite convenient (forgetting a crucial
step once was the initial motivation for this package). Please look at
/usr/share/doc/kernel-package/Rationale.gz for a full list of advantages
of this package.
.
If you are running on an intel x86 platform, and you wish to compile a
custom kernel (why else are you considering this package?), then you may
need the package bin86 as well. (This is not required on other platforms).
Bugs: mailto:[e-mail]
Origin: Ubuntu

好多信息，不知道能不能看得懂，算了，看一下安装好了没
$ apt-cache policy kernel-package
kernel-package:
已安装： （无）
候选的软件包：11.001
版本列表：
11.001 0
500 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com hardy/main Packages
9.001ubuntu15 0
500 http://ubuntu.cn99.com dapper/main Packages

这个信息就简单多了，没有安装！那么开始安装吧
$ sudo apt-get install kernel-package
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
读取状态信息... 完成
已经不需要下列自动安装的软件包：
libchewing3-data ttf-wqy-zenhei scim-chewing thunderbird-locale-zh-tw language-support-translations-zh
libchewing3 xfonts-wqy openoffice.org-l10n-zh-cn openoffice.org-l10n-zh-tw openoffice.org-help-zh-cn
openoffice.org-help-zh-tw language-support-fonts-zh
使用‘apt-get autoremove’ 来删除它们。
将会安装下列额外的软件包：
dpkg-dev gettext intltool-debian libtimedate-perl patch po-debconf
建议安装的软件包：
debian-keyring cvs gettext-doc linux-source kernel-source libdb3-dev docbook-utils diff-doc
推荐安装的软件包：
build-essential libmail-sendmail-perl libcompress-zlib-perl libmail-box-perl
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
dpkg-dev gettext intltool-debian kernel-package libtimedate-perl patch po-debconf
共升级了0个软件包，新安装了7个软件包，要卸载0个软件包，有60个软件未被升级。
需要下载3436kB的软件包。
操作完成后，会消耗掉12.8MB的额外磁盘空间。
您希望继续执行吗？[Y/n]

然后轮到build-essential
查询build-essential信息
$ apt-cache show build-essential
Package: build-essential
Priority: optional
Section: devel
Installed-Size: 48
Maintainer: Ubuntu Core Developers <[e-mail]>
Original-Maintainer: Matthias Klose <[e-mail]>
Architecture: i386
Version: 11.3ubuntu1
Depends: libc6-dev | libc-dev, gcc (>= 4:4.1.1), g++ (>= 4:4.1.1), make, dpkg-dev (>= 1.13.5)
Filename: pool/main/b/build-essential/build-essential_11.3ubuntu1_i386.deb
Size: 7066
MD5sum: dbf21241506cb04fc6f67a93aaaf991b
SHA1: aef5b9f76a05ea23c0370eab53ef0d20b4dac1f5
SHA256: 7d3b5efbd44c8e8186e33e3b0e9585fc8a86f4b1cd328f10e3c4a594e50f9da5
Description-zh_CN: 编译程序必须软件包的列表信息
如果您 不打算编译Debian软件包，就不需要安装此软件包。而且要编译Debian软件包，此软件包也不是必须的。
本软件包包含一个列表，表中列出了在编译Debian软件包时所必须的软件包。本软件包依赖于列表中的软件，这样，安装编译程序必须的软件包就会很简单。
如果安装了此软件包，在编译软件包时，你只需要安装其特别要求的编译时依赖关系。反过来说，在确定软件包的依赖关系的时候，您 完全可以忽略此软件包所依赖的这些包。
本软件包并不是定义那些软件包是编译必须的;真正的定义在Debian策略手册中。本软件包仅包含一个大家都需要的列表。然而，如果此软件包和手册发生冲突，以手册为准。
Bugs: mailto:[e-mail]
Origin: Ubuntu

查询安装状态
$ apt-cache policy build-essential
build-essential:
已安装：（无）
候选的软件包：11.3ubuntu1
版本列表：
11.3ubuntu1 0
500 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com hardy/main Packages
11.1 0
500 http://ubuntu.cn99.com dapper/main Packages

没有安装，那装上吧
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
读取状态信息... 完成
已经不需要下列自动安装的软件包：
libchewing3-data ttf-wqy-zenhei scim-chewing thunderbird-locale-zh-tw language-support-translations-zh
libchewing3 xfonts-wqy openoffice.org-l10n-zh-cn openoffice.org-l10n-zh-tw openoffice.org-help-zh-cn
openoffice.org-help-zh-tw language-support-fonts-zh
使用‘apt-get autoremove’ 来删除它们。
将会安装下列额外的软件包：
g++ g++-4.2 libstdc++6-4.2-dev
建议安装的软件包：
g++-multilib g++-4.2-multilib gcc-4.2-doc libstdc++6-4.2-dbg libstdc++6-4.2-doc
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
build-essential g++ g++-4.2 libstdc++6-4.2-dev
共升级了0个软件包，新安装了4个软件包，要卸载0个软件包，有60个软件未被升级。
需要下载3979kB的软件包。
操作完成后，会消耗掉15.0MB的额外磁盘空间。
您希望继续执行吗？[Y/n]

运行make xconfig，错误提示还是一样，
HOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdep
HOSTCC scripts/basic/docproc
CHECK qt
*
* Unable to find the QT3 installation. Please make sure that
* the QT3 development package is correctly installed and
* either install pkg-config or set the QTDIR environment
* variable to the correct location.
*
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o
sed < scripts/kconfig/lkc_proto.h > scripts/kconfig/lkc_defs.h 's/P(\([^,]*\),.*/#define \1 (\*\1_p)/'
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kconfig_load.o
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.o
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.c
SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
make[1]: *** 没有规则可以创建“scripts/kconfig/qconf.o” 需要的目标“scripts/kconfig/.tmp_qtcheck” 。 停止。
make: ***[xconfig] 错误2

安装QT库
$ sudo apt-get install libqt3-headers libqt3-mt-dev
正在读取软件包列表... 完成
正在分析软件包的依赖关系树
读取状态信息... 完成
已经不需要下列自动安装的软件包：
libchewing3-data ttf-wqy-zenhei scim-chewing thunderbird-locale-zh-tw language-support-translations-zh
libchewing3 xfonts-wqy openoffice.org-l10n-zh-cn openoffice.org-l10n-zh-tw openoffice.org-help-zh-cn
openoffice.org-help-zh-tw language-support-fonts-zh
使用‘apt-get autoremove’ 来删除它们。
将会安装下列额外的软件包：
comerr-dev libaudio-dev libcupsys2-dev libexpat1-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgcrypt11-dev
libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libgnutls-dev libgnutlsxx13 libgpg-error-dev libice-dev libjpeg62-dev
libkadm55 libkrb5-dev liblcms1-dev liblzo2-dev libmng-dev libopencdk10-dev libpng12-dev libpthread-stubs0
libpthread-stubs0-dev libsm-dev libtasn1-3-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev libxcb-xlib0-dev libxcb1-dev
libxcursor-dev libxdmcp-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxft-dev libxi-dev libxinerama-dev libxmu-dev
libxmu-headers libxrandr-dev libxrender-dev libxt-dev mesa-common-dev x11proto-core-dev x11proto-fixes-dev
x11proto-input-dev x11proto-kb-dev x11proto-randr-dev x11proto-render-dev x11proto-xext-dev
x11proto-xinerama-dev xtrans-dev
建议安装的软件包：
doc-base libgcrypt11-doc gnutls-bin gnutls-doc krb5-doc libqt3-i18n qt3-doc
推荐安装的软件包：
libqt3-compat-headers
下列【新】软件包将被安装：
comerr-dev libaudio-dev libcupsys2-dev libexpat1-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libgcrypt11-dev
libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev libgnutls-dev libgnutlsxx13 libgpg-error-dev libice-dev libjpeg62-dev
libkadm55 libkrb5-dev liblcms1-dev liblzo2-dev libmng-dev libopencdk10-dev libpng12-dev libpthread-stubs0
libpthread-stubs0-dev libqt3-headers libqt3-mt-dev libsm-dev libtasn1-3-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev
libxcb-xlib0-dev libxcb1-dev libxcursor-dev libxdmcp-dev libxext-dev libxfixes-dev libxft-dev libxi-dev
libxinerama-dev libxmu-dev libxmu-headers libxrandr-dev libxrender-dev libxt-dev mesa-common-dev
x11proto-core-dev x11proto-fixes-dev x11proto-input-dev x11proto-kb-dev x11proto-randr-dev x11proto-render-dev
x11proto-xext-dev x11proto-xinerama-dev xtrans-dev
共升级了0个软件包，新安装了53个软件包，要卸载0个软件包，有60个软件未被升级。
需要下载8933kB的软件包。
操作完成后，会消耗掉33.0MB的额外磁盘空间。
您希望继续执行吗？[Y/n]

选Y安装后，再安装建议软件包
$ sudo apt-get install libqt3-compat-headers

执行
$sudo make xconfig
OK!