C# WinForm构架下的DirectX框架

 

 1） 应用程序框架

 

  启动时加载DirectX

  #region < program.cs > //Application.Run(new Form1()); using (Form1 frm = new Form1()) { if (!frm.InitilizeGraphics()) { MessageBox.Show("Failed To Initilize Directx", "Error", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); return; } frm.Show(); while (frm.Created) { frm.Render(); Application.DoEvents(); } } #endregion 

Device设备初始化,只执行一次

#region InitilizeGraphics public virtual bool InitilizeGraphics() { try { PresentParameters presentParm = new PresentParameters(); presentParm.Windowed = true; //窗口中显示，不能全屏 presentParm.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard; //后备缓存交换方式 presentParm.EnableAutoDepthStencil = true; //Enable自动深度测试 presentParm.AutoDepthStencilFormat = DepthFormat.D16;//深度缓冲区但愿：16 bit 二进制 device = new Device(0, DeviceType.Hardware, this, CreateFlags.SoftwareVertexProcessing, presentParm); //建立设备对象 //要使用窗体控件，this -> panel1 device.DeviceReset += new EventHandler(OnResetDevice); this.OnCreateDevice(device, null); this.OnResetDevice(device, null); } catch (DirectXException) { return false; } return true; } #endregion

 

 Deivce 初始化工作，只调用一次：

#region OnCreateDevice public virtual void OnCreateDevice(object sender, EventArgs e) {#region eg 3.2verts = new CustomVertex.TransformedColored[3];float z = 0.5F;verts[0].Position = new Vector4(150F, 50F, z, 1F);verts[0].Color = Color.Aqua.ToArgb();verts[1].Position = new Vector4(250F, 250F, z, 1F);verts[1].Color = Color.Brown.ToArgb();verts[2].Position = new Vector4(50F, 250F, z, 1F);verts[2].Color = Color.LightPink.ToArgb();#endregion } #endregion

 

 窗口发生变化 -> Device 参数变化

#region OnResetDevice public virtual void OnResetDevice(object sender, EventArgs e) { #region < expample 4.4 Transform > Device dev = (Device)sender; dev.RenderState.CullMode = Cull.None; dev.RenderState.Lighting = false; #endregion } #endregion 

渲染，显示过程

#region < Render 渲染 > public virtual void Render() { if ((device == null)) return; if (pRender) return; device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer, Color.White, 1F, 0); //初始化目标窗口和深度缓冲区 //背景颜色 //1F,0 device.BeginScene();//开始//渲染代码在这里//......//device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format; //device.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 1, verts);//... device.EndScene();//结束 device.Present();//更新显示区域(一帧) } #endregion 

 

2) 直接屏幕绘制

 

   TransFormedColored 结构

 

   记录顶点

   根据透视原理计算过的

   可以直接在显示器上显示

   属性 Position， Vector4(x,y,z,1). 同一图形的z应该相同，表示观察者的距离

   属性 Color, 

   CustomVertex.TransformedColored vert = CustomVertex.TransformedColored();

   float z = 0.5F;

   vert.Position = new Vector4(150F, 50F, z, 1F);

   vert.Color = Color.Aqua.ToArgb();

 

 

   绘制顶点,必须使用 DrawUserPrimitives()

   verts = new CustomVertex.TransformedColored[n];

   ...

   device.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType, 1, verts);

   结构 PrimitiveType

-> PointList 绘制顶点

-> LineList  绘制线段，每个线段使用2个顶点

-> LineStrip 绘制线段，中间顶点重复使用

-> TriangleList  绘制三角形，每个三角形使用3个顶点

-> TriangleStrip 绘制三角形，每2个相邻三角形共享中间两个顶点

-> TriangleFan   绘制三角形，每2个相邻三角形共享中间两个顶点，所有三角形共享一个顶点

public override void Render() { base.Render(); device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer, Color.White, 1F, 0); device.BeginScene(); device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format; device.DrawUserPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 1, verts); device.EndScene(); device.Present(); } 

 

3) 使用VertexBuffer

 

 

  构造函数

   #region VertexBuffer

   vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(typeof(CustomVertex.TransformedColored),

                3,//顶点个数

                dev,//Device

                0, 

                CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format,//顶点格式

                Pool.Default);//(顶点)参数存放位置

 

   事件 Created

   图形卡中的数据在窗口最小，最大化以后，可能丢失，因此需要数据重建。使用Created事件。

   vertexBuffer.Created += new EventHandler(OnCreateVertexBuffer);

 

  顶点绘制 DrawPrimitives()

   device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 1);//绘制. 

-> 格式

-> 起始

-> 个数

 

 

#region example: 使用VertexBuffer public override void OnCreateDevice(object sender, EventArgs e) {Device dev = (Device)sender; vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer(typeof(CustomVertex.TransformedColored), 3,//顶点个数 dev,//Device 0, CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format,//顶点格式 Pool.Default);//(顶点)参数存放位置 vertexBuffer.Created += new EventHandler(OnCreateVertexBuffer); OnCreateVertexBuffer(vertexBuffer, null);//创建顶点，并赋值 } public virtual void OnCreateVertexBuffer(object sender, EventArgs e) { verts = (CustomVertex.TransformedColored[])vertexBuffer.Lock(0, 0); float z = 0.5F; verts[0].Position = new Vector4(150F, 50F, z, 1F); verts[0].Color = Color.Aqua.ToArgb(); verts[1].Position = new Vector4(250F, 250F, z, 1F); verts[1].Color = Color.Brown.ToArgb(); verts[2].Position = new Vector4(50F, 250F, z, 1F); verts[2].Color = Color.LightPink.ToArgb(); vertexBuffer.Unlock(); } public override void Render() {base.Render(); device.Clear(ClearFlags.Target | ClearFlags.ZBuffer, Color.White, 1F, 0); device.BeginScene();device.SetStreamSource(0, vertexBuffer, 0);//使用VertexBuffer中的顶点 device.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.TransformedColored.Format;//顶点格式 device.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 1);//绘制device.EndScene(); device.Present(); } #endregion