c#导出Excel及操作

   excel导出在C#代码中应用己经很广泛了，我这里就做些总结，供自己和读者学习用。

Excel知识点。  
一、添加引用和命名空间 
添加Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel引用，它的默认路径是C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools forOffice\PIA\Office12\Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll 
代码中添加引用using Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel; 
二、Excel类的简单介绍 
此命名空间下关于Excel类的结构分别为： 
ApplicationClass - 就是我们的excel应用程序。 
Workbook - 就是我们平常见的一个个excel文件，经常是使用Workbooks类对其进行操作。 
Worksheet - 就是excel文件中的一个个sheet页。 
Worksheet.Cells[row, column] - 就是某行某列的单元格，注意这里的下标row和column都是从1开始的，跟我平常用的数组或集合的下标有所不同。 
知道了上述基本知识后，利用此类来操作excel就清晰了很多。 
三、Excel的操作 
任何操作Excel的动作首先肯定是用excel应用程序，首先要new一个ApplicationClass实例，并在最后将此实例释放。 

ApplicationClass xlsApp = new ApplicationClass(); // 1. 创建Excel应用程序对象的一个实例，相当于我们从开始菜单打开Excel应用程序。if (xlsApp == null){//对此实例进行验证，如果为null则表示运行此代码的机器可能未安装Excel}

Workbook workbook = xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);Worksheet mySheet = workbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet; //第一个sheet页mySheet.Name = "testsheet"; //这里修改sheet名称

2.复制sheet页 

mySheet.Copy(Type.Missing, workbook.Sheets[1]); //复制mySheet成一个新的sheet页，复制完后的名称是mySheet页名称后加一个(2)，这里就是testsheet(2)，复制完后，Worksheet的数量增加一个

注意这里Copy方法的两个参数，指是的复制出来新的sheet页是在指定sheet页的前面还是后面，上面的例子就是指复制的sheet页在第一个sheet页的后面。 
3.删除sheet页 

xlsApp.DisplayAlerts = false; //如果想删除某个sheet页，首先要将此项设为fasle。(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet).Delete();

4.选中sheet页 

(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet).Select(Type.Missing); //选中某个sheet页

5.另存excel文件 

workbook.Saved = true;workbook.SaveCopyAs(filepath);

6.释放excel资源

workbook.Close(true, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);workbook = null;xlsApp.Quit();xlsApp = null;

 

 

一般的我们传入一个DataTable生成Excel代码

// <summary>////// </summary>/// <param name="dt"></param>protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt){    if (dt == null||dt.Rows.Count==0) return;    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();     if (xlApp == null)    {        return;    }    System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;    System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range;    long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count;    long rowRead = 0;    float percent = 0;    for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)    {        worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;        range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1];        range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15;        range.Font.Bold = true;    }    for (int r = 0; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++)    {        for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)        {            worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();        }        rowRead++;        percent = ((float)(100 * rowRead)) / totalCount;    }    xlApp.Visible = true;}

  

如果要在excel中插入图片，我们需要把代码加入一行即可，如下所示

protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt){    if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0) return;    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();     if (xlApp == null)    {        return;    }    System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;    System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range;    long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count;    long rowRead = 0;    float percent = 0;    for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)    {        worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;        range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1];        range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15;    }    for (int r = 0; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++)    {        for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)        {            try            {                worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();            }            catch            {                worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString().Replace("=", "");            }        }        rowRead++;        percent = ((float)(100 * rowRead)) / totalCount;    }         worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture("C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif", Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100, 200, 200, 300);    worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "123456", "Red", 15, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150, 200);    xlApp.Visible = true;}

 

我们调用如下:

public void GenerateExcel(){    DataTable dt = new DataTable();    dt.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));    dt.Columns.Add("Age", typeof(string));    DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();    dr["Name"] = "spring";    dr["Age"] = "20";    dt.Rows.Add(dr);    dt.AcceptChanges();    ExportExcel(dt);}

 

 

运行结果如下所示:

其中如下代码的作用是

worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture("C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif", Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100, 200, 200, 300);

在Excel的指定位置加入图片

worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "123456", "Red", 15, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150, 200);

在Excel的指定位置加入文本框，和里面的内容.

 

我们可以这样来设计一个ExcelBase的基类:

先创建一个ExcelBE.cs：

public class ExcelBE {     private int _row = 0;     private int _col = 0;     private string _text = string.Empty;     private string _startCell = string.Empty;     private string _endCell = string.Empty;     private string _interiorColor = string.Empty;     private bool _isMerge = false;     private int _size = 0;     private string _fontColor = string.Empty;     private string _format = string.Empty;      public ExcelBE(int row, int col, string text, string startCell, string endCell, string interiorColor, bool isMerge, int size, string fontColor, string format)     {         _row = row;         _col = col;         _text = text;         _startCell = startCell;         _endCell = endCell;         _interiorColor = interiorColor;         _isMerge = isMerge;         _size = size;         _fontColor = fontColor;         _format = format;     }      public ExcelBE()     { }      public int Row     {         get { return _row; }         set { _row = value; }     }      public int Col     {         get { return _col; }         set { _col = value; }     }      public string Text     {         get { return _text; }         set { _text = value; }     }      public string StartCell     {         get { return _startCell; }         set { _startCell = value; }     }      public string EndCell     {         get { return _endCell; }         set { _endCell = value; }     }      public string InteriorColor     {         get { return _interiorColor; }         set { _interiorColor = value; }     }      public bool IsMerge     {         get { return _isMerge; }         set { _isMerge = value; }     }      public int Size     {         get { return _size; }         set { _size = value; }     }      public string FontColor     {         get { return _fontColor; }         set { _fontColor = value; }     }      public string Formart     {         get { return _format; }         set { _format = value; }     }  }

 

 

接下来创建ExcelBase.cs:

public class ExcelBase{    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = null;    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = null;    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = null;    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range workSheet_range = null;     public ExcelBase()    {        createDoc();    }     public void createDoc()    {        try        {            app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();            app.Visible = true;            workbook = app.Workbooks.Add(1);            worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Sheets[1];        }        catch (Exception e)        {            Console.Write("Error");        }        finally        {        }    }     public void InsertData(ExcelBE be)    {        worksheet.Cells[be.Row, be.Col] = be.Text;        workSheet_range = worksheet.get_Range(be.StartCell, be.EndCell);        workSheet_range.MergeCells = be.IsMerge;        workSheet_range.Interior.Color = GetColorValue(be.InteriorColor);        workSheet_range.Borders.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();        workSheet_range.ColumnWidth = be.Size;        workSheet_range.Font.Color = string.IsNullOrEmpty(be.FontColor) ? System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb() : System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();        workSheet_range.NumberFormat = be.Formart;    }     private int GetColorValue(string interiorColor)    {        switch (interiorColor)        {            case "YELLOW":                return System.Drawing.Color.Yellow.ToArgb();            case "GRAY":                return System.Drawing.Color.Gray.ToArgb();            case "GAINSBORO":                return System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro.ToArgb();            case "Turquoise":                return System.Drawing.Color.Turquoise.ToArgb();            case "PeachPuff":                return System.Drawing.Color.PeachPuff.ToArgb();             default:                return System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb();        }    }}

 

 

调用的代码如下:

private void btnRun_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){    ExcelBase excel = new ExcelBase();    //creates the main header    ExcelBE be = null;    be = new ExcelBE (5, 2, "Total of Products", "B5", "D5", "YELLOW", true, 10, "n",null);    excel.InsertData(be);    //creates subheaders    be = new ExcelBE (6, 2, "Sold Product", "B6", "B6", "GRAY", true, 10, "",null);    excel.InsertData(be);    be=new ExcelBE(6, 3, "", "C6", "C6", "GRAY", true, 10, "",null);    excel.InsertData(be);    be=new ExcelBE (6, 4, "Initial Total", "D6", "D6", "GRAY", true, 10, "",null);    excel.InsertData(be);    //add Data to cells    be=new ExcelBE (7, 2, "114287", "B7", "B7",null,false,10,"", "#,##0");    excel.InsertData(be);    be=new ExcelBE (7, 3, "", "C7", "C7", null,false,10,"",null);    excel.InsertData(be);    be = new ExcelBE(7, 4, "129121", "D7", "D7", null, false, 10, "", "#,##0");    excel.InsertData(be);    //add percentage row    be = new ExcelBE(8, 2, "", "B8", "B8", null, false, 10, "", "");    excel.InsertData(be);    be = new ExcelBE(8, 3, "=B7/D7", "C8", "C8", null, false, 10, "", "0.0%");    excel.InsertData(be);    be = new ExcelBE(8, 4, "", "D8", "D8", null, false, 10, "", "");    excel.InsertData(be);    //add empty divider    be = new ExcelBE(9, 2, "", "B9", "D9", "GAINSBORO", true, 10, "",null);    excel.InsertData(be);   }

 

结果如下图所示：