mongodb基本命令和CURD操作

来源：互联网发布：json-lib jar包编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/22 17:08

一，基本命令：

1，查看所有数据库：show dbs

2，选择数据库 use dbName,如果数据库不存在，则会新建数据库

3，查看所有数据库相关的操作（类似javascript函数） db.help()
使用db.help()得到数据库所有操作如下： > db.help()
DB methods:
db.addUser(userDocument)
db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to 'admin' db, and runs command [ just calls db.r
unCommand(...) ]
db.auth(username, password)
db.cloneDatabase(fromhost) copy database
db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command
db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost)
db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } ) 创建集合
db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db
db.dropDatabase() drop database
db.eval(func, args) run code server-side
db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups
db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock()
db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname
db.getCollectionNames() 得到数据库中所有集合的名字
db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string
db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object
db.getMongo() get the server connection object
db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave server
db.getName() 得到数据库名字
db.getPrevError()
db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated
db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold
db.getReplicationInfo()
db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one
db.hostInfo() get details about the server's host
db.isMaster() check replica primary status
db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db
db.listCommands() lists all the db commands
db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js
db.logout()
db.printCollectionStats() 显示所有集合信息
db.printReplicationInfo()
db.printShardingStatus() 查看分片信息
db.printSlaveReplicationInfo()
db.removeUser(username)
db.repairDatabase()
db.resetError()
db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj
: 1 }
db.serverStatus() 查看服务器信息
db.setProfilingLevel(level,<slowms>) 0=off 1=slow 2=all
db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output
db.shutdownServer()
db.stats() 查看数据库相关信息
db.version() current version of the server
>

4，删除数据库 db.dropDatabase()
5，查看所有集合 show collections
6，新建集合 db.collectionName.insert({_id:123}) 当向不存在的集合中插入对象时，会新建集合对象也可以使用db.createCollection("users")创建集合
7，删除集合 db.collectionName.drop() 删除集合
8，显示集合所有对象： db.collectionName.find()
9, 删除集合所有对象： db.collectionName.remove() 只是删除集合中的所有数据，但是集合和相应的索引都还是存在的

二 mongdb 的CURD 相关操作

1，添加操作

1.1，单个添加：

> use mogo
switched to db mogo
> db.users.insert({_id:123,name:"123"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 123, "name" : "123" }
switched to db mogo
> db.users.insert({_id:123,name:"123"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 123, "name" : "123" }
switched to db mogo
> db.users.insert({_id:123,name:"123"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 123, "name" : "123" }
switched to db mogo
> db.users.insert({_id:123,name:"123"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 123, "name" : "123" }

1.2 ，批量添加（使用javascript for 循环添加）：

> for(var i=0;i<5;i++){
... db.users.insert({
... _id:i,name:"name"+i,sex:20+i,address:"address"+i,tell:"134567890"+i}
... )}
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 123, "name" : "123" }
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name0", "sex" : 20, "address" : "address0", "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
>

1.3，insert（）和save（）：如果使用insert（）插入的时候_id 已经存在会报错，而如果使用save（）则会修改信息

> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 123, "name" : "123" } 修改前的值
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name0", "sex" : 20, "address" : "address0", "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.insert({_id:123,name:"12345"})
E11000 duplicate key error index: mogo.users.$_id_ dup key: { : 123.0 } 主键重复错误
> db.users.save({_id:123,name:"12345"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name0", "sex" : 20, "address" : "address0", "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
{ "_id" : 123, "name" : "12345" } save（）方法修改之后的值
>

2，删除操作

2.1:条件删除 db.collectionNmae.remove({}) {}放删除的条件
> db.users.find()

{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name0", "sex" : 20, "address" : "address0", "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
{ "_id" : 123, "age" : "12345" }
> db.users.remove({_id:123}) //根据id删除
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name0", "sex" : 20, "address" : "address0", "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
>
2.2：全部删除db.collectionName.remove()

3,修改操作

3.1 ：update 操作 db.collectionName.update({修改条件}，{修改后的值})

> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name0", "sex" : 20, "address" : "address0", "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.update(
... {name:"name0"}, //修改条件
... {name:"name00"}) //修改后的值
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name00" } 可以看到修改之后的值就是我们update函数中的值，其它的属性都没有了
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
>
如果需要保留其它的属性，需要使用$set 修改器：
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name00" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.update(
... {name:"name1"},
... {$set:{name:"name11"}}) //使用$set 修改器将name为“name1”的修改成“name11”
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name00" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "name" : "name11", "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678901" } 原来的其他属性保留
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.update( {name:"name11"}, {$set:{country:"country"}}) 如果$set 中的属性原来的文档中没有，则会添加到原来的文档中
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name00" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "country" : "country", "name" : "name11", "sex" : 21, "tell" :
"1345678901" } 在原来的属性的基础之上添加了新的country属
>
3.2 保存或则修改操作 db.collectionName({条件},{新的值}，true)
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name0", "sex" : 20, "address" : "address0", "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }

> db.users.update(
... {name:"name00"},
... {name:"name000",age:90,address:"address9"},
... true) //如果查询条件的值不存在，则将新的值插入到文档中
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name0", "sex" : 20, "address" : "address0", "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54fbe5a29f149608709573cc"), "name" : "name000", "age" : 90, "address" : "address
9" } 新增加的文档
3.3 批量修改操作
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name0", "sex" : 20, "address" : "address0", "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54fbe5a29f149608709573cc"), "name" : "name000", "age" : 90, "address" : "address
9" }
> db.users.update(
... {name:/^name/}, //使用正则表达式，修改name是以“name”开头的文档
... {name:"new name"})
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "new name" } 结果只有第一条满足的被修改了
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54fbe5a29f149608709573cc"), "name" : "name000", "age" : 90, "address" : "address
9" }
>
使用批量修改
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "new name" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54fbe5a29f149608709573cc"), "name" : "name000", "age" : 90, "address" : "address
9" }
> db.users.update(
... {name:/^name/},
... {name:"the new name"},
... false,
... true)
multi update only works with $ operators 批量修改只能使用修改器
> db.users.update(
... {name:/^name/},
... {$set:{name:"the new name"}}, 使用$set 修改器
... false,
... true)
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "new name" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "name" : "the new name", "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678904" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("54fbe5a29f149608709573cc"), "address" : "address9", "age" : 90, "name" : "the ne
w name" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "name" : "the new name", "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "name" : "the new name", "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "name" : "the new name", "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678903" }
>
3.4使用修改器完成修改操作
3.4.1 $set修改器，如果新的属性不存在则会添加到文档，如果存在则会修改
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "name0", "sex" : 20, "address" : "address0", "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "name1", "sex" : 21, "address" : "address1", "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "name2", "sex" : 22, "address" : "address2", "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "name3", "sex" : 23, "address" : "address3", "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "name4", "sex" : 24, "address" : "address4", "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.update(
... {name:/^name/},
... {$set:{name:"new name",country:"country"}}, 使用$set 修改name属性，添加country属性
... false,
... true)
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "country" : "country", "name" : "new name", "sex" : 20, "tell"
: "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "country" : "country", "name" : "new name", "sex" : 21, "tell"
: "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "country" : "country", "name" : "new name", "sex" : 22, "tell"
: "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "country" : "country", "name" : "new name", "sex" : 23, "tell"
: "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "country" : "country", "name" : "new name", "sex" : 24, "tell"
: "1345678904" }
>
3.4.2使用 $unset 修改器将文档中的部分属性删除
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "name" : "new name", "sex" : 20, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "name" : "new name", "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "name" : "new name", "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "name" : "new name", "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "name" : "new name", "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.update( {name:/^new/}, {$unset:{name:"123"}}, false ,true) //将name属性去掉，至于name的值取什么都可以
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "sex" : 20, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678904" }
>
3.4.3 使用$inc 修改器可以完成对数字类型的加减操作
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "sex" : 20, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.update(
... {address:/^address/},
... {$inc:{sex:1}}, //将所有的sex自增1 如果为负数则减少
... false,
... true)
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904" }
>
3.4.4. 使用$push 完成文档的添加 $pushAll 完成文档的批量添加都只能操作数组
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.update(
... {address:/^address/},
... {$push:{books:"java"}}, //如果books属性不存在则添加到文档
... false,
... true)
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.update( {address:/^address/}, {$push:{books:"c++"}}, false, true) 如果存在则在而且是数组则后面添加，如果属性存在但是不是数组，则操作报错
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "java", "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900
" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java", "c++" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901
" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "java", "c++" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "java", "c++" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "java", "c++" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
>
3.4.5. 使用$pull 完成文档的内容删除 $pullAll 完成文档的批量删除都只能操作数组
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "java", "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900
" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java", "c++" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901
" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "java", "c++" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "java", "c++" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "java", "c++" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
> db.users.update(
... {address:/^address/},
... {$pull:{books:"java"}}, //使用方式跟$push 一样作用相反
... false
... ,true)
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904" }
>
3.4.6使用$addToSet 想数组中添加，跟$push不同的是，使用$addToSet的时候如果属性已经存在则不添加，不存在才添加
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.update(
... {address:/address/},
... {$addToSet:{books:"c++"}}, // 由于集合中已经有了c++所以不会添加到集合中
... false,
... true)
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904" }
> db.users.update( {address:/address/}, {$addToSet:{books:"java"}}, false, true) //集合中没有 java 所以添加到集合中
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900
" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901
" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
>
3.4.7 使用$pop 取集合中的元素
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900
" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901
" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
> db.users.update(
... {_id:0},
... {$pop:{books:1}}) //去除集合中的最后一个
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901
" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
> db.users.update( {_id:1}, {$pop:{books:-1}}) //去除集合中的第一个
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
>
4，查询操作

4.1：查询所有： db.collectionName.find()
4.2: 条件查询所有属性db.collectionName.find({查询条件})
4.3：条件查询部分属性：
> db.users.find( {_id:0}, {_id:0,address:1,books:1}) //属性为0表示不查询为1表示查询默认情况会查询id
{ "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ] }
>
4.4 使用 <($lt) <=($lte) >($gt) >=($gte) !=($ne)
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
> db.users.find( {sex:{$gt:22,$lt:25}}, {_id:0,address:1,books:1,sex:1}) // 查找性别大于 22小于25 的用户显示部分属性
{ "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23 }
{ "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24 }
>
> db.users.find( {address:{$ne:"address0"}}, {_id:0,address:1,books:1,sex:1}) //使用不等于条件查找
{ "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 22 }
{ "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23 }
{ "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24 }
{ "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25 }
>
4.5 使用 and or
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
> db.users.find( {_id:{$gte:2},sex:{$lte:24}}) 当使用多个条件的时候默认and 链接
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }

> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
> db.users.find( 使用or链接条件
... {$or:[
... {_id:{$gt:3}},
... {sex:{$lt:24}}
... ]})
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
>
4.6 使用$in $nin
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
> db.users.find(
... {_id:{$in:[0,3,4]}})
{ "_id" : 0, "address" : "address0", "books" : [ "c++" ], "sex" : 21, "tell" : "1345678900" }
{ "_id" : 3, "address" : "address3", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 24, "tell" : "1345678903
" }
{ "_id" : 4, "address" : "address4", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 25, "tell" : "1345678904
" }
> db.users.find(
... {_id:{$nin:[0,3,4]}})
{ "_id" : 1, "address" : "address1", "books" : [ "java" ], "sex" : 22, "tell" : "1345678901" }
{ "_id" : 2, "address" : "address2", "books" : [ "c++", "java" ], "sex" : 23, "tell" : "1345678902
" }
>

0 0