STL源码剖析 - 第4章 序列式容器 - stack

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4.5.1 stack概述

    stack是一种“先进后出”的数据结构,它只能在栈顶对数据进行操作,即只能在栈顶进行新增元素、移除元素、取得最顶端元素。不能进行遍历行为,所以不需要设计自己的迭代器。在SGI STL的源码<stl_stack.h>的设计中,它是基于某种容器作为底部结构的,默认容器是deque容器,用户也可以自己指定容器的类型,比如list或者vector。

4.5.2 stack容器配接器

   由于stack是以底部容器完成其所有操作,而具有这种“修改某物接口、形成另一种风貌”的性质,称之为adapter(配接器)。因此stl stack往往不被归类为容器,而被归类为配接器。

    由于源码比较短,同时是基于其他容器进行操作的,这里只给出源码的剖析:

#ifndef __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_STACK_H  #define __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_STACK_H    #include <sequence_concepts.h>    __STL_BEGIN_NAMESPACE    // Forward declarations of operators == and <, needed for friend declaration.  //这里默认的底层容器类型是deque容器  template <class _Tp,             class _Sequence __STL_DEPENDENT_DEFAULT_TMPL(deque<_Tp>) >  class stack;    template <class _Tp, class _Seq>  bool operator==(const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __x, const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __y);    template <class _Tp, class _Seq>  bool operator<(const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __x, const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __y);      template <class _Tp, class _Sequence>  class stack {      // requirements:      __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Tp, _Assignable);    __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES(_Sequence, _BackInsertionSequence);    typedef typename _Sequence::value_type _Sequence_value_type;    __STL_CLASS_REQUIRES_SAME_TYPE(_Tp, _Sequence_value_type);      #ifdef __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES    template <class _Tp1, class _Seq1>    friend bool operator== (const stack<_Tp1, _Seq1>&,                            const stack<_Tp1, _Seq1>&);    template <class _Tp1, class _Seq1>    friend bool operator< (const stack<_Tp1, _Seq1>&,                           const stack<_Tp1, _Seq1>&);  #else /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */    friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER    operator== __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const stack&, const stack&);    friend bool __STD_QUALIFIER    operator< __STL_NULL_TMPL_ARGS (const stack&, const stack&);  #endif /* __STL_MEMBER_TEMPLATES */    public:      // 由于stack仅支持对栈顶元素的操作, 所以不定义STL要求的        // pointer, iterator, difference_type     typedef typename _Sequence::value_type      value_type;    typedef typename _Sequence::size_type       size_type;    typedef          _Sequence                  container_type;      typedef typename _Sequence::reference       reference;    typedef typename _Sequence::const_reference const_reference;  protected:    _Sequence c;//底层容器类型,默认为deque容器  public:      //下面对stack的维护完全依赖于底层容器的操作    stack() : c() {}    explicit stack(const _Sequence& __s) : c(__s) {}      //判断容器是否为空    bool empty() const { return c.empty(); }    //获取容器的大小,即容器中元素的个数    size_type size() const { return c.size(); }    //返回栈顶元素的引用    reference top() { return c.back(); }    const_reference top() const { return c.back(); }    //在栈顶追加元素    void push(const value_type& __x) { c.push_back(__x); }    //弹出栈顶的元素,但不返回任何内容    void pop() { c.pop_back(); }  };    //下面是依赖于底层容器的操作运算符  template <class _Tp, class _Seq>  bool operator==(const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __x, const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __y)  {    return __x.c == __y.c;  }    template <class _Tp, class _Seq>  bool operator<(const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __x, const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __y)  {    return __x.c < __y.c;  }    #ifdef __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER    template <class _Tp, class _Seq>  bool operator!=(const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __x, const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __y)  {    return !(__x == __y);  }    template <class _Tp, class _Seq>  bool operator>(const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __x, const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __y)  {    return __y < __x;  }    template <class _Tp, class _Seq>  bool operator<=(const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __x, const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __y)  {    return !(__y < __x);  }    template <class _Tp, class _Seq>  bool operator>=(const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __x, const stack<_Tp,_Seq>& __y)  {    return !(__x < __y);  }    #endif /* __STL_FUNCTION_TMPL_PARTIAL_ORDER */    __STL_END_NAMESPACE    #endif /* __SGI_STL_INTERNAL_STACK_H */    // Local Variables:  // mode:C++  // End:  


这里给出例子:

// constructing stacks  #include <iostream>       // std::cout  #include <stack>          // std::stack  #include <vector>         // std::vector  #include <deque>          // std::deque    int main ()  {    std::deque<int> mydeque (3,100);          // deque with 3 elements    std::vector<int> myvector (2,200);        // vector with 2 elements      std::stack<int> first;                    // empty stack    std::stack<int> second (mydeque);         // stack initialized to copy of deque      std::stack<int,std::vector<int> > third;  // empty stack using vector    std::stack<int,std::vector<int> > fourth (myvector);      std::cout << "size of first: " << first.size() << '\n';    std::cout << "size of second: " << second.size() << '\n';    std::cout << "size of third: " << third.size() << '\n';    std::cout << "size of fourth: " << fourth.size() << '\n';    second.push(2);    std::cout << "The element at the top of stack second is: "          << second.top( ) << "." << std::endl;    std::cout << "size of second: " << second.size() << '\n';      return 0;  }  

  

输出:

size of first: 0  size of second: 3  size of third: 0  size of fourth: 2  The element at the top of stack second is:2 .  size of second: 4  


 

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