Material Design 之 侧边栏与 SystemBar 不得不说的故事

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再过2个小时就是2015苹果春季发布会了,在两个小时的闲暇时间里,顺便鼓捣一下 Material Design 的侧边栏,没想到又是心酸血泪史。

在 Material Design 中,侧边栏是一个可以从屏幕左侧滑出的抽屉式的组件。如下效果图所示,当侧边栏滑出时,它处于 System Bar 之下,并且覆盖了 SystemBar 原有的颜色(图中 Dark Primary Color 所指组件)。按照 Material Design 中 SystemBar 的设计,SystemBar 的颜色会深于 ActionBar (图中 Primary Color 所指组件),效果图由于压缩的原因,可能不太明显。

效果图

所以,要实现如下效果,有如下3件事需要完成:

  • 为了能使 ActionBar 获得最大的扩展,我们使用 ToolBar 代替 ActionBar,并将其颜色设置为 Material Design 中的 Primary Color
  • 将 SystemBar 的颜色设置为 Material Design 中的 Dark Primary Color
  • 将侧边栏插入于 SystemBar 和 页面内容之间

前两步中,正常的实现方式如下:

values-v21/styles.xml

<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light">        <item name="android:windowDrawsSystemBarBackgrounds">true</item>        <item name="windowActionBar">false</item>        <item name="android:colorPrimary">@color/theme_primary</item>        <item name="android:colorPrimaryDark">@color/theme_dark_primary</item></style>

运行程序,效果正是我们想要的(请不要在意配色怎么这么丑的细节, = =)。

效果图

下面,按照我们正常的方式添加侧边栏组件,为了能使侧边栏正常的显示在 SystemBar 之下,在 values-v21/styles.xml中添加入

<item name="android:windowTranslucentStatus">true</item>

并将 Activity 继承自 ActionBarActivity, 并使用如下布局:

<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent">    <RelativeLayout        android:id="@+id/content_relative"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:fitsSystemWindows="true">        <include            android:id="@+id/toolbar"            layout="@layout/framelayout_toolbar_with_search"/>        <FrameLayout            android:id="@+id/content_frame"            android:layout_width="match_parent"            android:layout_height="match_parent"            android:layout_below="@id/toolbar"            android:background="@android:color/white">        </FrameLayout>    </RelativeLayout>    <!-- navigation 中根目录已经添加  android:fitsSystemWindows="false" 属性 -->    <include layout="@layout/navigation"/></android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

duang! 问题出现了,侧边栏正常显示,但是之前设置的 SystemBar 的颜色失效了。

 SystemBar 的颜色失效

但是,将刚才添加的状态栏透明的属性删除

<item name="android:windowTranslucentStatus">true</item>

duang!duang! 问题又出现了,侧边栏根本没有在 SystemBar 之下。

侧边栏没有在 SystemBar 之下

擦擦擦,这两个属性冲突了

<item name="android:windowTranslucentStatus">true</item><item name="android:windowDrawsSystemBarBackgrounds">true</item>

为了解决这个问题,我拆解了谷歌官方应用,终于发现了这个秘密(可能是我才疏学浅,后来才发现官方的 Android Demo 里就有, 哈哈)

所以现在是解决问题的时间了。

首先,需要在应用中添加 ScrimInsetsFrameLayout 开源组件。

* ScrimInsetsFrameLayout.java *

/* * Copyright 2014 Google Inc. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */package com.google.samples.apps.iosched.ui.widget;import android.content.Context;import android.content.res.TypedArray;import android.graphics.Canvas;import android.graphics.Rect;import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;import android.support.v4.view.ViewCompat;import android.util.AttributeSet;import android.widget.FrameLayout;import com.google.samples.apps.iosched.R;/** * A layout that draws something in the insets passed to {@link #fitSystemWindows(Rect)}, i.e. the area above UI chrome * (status and navigation bars, overlay action bars). */public class ScrimInsetsFrameLayout extends FrameLayout {    private Drawable mInsetForeground;    private Rect mInsets;    private Rect mTempRect = new Rect();    private OnInsetsCallback mOnInsetsCallback;    public ScrimInsetsFrameLayout(Context context) {        super(context);        init(context, null, 0);    }    public ScrimInsetsFrameLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {        super(context, attrs);        init(context, attrs, 0);    }    public ScrimInsetsFrameLayout(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {        super(context, attrs, defStyle);        init(context, attrs, defStyle);    }    private void init(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) {        final TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,                R.styleable.ScrimInsetsView, defStyle, 0);        if (a == null) {            return;        }        mInsetForeground = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.ScrimInsetsView_insetForeground);        a.recycle();        setWillNotDraw(true);    }    @Override    protected boolean fitSystemWindows(Rect insets) {        mInsets = new Rect(insets);        setWillNotDraw(mInsetForeground == null);        ViewCompat.postInvalidateOnAnimation(this);        if (mOnInsetsCallback != null) {            mOnInsetsCallback.onInsetsChanged(insets);        }        return true; // consume insets    }    @Override    public void draw(Canvas canvas) {        super.draw(canvas);        int width = getWidth();        int height = getHeight();        if (mInsets != null && mInsetForeground != null) {            int sc = canvas.save();            canvas.translate(getScrollX(), getScrollY());            // Top            mTempRect.set(0, 0, width, mInsets.top);            mInsetForeground.setBounds(mTempRect);            mInsetForeground.draw(canvas);            // Bottom            mTempRect.set(0, height - mInsets.bottom, width, height);            mInsetForeground.setBounds(mTempRect);            mInsetForeground.draw(canvas);            // Left            mTempRect.set(0, mInsets.top, mInsets.left, height - mInsets.bottom);            mInsetForeground.setBounds(mTempRect);            mInsetForeground.draw(canvas);            // Right            mTempRect.set(width - mInsets.right, mInsets.top, width, height - mInsets.bottom);            mInsetForeground.setBounds(mTempRect);            mInsetForeground.draw(canvas);            canvas.restoreToCount(sc);        }    }    @Override    protected void onAttachedToWindow() {        super.onAttachedToWindow();        if (mInsetForeground != null) {            mInsetForeground.setCallback(this);        }    }    @Override    protected void onDetachedFromWindow() {        super.onDetachedFromWindow();        if (mInsetForeground != null) {            mInsetForeground.setCallback(null);        }    }    /**     * Allows the calling container to specify a callback for custom processing when insets change (i.e. when     * {@link #fitSystemWindows(Rect)} is called. This is useful for setting padding on UI elements based on     * UI chrome insets (e.g. a Google Map or a ListView). When using with ListView or GridView, remember to set     * clipToPadding to false.     */    public void setOnInsetsCallback(OnInsetsCallback onInsetsCallback) {        mOnInsetsCallback = onInsetsCallback;    }    public static interface OnInsetsCallback {        public void onInsetsChanged(Rect insets);    }}

然后创建该组件的自定义属性,使组件的 insetForeground 属性生效

values/attrs.xml

<declare-styleable name="ScrimInsetsView">     <attr name="insetForeground" format="reference|color" /></declare-styleable>

更新你的 Activity 的布局文件,需要注意的是,确保 DrawerLayout 和 ScrimInsetsFrameLayout 都添加了 android:fitsSystemWindows 属性,并设置为 true

layout/activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"    android:layout_width="match_parent"    android:layout_height="match_parent"    android:fitsSystemWindows="true">    <RelativeLayout        android:id="@+id/content_relative"        android:layout_width="match_parent"        android:layout_height="match_parent">        <include            android:id="@+id/toolbar"            layout="@layout/framelayout_toolbar_with_search"/>        <FrameLayout            android:id="@+id/content_frame"            android:layout_width="match_parent"            android:layout_height="match_parent"            android:layout_below="@id/toolbar"            android:background="@android:color/white">        </FrameLayout>    </RelativeLayout>    <com.google.samples.apps.iosched.ui.widget.ScrimInsetsFrameLayout        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"        android:id="@+id/scrimInsetsFrameLayout"        android:layout_width="@dimen/navigation_width"        android:layout_height="match_parent"        android:layout_gravity="start"        android:elevation="10dp"        android:fitsSystemWindows="true"        app:insetForeground="#4000">        <include layout="@layout/navigation"/>    </com.google.samples.apps.iosched.ui.widget.ScrimInsetsFrameLayout></android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

最后,更新主题文件,使侧边栏显示与 SystemBar 之下

values-v21/styles.xml

<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light">        <item name="android:windowDrawsSystemBarBackgrounds">true</item>        <item name="windowActionBar">false</item>        <item name="android:colorPrimary">@color/theme_primary</item>        <item name="android:colorPrimaryDark">@color/theme_dark_primary</item>        <item name="android:statusBarColor">@android:color/transparent</item></style>

最最后,就是见证奇迹的时刻(边看直播边码文字,刚好在发布会结束时完成,Macbook 很赞,Apple Watch 除外观之外,还不错的说)

最终效果图

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