Android中measure过程、WRAP_CONTENT详解以及xml布局文件解析流程浅析(上)

来源:互联网 发布:淘宝买家情趣内衣秀 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/05/17 03:26

转载出处:http://blog.csdn.net/qinjuning/article/details/8051811


在之前一篇博文中<< Android中View绘制流程以及invalidate()等相关方法分析>>,简单的阐述 了Android View 

  绘制流程的三个步骤,即:

                      1、  measure过程 --- 测量过程

                      2、 layout 过程     --- 布局过程
                      3、 draw 过程      --- 绘制过程


要想对Android 中View这块深入理解,对这三个步骤地学习是必不可少的 。

今天,我着重讲解下如下三个内容:

            1、 measure过程

            2、WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT属性的原理说明

            3、xml布局文件解析成View树的流程分析。


希望对大家能有帮助。- -  分析版本基于Android 2.3 

1、WRAP_CONTENT、MATCH_PARENT/FILL_PARENT 


初入Android殿堂的同学们,对这三个属性一定又爱又恨。爱的是使用起来挺爽地---照葫芦画瓢即可,恨的

  却是时常混淆这几个属性地意义,需要三思而后行。在带着大家重温下这几个属性的用法吧(希望我没有啰嗦)。


这三个属性都用来适应视图的水平或垂直大小,一个以视图的内容或尺寸为基础的布局比精确地指定视图范围

  更加方便。


 ①  fill_parent

                设置一个视图的布局为fill_parent将强制性地使视图扩展至父元素大小。

        ② match_parent

               Android 中match_parent和fill_parent意思一样,但match_parent更贴切,于是从2.2开始两个词都可以

          用,但2.3版本后建议使用match_parent。

③ wrap_content

              自适应大小,强制性地使视图扩展以便显示其全部内容。以TextView和ImageView控件为例,设置为

         wrap_content将完整显示其内部的文本和图像。布局元素将根据内容更改大小。


可不要重复造轮子,以上摘自<<Android fill_parent、wrap_content和match_parent的区别>>


      当然,我们可以设置View的确切宽高,而不是由以上属性指定。


android:layout_weight="wrap_content"   //自适应大小  android:layout_weight="match_parent"   //与父视图等高  android:layout_weight="fill_parent"    //与父视图等高  android:layout_weight="100dip"         //精确设置高度值为 100dip  

接下来,我们需要转换下视角,看看ViewGroup.LayoutParams类及其派生类。


2、ViewGroup.LayoutParams类及其派生类


2.1、  ViewGroup.LayoutParams类说明

Android API中如下介绍:

                LayoutParams are used by views to tell their parents how they want to be laid out.


     意思大概是说: View通过LayoutParams类告诉其父视图它想要地大小(即,长度和宽度)。

因此,每个View都包含一个ViewGroup.LayoutParams类或者其派生类,View类依赖于ViewGroup.LayoutParams。

        路径:frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\View.java

public class View implements Drawable.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback, AccessibilityEventSource {    ...    /**    * The layout parameters associated with this view and used by the parent    * {@link android.view.ViewGroup} to determine how this view should be    * laid out.    * {@hide}    */    //该View拥有的 LayoutParams属性,父试图添加该View时,会为其赋值,特别注意,其类型为ViewGroup.LayoutParams。    protected ViewGroup.LayoutParams mLayoutParams;      ...  }  

 2.2、  ViewGroup.LayoutParams源码分析

路径位于:frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\ViewGroup.java

public abstract class ViewGroup extends View implements ViewParent, ViewManager {      ...       public static class LayoutParams {          /**          * Special value for the height or width requested by a View.          * FILL_PARENT means that the view wants to be as big as its parent,          * minus the parent's padding, if any. This value is deprecated          * starting in API Level 8 and replaced by {@link #MATCH_PARENT}.          */          @Deprecated          public static final int FILL_PARENT = -1;  // 注意值为-1,Android2.2版本不建议使用          /**          * Special value for the height or width requested by a View.          * MATCH_PARENT means that the view wants to be as big as its parent,          * minus the parent's padding, if any. Introduced in API Level 8.          */          public static final int MATCH_PARENT = -1; // 注意值为-1          /**          * Special value for the height or width requested by a View.          * WRAP_CONTENT means that the view wants to be just large enough to fit          * its own internal content, taking its own padding into account.          */          public static final int WRAP_CONTENT = -2; // 注意值为-2          /**          * Information about how wide the view wants to be. Can be one of the          * constants FILL_PARENT (replaced by MATCH_PARENT ,          * in API Level 8) or WRAP_CONTENT. or an exact size.          */          public int width;  //该View的宽度,可以为WRAP_CONTENT/MATCH_PARENT 或者一个具体值          /**          * Information about how tall the view wants to be. Can be one of the          * constants FILL_PARENT (replaced by MATCH_PARENT ,          * in API Level 8) or WRAP_CONTENT. or an exact size.          */          public int height; //该View的高度,可以为WRAP_CONTENT/MATCH_PARENT 或者一个具体值          /**          * Used to animate layouts.          */          public LayoutAnimationController.AnimationParameters layoutAnimationParameters;          /**          * Creates a new set of layout parameters. The values are extracted from          * the supplied attributes set and context. The XML attributes mapped          * to this set of layout parameters are:、          */          public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {              TypedArray a = c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout);              setBaseAttributes(a,                      R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_width,                      R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_height);              a.recycle();          }            /**          * Creates a new set of layout parameters with the specified width          * and height.          */          public LayoutParams(int width, int height) {              this.width = width;              this.height = height;          }          /**          * Copy constructor. Clones the width and height values of the source.          *          * @param source The layout params to copy from.          */          public LayoutParams(LayoutParams source) {              this.width = source.width;              this.height = source.height;          }          /**          * Used internally by MarginLayoutParams.          * @hide          */          LayoutParams() {          }          /**          * Extracts the layout parameters from the supplied attributes.          *          * @param a the style attributes to extract the parameters from          * @param widthAttr the identifier of the width attribute          * @param heightAttr the identifier of the height attribute          */          protected void setBaseAttributes(TypedArray a, int widthAttr, int heightAttr) {              width = a.getLayoutDimension(widthAttr, "layout_width");              height = a.getLayoutDimension(heightAttr, "layout_height");          }  }  

我们发现FILL_PARENT/MATCH_PARENT值为 -1 ,WRAP_CONETENT值为-2,是不是有点诧异? 将值

  设置为负值的目的是为了区别View的具体值(an exact size) 总是大于0的。

ViewGroup子类可以实现自定义LayoutParams,自定义LayoutParams提供了更好地扩展性,例如LinearLayout

 就有LinearLayout. LayoutParams自定义类(见下文)。整个LayoutParams类家族还是挺复杂的。

      ViewGroup.LayoutParams及其常用派生类的类图(部分类图)如下:


该类图是在太庞大了,大家有兴趣的去看看Android API吧。


前面我们说过,每个View都包含一个ViewGroup.LayoutParams类或者其派生类,下面我们的疑问是Android框架

 中时如何为View设置其LayoutParams属性的。


有两种方法会设置View的LayoutParams属性:

       1、 直接添加子View时,常见于如下几种方法:ViewGroup.java

//Adds a child view.      void addView(View child, int index)  //Adds a child view with this ViewGroup's default layout parameters   //and the specified width and height.  void addView(View child, int width, int height)  //Adds a child view with the specified layout parameters.         void addView(View child, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) 

三个重载方法的区别只是添加View时构造LayoutParams对象的方式不同而已,稍后我们探寻一下它们的源码。

2、 通过xml布局文件指定某个View的属性为:android:layout_heigth=””以及android:layout_weight=”” 时。

    总的来说,这两种方式都会设定View的LayoutParams属性值----指定的或者Default值。


方式1流程分析

     直接添加子View时,比较容易理解,我们先来看看这种方式设置LayoutParams的过程:

         路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\ViewGroup.java

public abstract class ViewGroup extends View implements ViewParent, ViewManager {      ...      /**      * Adds a child view. If no layout parameters are already set on the child, the      * default parameters for this ViewGroup are set on the child.      *      * @param child the child view to add      *      * @see #generateDefaultLayoutParams()      */      public void addView(View child) {          addView(child, -1);      }      /**      * Adds a child view. If no layout parameters are already set on the child, the      * default parameters for this ViewGroup are set on the child.      *      * @param child the child view to add      * @param index the position at which to add the child      *      * @see #generateDefaultLayoutParams()      */      public void addView(View child, int index) {          LayoutParams params = child.getLayoutParams();          if (params == null) {              params = generateDefaultLayoutParams(); //返回默认地LayoutParams类,作为该View的属性值              if (params == null) {//如果不能获取到LayoutParams对象,则抛出异常。                  throw new IllegalArgumentException("generateDefaultLayoutParams() cannot return null");              }          }          addView(child, index, params);      }      /**      * Adds a child view with this ViewGroup's default layout parameters and the      * specified width and height.      *      * @param child the child view to add      */      public void addView(View child, int width, int height) {          //返回默认地LayoutParams类,作为该View的属性值          final LayoutParams params = generateDefaultLayoutParams();           params.width = width;   //重新设置width值          params.height = height; //重新设置height值          addView(child, -1, params); //这儿,我们有指定width、height的大小了。      }      /**      * Adds a child view with the specified layout parameters.      *      * @param child the child view to add      * @param params the layout parameters to set on the child      */      public void addView(View child, LayoutParams params) {          addView(child, -1, params);      }      /**      * Adds a child view with the specified layout parameters.      *      * @param child the child view to add      * @param index the position at which to add the child      * @param params the layout parameters to set on the child      */      public void addView(View child, int index, LayoutParams params) {          ...          // addViewInner() will call child.requestLayout() when setting the new LayoutParams          // therefore, we call requestLayout() on ourselves before, so that the child's request          // will be blocked at our level          requestLayout();          invalidate();          addViewInner(child, index, params, false);      }      /**      * Returns a set of default layout parameters. These parameters are requested      * when the View passed to {@link #addView(View)} has no layout parameters      * already set. If null is returned, an exception is thrown from addView.      *      * @return a set of default layout parameters or null      */      protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {          //width 为 WRAP_CONTENT大小 , height 为WRAP_CONTENT           //ViewGroup的子类可以重写该方法,达到其特定要求。稍后会以LinearLayout类为例说明。          return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);      }      private void addViewInner(View child, int index, LayoutParams params,              boolean preventRequestLayout) {            if (!checkLayoutParams(params)) { //params对象是否为null              params = generateLayoutParams(params); //如果params对象是为null,重新构造个LayoutParams对象          }          //preventRequestLayout值为false          if (preventRequestLayout) {                child.mLayoutParams = params; //为View的mLayoutParams属性赋值          } else {              child.setLayoutParams(params);//为View的mLayoutParams属性赋值,但会调用requestLayout()请求重新布局          }          //if else 语句会设置View为mLayoutParams属性赋值          ...      }      ...  }  

主要功能就是在添加子View时为其构建了一个LayoutParams对象。但更重要的是,ViewGroup的子类可以重载

 上面的几个方法,返回特定的LayoutParams对象,例如:对于LinearLayout而言,则是LinearLayout.LayoutParams

 对象。这么做地目的是,能在其他需要它的地方,可以将其强制转换成LinearLayout.LayoutParams对象。


      LinearLayout重写函数地实现为:

public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup {      ...      @Override      public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {          return new LinearLayout.LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);      }      @Override      protected LayoutParams generateDefaultLayoutParams() {          //该LinearLayout是水平方向还是垂直方向          if (mOrientation == HORIZONTAL) {               return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);          } else if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {              return new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);          }          return null;      }      @Override      protected LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {          return new LayoutParams(p);      }      /**      * Per-child layout information associated with ViewLinearLayout.      *       * @attr ref android.R.styleable#LinearLayout_Layout_layout_weight      * @attr ref android.R.styleable#LinearLayout_Layout_layout_gravity      */ //自定义的LayoutParams类      public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams {          /**          * Indicates how much of the extra space in the LinearLayout will be          * allocated to the view associated with these LayoutParams. Specify          * 0 if the view should not be stretched. Otherwise the extra pixels          * will be pro-rated among all views whose weight is greater than 0.          */          @ViewDebug.ExportedProperty(category = "layout")          public float weight;      //  见于属性,android:layout_weight=""  ;          /**          * Gravity for the view associated with these LayoutParams.          *          * @see android.view.Gravity          */          public int gravity = -1;  // 见于属性, android:layout_gravity=""  ;           /**          * {@inheritDoc}          */          public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {              super(c, attrs);              TypedArray a =c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.LinearLayout_Layout);              weight = a.getFloat(com.android.internal.R.styleable.LinearLayout_Layout_layout_weight, 0);              gravity = a.getInt(com.android.internal.R.styleable.LinearLayout_Layout_layout_gravity, -1);                a.recycle();          }          /**          * {@inheritDoc}          */          public LayoutParams(int width, int height) {              super(width, height);              weight = 0;          }          /**          * Creates a new set of layout parameters with the specified width, height          * and weight.          *          * @param width the width, either {@link #MATCH_PARENT},          *        {@link #WRAP_CONTENT} or a fixed size in pixels          * @param height the height, either {@link #MATCH_PARENT},          *        {@link #WRAP_CONTENT} or a fixed size in pixels          * @param weight the weight          */          public LayoutParams(int width, int height, float weight) {              super(width, height);              this.weight = weight;          }          public LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams p) {              super(p);          }          public LayoutParams(MarginLayoutParams source) {              super(source);          }      }      ...  }  

LinearLayout.LayoutParams类继承至ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams类,添加了对android:layout_weight以及

   android:layout_gravity这两个属性的获取和保存。而且它的重写函数返回的都是LinearLayout.LayoutParams

   类型。样,我们可以再对子View进行其他操作时,可以将将其强制转换成LinearLayout.LayoutParams对象进行

   使用。

         例如,LinearLayout进行measure过程,使用了LinearLayout.LayoutParam对象,有如下代码:


public class LinearLayout extends ViewGroup {      ...      @Override  //onMeasure方法。      protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {          //判断是垂直方向还是水平方向,这儿我们假设是VERTICAL垂直方向,          if (mOrientation == VERTICAL) {              measureVertical(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);          } else {              measureHorizontal(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);          }      }       /**      * Measures the children when the orientation of this LinearLayout is set      * to {@link #VERTICAL}.      *      * @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent.      * @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent.      *      * @see #getOrientation()      * @see #setOrientation(int)      * @see #onMeasure(int, int)      */        void measureVertical(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {              mTotalLength = 0;              ...              // See how tall everyone is. Also remember max width.              for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {                  final View child = getVirtualChildAt(i); //获得索引处为i的子VIew                     ...                  //注意,我们将类型为 ViewGroup.LayoutParams的实例对象强制转换为了LinearLayout.LayoutParams,                  //即父对象转换为了子对象,能这样做的原因就是LinearLayout的所有子View的LayoutParams类型都为                  //LinearLayout.LayoutParams                  LinearLayout.LayoutParams lp = (LinearLayout.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();                  ...          }      ...  }  

超类ViewGroup.LayoutParams强制转换为了子类LinearLayout.LayoutParams,因为LinearLayout的每个

  ”直接“子ViewLayoutParams属性都是LinearLayout.LayoutParams类型,因此可以安全转换。


       PS : Android 2.3源码Launcher2中也实现了自定义的LayoutParams类,在IDLE界面的每个View至少包含如下

  信息:所在X方向的单元格索引和高度、所在Y方向的单元格索引和高度等。

            路径: packages\apps\Launcher2\src\com\android\launcher2\CellLayout.java

public class CellLayout extends ViewGroup {      ...       public static class LayoutParams extends ViewGroup.MarginLayoutParams {              /**              * Horizontal location of the item in the grid.              */              public int cellX;   //X方向的单元格索引              /**              * Vertical location of the item in the grid.              */              public int cellY;   //Y方向的单元格索引              /**              * Number of cells spanned horizontally by the item.              */              public int cellHSpan;  //水平方向所占高度              /**              * Number of cells spanned vertically by the item.              */              public int cellVSpan;  //垂直方向所占高度              ...              public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {                  super(c, attrs);                  cellHSpan = 1;  //默认为高度 1                  cellVSpan = 1;              }                public LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams source) {                  super(source); //默认为高度 1                  cellHSpan = 1;                  cellVSpan = 1;              }                            public LayoutParams(int cellX, int cellY, int cellHSpan, int cellVSpan) {                  super(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);                  this.cellX = cellX;                  this.cellY = cellY;                  this.cellHSpan = cellHSpan;                  this.cellVSpan = cellVSpan;              }              ...          }      ...  }  

对该自定义CellLayout.LayoutParams类的使用可以参考LinearLayout.LayoutParams类,我也不再赘述了。


方法2流程分析

        使用属性android:layout_heigth=””以及android:layout_weight=”” 时,为某个View设置LayoutParams值。


其实这种赋值方法其实也如同前面那种,只不过它需要一个前期孵化过程---需要利用XML解析将布局文件

  解析成一个完整的View树,可别小看它了,所有Xxx.xml的布局文件都需要解析成一个完整的View树。下面,

  我们就来仔细走这个过程,重点关注如下两个方面

         ①、xml布局是如何解析成View树的 ;

         ②、android:layout_heigth=””和android:layout_weight=””的解析。


PS: 一直以来,我都想当然android:layout_heigth以及android:layout_weight这两个属性的解析过程是在

   View.java内部完成的,但当我真正去找寻时,却一直没有在View.java类或者ViewGroup.java类找到。直到一位

   网友的一次提问,才发现它们的藏身之地。


3、布局文件解析流程分析

解析布局文件时,使用的类为LayoutInflater。 关于该类的使用请参考如下博客:

                            <android中LayoutInflater的使用 >>

      主要有如下API方法:

        public View inflate (XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)

          public View inflate (int resource, ViewGroup root)

          public View inflate (int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)

     这三个类主要迷惑之处在于地三个参数attachToRoot,即是否将该View树添加到root中去。具体可看这篇博客:

                                       <<关于inflate的第3个参数>>

    当然还有LayoutInflater的inflate()的其他重载方法,大家可以自行了解下。


我利用下面的例子给大家走走这个流程 :

public class MainActivity extends Activity {      /** Called when the activity is first created. */      @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);          //1、该方法最终也会调用到 LayoutInflater的inflate()方法中去解析。          setContentView(R.layout.main);                    //2、使用常见的API方法去解析xml布局文件,          LayoutInflater layoutInflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService();          View root = layoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.main, null);      }  }  

Step 1、获得LayoutInflater的引用。

         路径:\frameworks\base\core\java\android\app\ContextImpl.java

/**  * Common implementation of Context API, which provides the base  * context object for Activity and other application components.  */  class ContextImpl extends Context {      if (WINDOW_SERVICE.equals(name)) {          return WindowManagerImpl.getDefault();      } else if (LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE.equals(name)) {          synchronized (mSync) {              LayoutInflater inflater = mLayoutInflater;              //是否已经赋值,如果是,直接返回引用              if (inflater != null) {                  return inflater;              }              //返回一个LayoutInflater对象,getOuterContext()指的是我们的Activity、Service或者Application引用              mLayoutInflater = inflater = PolicyManager.makeNewLayoutInflater(getOuterContext());              return inflater;          }      } else if (ACTIVITY_SERVICE.equals(name)) {          return getActivityManager();      }...  }  

继续去PolicyManager查询对应函数,看看内部实现。    

           径:frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\policy\PolicyManager.java


public final class PolicyManager {      private static final String POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME = "com.android.internal.policy.impl.Policy";      private static final IPolicy sPolicy;   // 这可不是Binder机制额,这只是是一个接口,别想多啦      static {          // Pull in the actual implementation of the policy at run-time          try {              Class policyClass = Class.forName(POLICY_IMPL_CLASS_NAME);              sPolicy = (IPolicy)policyClass.newInstance();          }          ...      }      ...      public static LayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) {          return sPolicy.makeNewLayoutInflater(context); //继续去实现类中去查找      }  } 

IPolicy接口的实现对为Policy类。路径:/frameworks/base/policy/src/com/android/internal/policy/impl/Policy.java


//Simple implementation of the policy interface that spawns the right  //set of objects  public class Policy implements IPolicy{      ...      public PhoneLayoutInflater makeNewLayoutInflater(Context context) {          //实际上返回的是PhoneLayoutInflater类。          return new PhoneLayoutInflater(context);      }  }  //PhoneLayoutInflater继承至LayoutInflater类  public class PhoneLayoutInflater extends LayoutInflater {      ...      /**      * Instead of instantiating directly, you should retrieve an instance      * through {@link Context#getSystemService}      *       * @param context The Context in which in which to find resources and other      *                application-specific things.      *       * @see Context#getSystemService      */      public PhoneLayoutInflater(Context context) {          super(context);      }      ...  }  

LayoutInflater是个抽象类,实际上我们返回的是PhoneLayoutInflater类,但解析过程的操作基本上是在

  LayoutInflater中完成地。


 Step 2、调用inflate()方法去解析布局文件。


public abstract class LayoutInflater {      ...      public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root) {          //继续看下个函数,注意root为null          return inflate(resource, root, root != null);       }            public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {          //获取一个XmlResourceParser来解析XML文件---布局文件。          //XmlResourceParser类以及xml是如何解析的,大家自己有兴趣找找。          XmlResourceParser parser = getContext().getResources().getLayout(resource);          try {              return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);          } finally {              parser.close();          }      }  }  


我们获得了一个当前应用程序环境的XmlResourceParser对象,该对象的主要作用就是来解析xml布局文件的。

  XmlResourceParser类是个接口类,更多关于XML解析的,大家可以参考下面博客:

                              <<android之XmlResourceParser类使用实例>>

                                    <<android解析xml文件的方式(其一)>>

                                    <<android解析xml文件的方式(其二)>>

                                    <<android解析xml文件的方式(其三)>>



Step 3 、真正地开始解析工作 。

public abstract class LayoutInflater {      ...      /**      * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified XML node. Throws      * {@link InflateException} if there is an error.      */      //我们传递过来的参数如下: root 为null , attachToRoot为false 。      public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {          synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {              final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);              Context lastContext = (Context)mConstructorArgs[0];              mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;  //该mConstructorArgs属性最后会作为参数传递给View的构造函数              View result = root;  //根View                try {                  // Look for the root node.                  int type;                  while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&                          type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {                      // Empty                  }                  ...                  final String name = parser.getName();  //节点名,即API中的控件或者自定义View完整限定名。                  if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { // 处理<merge />标签                      if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {                          throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "                                  + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");                      }                      //将<merge />标签的View树添加至root中,该函数稍后讲到。                      rInflate(parser, root, attrs);                  } else {                      // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml                      //创建该xml布局文件所对应的根View。                      View temp = createViewFromTag(name, attrs);                         ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;                        if (root != null) {                          // Create layout params that match root, if supplied                          //根据AttributeSet属性获得一个LayoutParams实例,记住调用者为root。                          params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);                           if (!attachToRoot) { //重新设置temp的LayoutParams                              // Set the layout params for temp if we are not                              // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)                              temp.setLayoutParams(params);                          }                      }                      // Inflate all children under temp                      //添加所有其子节点,即添加所有字View                      rInflate(parser, temp, attrs);                                            // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)                      // to root. Do that now.                      if (root != null && attachToRoot) {                          root.addView(temp, params);                      }                      // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the                      // top view found in xml.                      if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {                          result = temp;                      }                  }              }               ...              return result;          }      }            /*      * default visibility so the BridgeInflater can override it.      */      View createViewFromTag(String name, AttributeSet attrs) {          //节点是否为View,如果是将其重新赋值,形如 <View class="com.qin.xxxView"></View>          if (name.equals("view")) {                name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");          }          try {              View view = (mFactory == null) ? null : mFactory.onCreateView(name,                      mContext, attrs);  //没有设置工厂方法                if (view == null) {                  //通过这个判断是Android API的View,还是自定义View                  if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {                      view = onCreateView(name, attrs); //创建Android API的View实例                  } else {                      view = createView(name, null, attrs);//创建一个自定义View实例                  }              }              return view;          }           ...      }      //获得具体视图的实例对象      public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs) {          Constructor constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);          Class clazz = null;          //以下功能主要是获取如下三个类对象:          //1、类加载器  ClassLoader          //2、Class对象          //3、类的构造方法句柄 Constructor          try {              if (constructor == null) {              // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it              clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name);              ...              constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);              sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);          } else {              // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor              if (mFilter != null) {                  ...                 }          }              //传递参数获得该View实例对象              Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;              args[1] = attrs;              return (View) constructor.newInstance(args);          }           ...      }    }  


这段代码的作用是获取xml布局文件的root View,做了如下两件事情

          1、获取xml布局的View实例,通过createViewFromTag()方法获取,该方法会判断节点名是API 控件

            还是自定义控件,继而调用合适的方法去实例化View。

          2、判断root以及attachToRoot参数,重新设置root View值以及temp变量的LayoutParams值。


        如果仔细看着段代码,不知大家心里有没有疑惑:当root为null时,我们的temp变量的LayoutParams值是为

  null的,即它不会被赋值?有个View的LayoutParams值为空,那么,在系统中不会报异常吗?见下面部分

  代码:


//我们传递过来的参数如下: root 为null , attachToRoot为false 。  public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {      synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {          ...          try {                            ...              if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { // 处理<merge />标签                  ...              } else {                  // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml                  //创建该xml布局文件所对应的根View。                  View temp = createViewFromTag(name, attrs);                   ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;                    //注意!!! root为null时,temp变量的LayoutParams属性不会被赋值的。                  if (root != null) {                      // Create layout params that match root, if supplied                      //根据AttributeSet属性获得一个LayoutParams实例,记住调用者为root。                      params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);                       if (!attachToRoot) { //重新设置temp的LayoutParams                          // Set the layout params for temp if we are not                          // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)                          temp.setLayoutParams(params);                      }                  }                  ...              }          }           ...      }  }  

 关于这个问题的详细答案,我会在后面讲到。这儿我简单说下,任何View树的顶层View被添加至窗口时,

  一般调用WindowManager.addView()添加至窗口时,在这个方法中去做进一步处理。即使,LayoutParams

  值空,UI框架每次measure()时都忽略该View的LayoutParams值,而是直接传递MeasureSpec值至View树。


       接下来,我们关注另外一个函数,rInflate(),该方法会递归调用每个View下的子节点,以当前View作为根View

 形成一个View树。


/**  * Recursive method used to descend down the xml hierarchy and instantiate  * views, instantiate their children, and then call onFinishInflate().  */  //递归调用每个字节点  private void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, final AttributeSet attrs)          throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {        final int depth = parser.getDepth();      int type;        while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||              parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {            if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {              continue;          }          final String name = parser.getName();                    if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) { //处理<requestFocus />标签              parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);          } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) { //处理<include />标签              if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {                  throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");              }              parseInclude(parser, parent, attrs);//解析<include />节点          } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) { //处理<merge />标签              throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");          } else {              //根据节点名构建一个View实例对象              final View view = createViewFromTag(name, attrs);               final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;              //调用generateLayoutParams()方法返回一个LayoutParams实例对象,              final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);              rInflate(parser, view, attrs); //继续递归调用              viewGroup.addView(view, params); //OK,将该View以特定LayoutParams值添加至父View中          }      }      parent.onFinishInflate();  //完成了解析过程,通知....  }  

值得注意的是,每次addView前都调用了viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs)去构建一个LayoutParams

  实例,然后在addView()方法中为其赋值。参见如下代码:ViewGroup.java


public abstract class ViewGroup extends View implements ViewParent, ViewManager {      ...            public LayoutParams generateLayoutParams(AttributeSet attrs) {          return new LayoutParams(getContext(), attrs);      }      public static class LayoutParams {          ... //会调用这个构造函数          public LayoutParams(Context c, AttributeSet attrs) {              TypedArray a = c.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout);              setBaseAttributes(a,                      R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_width,                      R.styleable.ViewGroup_Layout_layout_height);              a.recycle();          }          protected void setBaseAttributes(TypedArray a, int widthAttr, int heightAttr) {              width = a.getLayoutDimension(widthAttr, "layout_width");              height = a.getLayoutDimension(heightAttr, "layout_height");          }        }  

好吧 ~~ 我们还是探寻根底,去TypeArray类的getLayoutDimension()看看。

         路径:/frameworks/base/core/java/android/content/res/TypedArray.java


public class TypedArray {      ...      /**      * Special version of {@link #getDimensionPixelSize} for retrieving      * {@link android.view.ViewGroup}'s layout_width and layout_height      * attributes.  This is only here for performance reasons; applications      * should use {@link #getDimensionPixelSize}.      *       * @param index Index of the attribute to retrieve.      * @param name Textual name of attribute for error reporting.      *       * @return Attribute dimension value multiplied by the appropriate       * metric and truncated to integer pixels.      */      public int getLayoutDimension(int index, String name) {          index *= AssetManager.STYLE_NUM_ENTRIES;          final int[] data = mData;          //获得属性对应的标识符 , Identifies,目前还没有仔细研究相关类。          final int type = data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_TYPE];          if (type >= TypedValue.TYPE_FIRST_INT                  && type <= TypedValue.TYPE_LAST_INT) {              return data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA];          } else if (type == TypedValue.TYPE_DIMENSION) { //类型为dimension类型              return TypedValue.complexToDimensionPixelSize(                  data[index+AssetManager.STYLE_DATA], mResources.mMetrics);          }          //没有提供layout_weight和layout_height会来到此处 ,这儿会报异常!          //因此布局文件中的View包括自定义View必须加上属性layout_weight和layout_height。          throw new RuntimeException(getPositionDescription()                  + ": You must supply a " + name + " attribute.");      }      ...  }  

从上面得知,  我们将View的AttributeSet属性传递给generateLayoutParams()方法,让其构建合适地

   LayoutParams对象,并且初始化属性值weight和height。同时我们也得知 布局文件中的View包括自定义View

   必须加上属性layout_weight和layout_height,否则会报异常。


Step 3 主要做了如下事情:
       首先,获得了了布局文件地root View,即布局文件中最顶层的View。

       其次,通过递归调用,我们形成了整个View树以及设置了每个View的LayoutParams对象。


总结:通过对布局文件的解析流程的学习,也就是转换为View树的过程,我们明白了解析过程的个中奥妙,以及

设置ViewLayoutParams对象的过程。但是,我们这儿只是简单的浮光掠影,更深层次的内容希望大家能深入学习。


本来是准备接下去往下写的,但无奈贴出来的代码太多,文章有点长而且自己也有点凌乱了,因此决定做两篇

  博客发表吧。下篇内容包括如下方面:

        1、MeasureSpec类说明 ;

        2、measure过程中如何正确设置每个View的长宽 ;

        3、UI框架正确设置顶层View的LayoutParams对象,对Activity而言,顶层View则是DecorView,

   其他的皆是普通View了。



0 0
原创粉丝点击